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Change of reference Lagrangian [049P]

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Change of reference Lagrangian

The definition of the Solomon functional depends on the reference Lagrangian L0L_{0}, and we write 𝒮L0​(L)\mathcal{S}_{L_{0}}(L) when we wish to emphasize this dependence. The following feature of the Solomon functional resembles the Donaldson functional in the HYM context (cf. (9)):

Proposition 3.4.

Under the change of reference Lagrangians,

𝒮L0​(L)=𝒮L0′​(L)+𝒮L0​(L0′).\mathcal{S}_{L_{0}}(L)=\mathcal{S}_{L_{0}^{\prime}}(L)+\mathcal{S}_{L_{0}}(L_{0}^{\prime}). (22)
Proof.

We shall use the homological nature of the Solomon functional and the fact that Hn+1​(X)=0H_{n+1}(X)=0. We pick 𝒞1,𝒞2,𝒞3\mathcal{C}_{1},\mathcal{C}_{2},\mathcal{C}_{3} such that

∂𝒞1=L−L0′,∂𝒞2=L0′−L0,∂𝒞3=L−L0.\partial\mathcal{C}_{1}=L-L_{0}^{\prime},\quad\partial\mathcal{C}_{2}=L_{0}^{\prime}-L_{0},\quad\partial\mathcal{C}_{3}=L-L_{0}.

Then 𝒞1+𝒞2\mathcal{C}_{1}+\mathcal{C}_{2} is homologous to 𝒞3\mathcal{C}_{3}, so we can replace 𝒞3\mathcal{C}_{3} by 𝒞1+𝒞2\mathcal{C}_{1}+\mathcal{C}_{2} to compute 𝒮L0​(L)\mathcal{S}_{L_{0}}(L), whence (22) follows. ∎

Remark 3.5.

A more Floer theoretic argument that 𝒞1+𝒞2\mathcal{C}_{1}+\mathcal{C}_{2} is homologous to 𝒞3\mathcal{C}_{3}, which does not appeal to Hn+1​(X)=0H_{n+1}(X)=0 directly, can be sketched as follows. We assume L0,L0′,LL_{0},L_{0}^{\prime},L are three unobstructed Lagrangians mutually isomorphic in Db​F​u​k​(X)D^{b}Fuk(X), and H​F−1​(L0,L0)=0HF^{-1}(L_{0},L_{0})=0. Of course, the self Floer cohomologies of L0,L0′,LL_{0},L_{0}^{\prime},L are all isomorphic, and H​F−1=0HF^{-1}=0 is a necessary condition if the Db​F​u​k​(X)D^{b}Fuk(X) class admits any almost calibrated representative at all. We consider α∈C​F0​(L0,L0′),β∈C​F0​(L0′,L),γ∈C​F0​(L,L0)\alpha\in CF^{0}(L_{0},L_{0}^{\prime}),\beta\in CF^{0}(L_{0}^{\prime},L),\gamma\in CF^{0}(L,L_{0}) representing the generators of H​F0HF^{0}, such that at the level of Floer cohomology

γ∘β∘α=1L0,α∘γ∘β=1L0′,β∘α∘γ=1L.\gamma\circ\beta\circ\alpha=1_{L_{0}},\quad\alpha\circ\gamma\circ\beta=1_{L_{0}^{\prime}},\quad\beta\circ\alpha\circ\gamma=1_{L}.

For simplicity we first assume almost calibratedness, so that C​F−1=0CF^{-1}=0, and there is no ambiguity for these generators. Notice the compositions β∘α,γ∘β,α∘γ\beta\circ\alpha,\gamma\circ\beta,\alpha\circ\gamma provide generators of H​F0​(L0,L)HF^{0}(L_{0},L), H​F0​(L0′,L0)HF^{0}(L_{0}^{\prime},L_{0}), H​F0​(L,L0′)HF^{0}(L,L_{0}^{\prime}). Consider the nn-dimensional moduli spaces ℳ~\tilde{\mathcal{M}} of holomorphic discs with corners at α,β,γ\alpha,\beta,\gamma and the self intersection points corresponding to the bounding cochains. The corresponding universal family 𝒞~\tilde{\mathcal{C}} provides an (n+2)(n+2)-dimensional current, whose boundary comes from disc bubbling and disc breaking. Most of the boundary contributions are eliminated by the Mauer-Cartan equation of the bounding cochains, the closedness of α,β,γ\alpha,\beta,\gamma, and support dimension reasons, and only three boundary contributions survive. These are the (n+1)(n+1)-dimensional bordism currents between L0,L0′L_{0},L_{0}^{\prime} (resp. L0′,LL_{0}^{\prime},L and L,L0L,L_{0}) constructed from the universal family of holomorphic curves associated to the generators α,−γ∘β\alpha,-\gamma\circ\beta (resp. β,−α∘γ\beta,-\alpha\circ\gamma and γ,β∘α\gamma,\beta\circ\alpha). We can identify these as 𝒞2,𝒞1,−𝒞3\mathcal{C}_{2},\mathcal{C}_{1},-\mathcal{C}_{3}. The upshot is that Floer theory explicitly provides the (n+2)(n+2)-dimensional current that exhibits the homological relation between 𝒞1+𝒞2\mathcal{C}_{1}+\mathcal{C}_{2} and 𝒞3\mathcal{C}_{3}.

In general without assuming almost calibratedness, then C​F−1CF^{-1} can be nonzero. Then we need some extra nn-dimensional moduli spaces to account for the non-uniqueness of cohomological representatives of H​F0HF^{0}, an issue quite similar to section 3.1.2. A subtle new issue is that the moduli space ℳ~\tilde{\mathcal{M}} receives new boundary contributions involving the m3bm_{3}^{b} products (this shorthand notation indicates the presence of bounding cochain elements, cf. (73)) of α,β,γ\alpha,\beta,\gamma. The three cyclic permutations of α,β,γ\alpha,\beta,\gamma produce three m3bm_{3}^{b} products, which are elements in C​F−1​(L0,L0),C​F−1​(L0′,L0′)CF^{-1}(L_{0},L_{0}),CF^{-1}(L_{0}^{\prime},L_{0}^{\prime}) and C​F−1​(L,L)CF^{-1}(L,L) respectively, and the (n−1)(n-1)-dimensional moduli of polygons with one corner at the C​F−1CF^{-1} intersections and the other corners at bounding cochain elements contribute to ∂𝒞~\partial\tilde{\mathcal{C}}. Now by the A∞A_{\infty} relation, and the closedness of α,β,γ\alpha,\beta,\gamma,

m1b​(m3b​(γ,β,α))+m2b​(γ,m2b​(β,α))−m2b​(m2b​(γ,β),α)=0.m_{1}^{b}(m_{3}^{b}(\gamma,\beta,\alpha))+m_{2}^{b}(\gamma,m_{2}^{b}(\beta,\alpha))-m_{2}^{b}(m_{2}^{b}(\gamma,\beta),\alpha)=0.

Writing m2b​(γ,m2b​(β,α))=1L0+m1b​(δ1)m_{2}^{b}(\gamma,m_{2}^{b}(\beta,\alpha))=1_{L_{0}}+m_{1}^{b}(\delta_{1}) and m2b​(m2b​(γ,β),α)=1L0+m1b​(δ2)m_{2}^{b}(m_{2}^{b}(\gamma,\beta),\alpha)=1_{L_{0}}+m_{1}^{b}(\delta_{2}), we see m3b​(γ,β,α)+δ1−δ2m_{3}^{b}(\gamma,\beta,\alpha)+\delta_{1}-\delta_{2} is m1bm_{1}^{b}-closed, so by the assumption that H​F−1​(L0,L0)=0HF^{-1}(L_{0},L_{0})=0, it is in fact −m1b​(ϵ1)-m_{1}^{b}(\epsilon_{1}) for some ϵ1∈C​F−2​(L0,L0)\epsilon_{1}\in CF^{-2}(L_{0},L_{0}). We can then produce an nn-dimensional moduli space, from polygons with a corner at ϵ1\epsilon_{1}, and other corners at the bounding cochain elements. Completely analogously, one can produce two other nn-dimensional moduli spaces from ϵ2∈C​F−2​(L0′,L0′)\epsilon_{2}\in CF^{-2}(L_{0}^{\prime},L_{0}^{\prime}) and ϵ3∈C​F−2​(L,L)\epsilon_{3}\in CF^{-2}(L,L). Combining the (n+2)(n+2)-dimensional universal families over the nn-dimensional moduli spaces, results in an explicit bordism current between 𝒞1+𝒞2\mathcal{C}_{1}+\mathcal{C}_{2} and 𝒞3\mathcal{C}_{3}.

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