ScalingStacks

Index theory preliminary [049U]

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Index theory preliminary

For a pseudoholomorphic polygon u:Σ→Xu:\Sigma\to X with inputs at p1,…​pkp_{1},\ldots p_{k} and an output at qq, arranged in clockwise order, the index is deg⁡q−∑1kdeg⁡pk\deg q-\sum_{1}^{k}\deg p_{k}, where the degree convention is (63). The index amounts to a Maslov number computation, and an alternative topological description is as follows: take a section ss of the complex line bundle Λn​T​M→Σ\Lambda^{n}TM\to\Sigma, which restricts on ∂Σ\partial\Sigma to a section of the real line bundle Λn​T​L\Lambda^{n}TL. (When several Lagrangians are involved, it is understood that T​LTL refers to the appropriate Lagrangian on the portion of ∂Σ\partial\Sigma.) We assume ss has isolated zeros up to the boundary and the corner (aka. strip like ends). We may also regard ss as a function Ω⁡(s)\Omega(s) on the polygon, by contraction with Ω\Omega. Then

Index=2​∑(interior zeros)+∑(boundary zeros)+∑(excess corner zeros)+n.\text{Index}=2\sum(\text{interior zeros})+\sum(\text{boundary zeros})+\sum(\text{excess corner zeros})+n. (23)

Here the order of zeros is computed from winding numbers, and for general sections ss may take positive and negative values. At a corner where ∂Σ\partial\Sigma passes from L+L_{+} to L−L_{-} in the clockwise direction, we can put the tangent spaces T​L±⊂T​XTL_{\pm}\subset TX into the standard form respecting the complex structure

L+=ℝn,L−=(ei​ϕ1,…​ei​ϕn)​ℝn,0<ϕi<π,T​X=ℝn⊗ℂ,L_{+}=\mathbb{R}^{n},\quad L_{-}=(e^{i\phi_{1}},\ldots e^{i\phi_{n}})\mathbb{R}^{n},\quad 0<\phi_{i}<\pi,\quad TX=\mathbb{R}^{n}\otimes\mathbb{C}, (24)

so if Ω⁡(s)∼zα\Omega(s)\sim z^{\alpha} in the complex coordinate of the upper half plane model, the excess vanishing order at the corner is 1π​(α−∑1nϕi)\frac{1}{\pi}(\alpha-\sum_{1}^{n}\phi_{i}). Formula (23) is equivalent to the standard index formula by a topological version of the Cauchy residue formula.

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