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Formal limit perspective [04FN]

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Formal limit perspective

One natural idea is that we only develop Floer theory for sufficiently smooth Lagrangians (eg. immersed Lagrangians, isolated T2T^{2}-cones, etc), and formally treat Lagrangian currents using approximation by smooth objects. Suppose LiL_{i} are sufficiently smooth Lagrangian branes in the same Db​F​u​k​(X)D^{b}Fuk(X) class, and Li→LL_{i}\to L in the varifold/current topology, and assume the brane structures provide a Cauchy sequence in some appropriate sense, then one formally declare the Lagrangian current LL as carrying an object in the same Db​F​u​k​(X)D^{b}Fuk(X) class. A weak Lagrangian brane would then tautologically be an equivalence class of Cauchy sequences. The same Lagrangian current may in principle support many different formal brane structures, not necessarily all in the same derived category class.

In this perspective, weak Lagrangian branes are indirect constructions, whose properties amount to quantitative properties of sufficiently smooth Lagrangians that can be bounded in terms of a priori quantities such as the distance on the branes, the flat norm on the currents, the Hausdorff distance between the Lagrangians, etc.

Question 12.

Is there a notion of distance between two Lagrangian branes L,L′L,L^{\prime} in the same Db​F​u​k​(X)D^{b}Fuk(X) class, that has precompactness property modulo gauge under varifold/current topology, in the setting of exact, quantitative almost calibrated Lagrangians with bounded Lagrangian potential?

One concrete notion of distance is as follows (cf. [35, Definition 2.2], see also [10, section 5]). We can look for the α,β\alpha,\beta representing generators in H​F0​(L,L′)HF^{0}(L,L^{\prime}) and H​F0​(L′,L)HF^{0}(L^{\prime},L) with cohomological compositions equal to the identity; in the almost calibrated case C​F−1​(L,L′)=0CF^{-1}(L,L^{\prime})=0, so α,β\alpha,\beta are unique up to scaling. Since all bounding cochains and A∞A_{\infty} products have non-negative Novikov exponents, and the sum of Novikov exponents add up to zero, we must have some negative Novikov exponent for α\alpha or β\beta. In our context, the Novikov exponent amounts to (fL−fL′)​(p)(f_{L}-f_{L^{\prime}})(p) at p∈C​F0​(L,L′)p\in CF^{0}(L,L^{\prime}) and (fL′−fL)​(q)(f_{L^{\prime}}-f_{L})(q) at q∈C​F0​(L′,L)q\in CF^{0}(L^{\prime},L). The quantity

−min⁡{Novikov exponents among all intersection points of α,β}-\min\{\text{Novikov exponents among all intersection points of $\alpha,\beta$}\}

provides a candidate notion of distance d⁡(L,L′)d(L,L^{\prime}) between Lagrangian branes. Notice this distance bounds the energy of the holomorphic discs with boundary on L,L′L,L^{\prime}. Given three objects L,L′,L′′L,L^{\prime},L^{\prime\prime}, by considering the composition of the generators, it is easy to deduce d⁡(L,L′′)≤d⁡(L,L′)+d⁡(L′,L′′)d(L,L^{\prime\prime})\leq d(L,L^{\prime})+d(L^{\prime},L^{\prime\prime}).

Does this notion of distance have any precompactness property? Namely, given a sequence of sufficiently smooth Lagrangian objects Li∈ℒL_{i}\in\mathcal{L}, (eg. a minimizing sequence for the Solomon functional), and assuming the Lagrangian potentials are uniformly bounded, then up to making gauge equivalent choices of local systems and bounding cochains, when can we extract a Cauchy subsequence?

Remark 5.18.

As an illustration of the subtlety, consider immersed Lagrangians LL built as the cone of L2→𝛾L1​[1]L_{2}\xrightarrow{\gamma}L_{1}[1]. Replacing γ\gamma by c​γc\gamma for c>0c>0 results in new bounding cochain structures on L1∪L2L_{1}\cup L_{2}, but the distance between these brane structures is zero. The limit c→0c\to 0 however belongs to a different Db​F​u​k​(X)D^{b}Fuk(X) class. This suggests our formulation of weak Lagrangian branes is probably not sufficient to distinguish between several derived category classes.

One may also ask if the weak Lagrangian branes agree with ordinary Lagrangian branes in the case of smooth immersed Lagrangians:

Question 13.

Suppose LiL_{i} is a sequence of immersed Lagrangian branes, all in the same Db​F​u​k​(X)D^{b}Fuk(X) class, and is a Cauchy sequence with respect to the distance on the branes. Suppose LL is an immersed Lagrangian, and Li→LL_{i}\to L in the varifold/current topology. Then does there exist a suitable brane structure on LL so that Li→LL_{i}\to L with respect to the distance on the branes?

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