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Homological nature of the Solomon functional [049K]

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Homological nature of the Solomon functional

Write the Liouville 1-form as λ\lambda, so d​λ=ωd\lambda=\omega, and the potential of the immersed Lagrangian LL as fLf_{L}, so d​fL=λ|Ldf_{L}=\lambda|_{L}. We consider the potential as part of the brane data, so adding a constant to fLf_{L} is viewed as a different Lagrangian brane. We shall consider a path of such Lagrangians LtL_{t}, with associated Hamiltonian functions hth_{t}, so there is a preferred way to parallel transport fLf_{L}, as recalled below.

Lemma 3.3.
∫01dt∫LthtIm(e−i​θ^Ω)=∫LtfLtIm(e−i​θ^Ω)|t=0t=1−∫∪tLtλ∧Im(e−i​θ^Ω).\int_{0}^{1}dt\int_{L_{t}}h_{t}\text{Im}(e^{-i\hat{\theta}}\Omega)=\int_{L_{t}}f_{L_{t}}\text{Im}(e^{-i\hat{\theta}}\Omega)|^{t=1}_{t=0}-\int_{\cup_{t}L_{t}}\lambda\wedge\text{Im}(e^{-i\hat{\theta}}\Omega). (19)
Proof.

Let XtX_{t} be the Hamiltonian vector field along LtL_{t} associated to hth_{t}, namely d​ht=ω⁡(Xt,⋅)dh_{t}=\omega(X_{t},\cdot). We calculate the time derivative of fLtf_{L_{t}}: along LtL_{t}

ℒX​λ=ιX​d​λ+d⁡(ιX​λ)=ιX​ω+d⁡(ιX​λ)=d⁡(ht+ιX​λ),\mathcal{L}_{X}\lambda=\iota_{X}d\lambda+d(\iota_{X}\lambda)=\iota_{X}\omega+d(\iota_{X}\lambda)=d(h_{t}+\iota_{X}\lambda),

so there is a preferred parallel transport of fLf_{L} along the path LtL_{t},

∂tfLt=ht+ιX​λ.\partial_{t}f_{L_{t}}=h_{t}+\iota_{X}\lambda.

Hence

∂t∫LtfLt​Im​(e−i​θ^​Ω)=∫Lt(ht+ιX​λ)​Im​(e−i​θ^​Ω)+∫LtfLt​ℒX​Im​(e−i​θ^​Ω).\partial_{t}\int_{L_{t}}f_{L_{t}}\text{Im}(e^{-i\hat{\theta}}\Omega)=\int_{L_{t}}(h_{t}+\iota_{X}\lambda)\text{Im}(e^{-i\hat{\theta}}\Omega)+\int_{L_{t}}f_{L_{t}}\mathcal{L}_{X}\text{Im}(e^{-i\hat{\theta}}\Omega).

Now by the Cartan formula and the closedness of Ω\Omega,

ℒX​Im​(e−i​θ^​Ω)=d​ιX​Im​(e−i​θ^​Ω),\mathcal{L}_{X}\text{Im}(e^{-i\hat{\theta}}\Omega)=d\iota_{X}\text{Im}(e^{-i\hat{\theta}}\Omega),

so after integration by part,

∫LtfLtℒXIm(e−i​θ^Ω)=−∫Ltdft∧ιXIm(e−i​θ^Ω)=−∫Ltλ∧ιXIm(e−i​θ^Ω).\int_{L_{t}}f_{L_{t}}\mathcal{L}_{X}\text{Im}(e^{-i\hat{\theta}}\Omega)=-\int_{L_{t}}df_{t}\wedge\iota_{X}\text{Im}(e^{-i\hat{\theta}}\Omega)=-\int_{L_{t}}\lambda\wedge\iota_{X}\text{Im}(e^{-i\hat{\theta}}\Omega).

Combining the above,

∂t∫LtfLt​Im​(e−i​θ^​Ω)=∫Ltht​Im​(e−i​θ^​Ω)+∫LtιX​(λ∧Im​(e−i​θ^​Ω)).\partial_{t}\int_{L_{t}}f_{L_{t}}\text{Im}(e^{-i\hat{\theta}}\Omega)=\int_{L_{t}}h_{t}\text{Im}(e^{-i\hat{\theta}}\Omega)+\int_{L_{t}}\iota_{X}(\lambda\wedge\text{Im}(e^{-i\hat{\theta}}\Omega)).

Integrating in tt gives the result. ∎

We observe that by the Kähler condition ω∧Ω=0\omega\wedge\Omega=0, so

d⁡(λ∧Im​(e−i​θ^​Ω))=ω∧Im​(e−i​θ^​Ω)=0.d(\lambda\wedge\text{Im}(e^{-i\hat{\theta}}\Omega))=\omega\wedge\text{Im}(e^{-i\hat{\theta}}\Omega)=0.

This means the term ∫∪tLtλ∧Im(e−i​θ^Ω)\int_{\cup_{t}L_{t}}\lambda\wedge\text{Im}(e^{-i\hat{\theta}}\Omega) is a homological quantity, in the sense that we can replace ∪tLt\cup_{t}L_{t} by any compactly supported (n+1)(n+1)-current 𝒞\mathcal{C} with ∂𝒞=L1−L0\partial\mathcal{C}=L_{1}-L_{0}, which would automatically satisfy [𝒞−∪tLt]=0∈Hn+1(X)[\mathcal{C}-\cup_{t}L_{t}]=0\in H_{n+1}(X), since Hn+1​(X)=0H_{n+1}(X)=0 for Stein manifolds. In particular, this explains Solomon’s theorem that his functional is invariant under Hamiltonian deformations of the path of Lagrangians. The advantage of our homological interpretation is to allow more general currents 𝒞\mathcal{C}, which in particular can come from families of holomorphic curves.

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