ScalingStacks

Proof. [04AC]

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Proof.

We modify the proof of Lemma 3.9. We think of the corner qq as the origin in the upper half plane model, and take vnv_{n} instead to be the Möbius vector field z2∂zz^{2}\partial_{z} on Σ\Sigma. This has one higher order of vanishing:

vn=(an​1​zϕ1/π+1,…​an​n​zϕn/π+1)+O⁡(z2).v_{n}=(a_{n1}z^{\phi_{1}/\pi+1},\ldots a_{nn}z^{\phi_{n}/\pi+1})+O(z^{2}).

This leads to

Ω⁡(v1,…​vn)=z(∑ϕk)/π−n+2​(det(ak​j)+o⁡(1)),\Omega(v_{1},\ldots v_{n})=z^{(\sum\phi_{k})/\pi-n+2}(\det(a_{kj})+o(1)),

so the excess vanishing order at qq is ≥2−n\geq 2-n. The index of the ordinary linearized Cauchy-Riemann operator is

deg⁡q=2​∑(interior zeros)+∑(boundary zeros)+∑(excess corner zeros)+n,\deg q=2\sum(\text{interior zeros})+\sum(\text{boundary zeros})+\sum(\text{excess corner zeros})+n,

whence deg⁡q≥2\deg q\geq 2.

When the equality is achieved, then there is no interior or boundary zero, and det(ak​j)≠0\det(a_{kj})\neq 0 at the corner, hence the immersion claim. The argument in Cor. 3.6 shows that v1,…​vn,vnz,vnz2v_{1},\ldots v_{n},\frac{v_{n}}{z},\frac{v_{n}}{z^{2}} span the real vector space of first order deformations in W1,2;πW^{1,2;\pi}. In particular, the only first order deformation which decays at qq are spanned by vnv_{n} and z−1​vnz^{-1}v_{n}, namely the Möbius generators. Since the index of the ordinary Cauchy-Riemann operator is two, the cokernel must have dimension zero, namely the obstruction vanishes. ∎

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