ScalingStacks

Joyce-Imagi-Santos uniqueness theorem [0481]

Original official author HTML, exact retained edition. Historical TeX conversion verdicts remain unchanged. Cited-edition alignment and mathematical self-containment are not assessed.

Complete original source context · Original author HTML

Joyce-Imagi-Santos uniqueness theorem

Theorem 2.6.

[40] Let n≥3n\geq 3. 1313 13 The theorem is also true in complex dimension 2, proved earlier by Lotay and Neves [56] by other means not involving Floer theory. Assume LL is a smooth embedded exact special Lagrangian of phase zero, asymptotic at rate <0<0 to the union of the two planes Π0∪Πϕ\Pi_{0}\cup\Pi_{\phi} with ∑ϕi=π\sum\phi_{i}=\pi, then LL is Lϕ,AL_{\phi,A} for some A>0A>0.

Here is a sketch of their arguments:

  • •

    Using the asymptotic assumption on the exact Lagrangian LL, one can assign an analytic invariant A⁡(L)A(L) to LL as follows. Let fL:L→ℝf_{L}:L\to\mathbb{R} be a primitive of the Liouville form λ\lambda, namely d​fL=λ|Ldf_{L}=\lambda|_{L}, then fLf_{L} converges to constants c0,cϕc_{0},c_{\phi} at the two asymptotic ends along Π0,Πϕ\Pi_{0},\Pi_{\phi} respectively. Then one defines A⁡(L)=cϕ−c0A(L)=c_{\phi}-c_{0}. If LL coincides with the Lawlor neck Lϕ,AL_{\phi,A}, then A⁡(L)=AA(L)=A.

  • •

    Partially compactify ℂn\mathbb{C}^{n} into a Liouville manifold identified as the plumbing MM of two cotangent bundles T∗​SnT^{*}S^{n} with T∗​SnT^{*}S^{n}. Here the two copies of SnS^{n} arise topologically as one-point compactifications of Π0\Pi_{0} and Πϕ\Pi_{\phi} by adding the points at infinity ∞0\infty_{0} and ∞ϕ\infty_{\phi}, and topologically MM is the union of ℂn\mathbb{C}^{n} and the two cotangent fibres over ∞0\infty_{0} and ∞ϕ\infty_{\phi} respectively. Under suitably fast decay condition at infinity, the unknown special Lagrangian LL can be compactified into an exact graded embedded Lagrangian L¯\bar{L} inside MM. One would like to compare this to the Lagrangian L¯ϕ,A\bar{L}_{\phi,A} obtained by the compactification of the standard Lawlor necks Lϕ,AL_{\phi,A} inside MM.

  • •

    By analyzing the intersection pattern with the two cotangent fibres at infinity, and using the classification results of Abouzaid and Smith [1], one shows that inside Db​F​u​k​(M)D^{b}Fuk(M), the Lagrangian object L¯\bar{L} is isomorphic to one of the two Lagrangian connected sums of the two SnS^{n} with suitable gradings, and in fact the assumption on Floer degrees ∑ϕi=π\sum\phi_{i}=\pi singles out L¯≃L¯ϕ,A∈Db​F​u​k​(M)\bar{L}\simeq\bar{L}_{\phi,A}\in D^{b}Fuk(M), the opposite surgery corresponding to ∑ϕi=(n−1)​π\sum\phi_{i}=(n-1)\pi. This step needs n≥3n\geq 3. For contradiction, we assume L¯\bar{L} does not coincide with L¯ϕ,A\bar{L}_{\phi,A} for any choice of parameter A>0A>0.

  • •

    By a modification of the Thomas-Yau argument, one shows that after a small Hamiltation perturbation L¯′′\bar{L}^{\prime\prime} of L¯ϕ,A\bar{L}_{\phi,A}, we can ensure L¯′′\bar{L}^{\prime\prime} is transverse to L¯\bar{L}, there is no degree 0,n0,n intersection points in L¯′′∩L¯\bar{L}^{\prime\prime}\cap\bar{L} inside ℂn\mathbb{C}^{n}, and there is precisely one intersection point pp and qq in L¯′′∩L¯\bar{L}^{\prime\prime}\cap\bar{L} on each of the two cotangent fibres at infinity respectively. Morever, the Db​F​u​k​(M)D^{b}Fuk(M) class and the analytic invariants of L¯′′\bar{L}^{\prime\prime} agree with that of L¯ϕ,A\bar{L}_{\phi,A}.

    Remark 2.8.

    The subtlety at infinity prevents one from removing degree 0,n0,n intersections outside the ℂn\mathbb{C}^{n} region, so one does not reach an immediate contradiction as in the Thomas-Yau argument. This technical failure is necessary, because the Lawlor necks with fixed asymptotic planes are not unique, but do arise in a 1-parameter family. It is in overcoming this technical problem that holomorphic curves appear in [40].

  • •

    Now suppose the Lawlor neck is chosen with the parameter A=A⁡(L)A=A(L), which presumes A⁡(L)>0A(L)>0.

    Lemma 2.7.

    [40, Thm 2.15] Assume JJ is a generic almost complex structure on MM compatible with the Liouville structure. There exists a JJ-holomorphic strip Σ\Sigma with boundary on L¯\bar{L} and L¯′′\bar{L}^{\prime\prime} and two corners at pp and qq respectively.

    Proof.

    Consider the Floer cup product with mod 2 coefficients

    H​F0​(L¯′′,L¯)⊗H​F0​(L¯,L¯′′)→H​F0​(L¯,L¯),HF^{0}(\bar{L}^{\prime\prime},\bar{L})\otimes HF^{0}(\bar{L},\bar{L}^{\prime\prime})\to HF^{0}(\bar{L},\bar{L}),

    which can be identified as the cup product

    H0​(L¯,L¯)⊗H0​(L¯,L¯)→H0​(L¯,L¯),1L¯∪1L¯=1L¯,H^{0}(\bar{L},\bar{L})\otimes H^{0}(\bar{L},\bar{L})\to H^{0}(\bar{L},\bar{L}),\quad 1_{\bar{L}}\cup 1_{\bar{L}}=1_{\bar{L}},

    and thus must be nontrivial. However, at chain level this Floer product comes from the A∞A_{\infty} operation

    m2:C​F0​(L¯′′,L¯)⊗C​F0​(L¯,L¯′′)→C​F0​(L¯,L¯),m_{2}:CF^{0}(\bar{L}^{\prime\prime},\bar{L})\otimes CF^{0}(\bar{L},\bar{L}^{\prime\prime})\to CF^{0}(\bar{L},\bar{L}),

    which must be nontrivial. The counting interpretation implies there are intersection points p′∈C​F0​(L¯,L¯′′)p^{\prime}\in CF^{0}(\bar{L},\bar{L}^{\prime\prime}) and q′∈C​F0​(L¯′′,L¯)≃C​Fn​(L¯,L¯′′)∨q^{\prime}\in CF^{0}(\bar{L}^{\prime\prime},\bar{L})\simeq CF^{n}(\bar{L},\bar{L}^{\prime\prime})^{\vee} and some holomorphic strip in between. Since degree 0,n0,n intersection points cannot occur inside ℂn\mathbb{C}^{n}, they can only occur at infinity, so we must have {p,q}={p′,q′}\{p,q\}=\{p^{\prime},q^{\prime}\}. ∎

    Now the area of the JJ-holomorphic curve can be computed cohomologically. Using the choice of parameter AA,

    ∫Σω=∫∂Σλ=∫p′→q′d​fL¯+∫q′→p′d​fL¯′′=±(A⁡(L)−A⁡(L′′))=±(A−A)=0.\int_{\Sigma}\omega=\int_{\partial\Sigma}\lambda=\int_{p^{\prime}\to q^{\prime}}df_{\bar{L}}+\int_{q^{\prime}\to p^{\prime}}df_{\bar{L}^{\prime\prime}}=\pm(A(L)-A(L^{\prime\prime}))=\pm(A-A)=0.

    This contradicts the positivity of area of the holomorphic curve, which proves LL must coincide with Lϕ,AL_{\phi,A}.

  • •

    Finally one needs to a priori justify A⁡(L)>0A(L)>0. This relies on a slightly more complicated holomorphic polygon counting argument, and the main upshot is that one can produce a nontrivial holomorphic triangle from a distinguished triangle in Db​F​u​k​(M)D^{b}Fuk(M), with the three edges on L¯\bar{L}, Π0∪{∞0}\Pi_{0}\cup\{\infty_{0}\} and Πϕ∪{∞ϕ}\Pi_{\phi}\cup\{\infty_{\phi}\}. Then one shows A⁡(L)A(L) has the interpretation as its area, so must be positive.

Original mathematics by the credited authors. Source-backed reader collection; mathematical self-containment is not assessed.