ScalingStacks

A.4 Simple blow-ups [03XN]

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A.4 Simple blow-ups

Let ๐’ณ{\cal X} be an snc model, JโŠ‚I๐’ณJ\subset I_{\cal X} a non-empty subset and YโŠ‚DJY\subset D_{J} a smooth irreducible variety of dimension less or equal than nn. Let us assume that YY intersects transversally (in DJD_{J}) all subvarieties DJโ€ฒD_{J^{\prime}} of DJD_{J} (for Jโ€ฒโŠƒJJ^{\prime}\supset J), and that all intersections YโˆฉDJY\cap D_{J} are either empty or irreducible. It is obvious that the blow-up ๐’ณโ€ฒ:=Bโ€‹lYโ€‹(๐’ณ){\cal X}^{\prime}:=Bl_{Y}({\cal X}) of ๐’ณ{\cal X} with the center at YY is again a snc model.

Definition 22

For a pair of snc models ๐’ณโ€ฒโ‰ฅ๐’ณ{\cal X}^{\prime}\geq{\cal X} as above we say that ๐’ณโ€ฒ{\cal X}^{\prime} is obtained from ๐’ณ{\cal X} by a simple blow-up. If Y=DJY=D_{J} we say that we have a simple blow-up of the first type. Otherwise (when dim(Y)<dim(DJ)\dim(Y)<\dim(D_{J})), we have a simple blow-up of the second type.

Let us describe the behavior of S๐’ณS_{\cal X} under simple blow-ups. To the set of vertices we add a new vertex corresponding to the divisor Y~\widetilde{Y} obtained from YY:

I๐’ณโ€ฒ=I๐’ณโŠ”{nโ€‹eโ€‹w},Dnโ€‹eโ€‹w:=Y~.I_{{\cal X}^{\prime}}=I_{\cal X}\sqcup\{new\},\,\,\,D_{new}:=\widetilde{Y}\,\,.

The degree of the new divisor is (for both the first and the second type)

dnโ€‹eโ€‹w:=โˆ‘iโˆˆJdj.d_{new}:=\sum_{i\in J}d_{j}\,\,.

For blow-ups of the first type we have automatically #โ€‹J>1\#J>1. Here is the list of faces of S๐’ณโ€ฒS_{\cal{X}^{\prime}}:

1) Iโ€ฒI^{\prime} for Iโ€ฒโˆˆFโ€‹aโ€‹cโ€‹eโ€‹sโ€‹(S๐’ณ),Iโ€ฒโŠ„JI^{\prime}\in Faces(S_{\cal X}),\,I^{\prime}\not\subset J;

2) Iโ€ฒโŠ”{nโ€‹eโ€‹w}I^{\prime}\sqcup\{new\} for Iโ€ฒโˆˆFโ€‹aโ€‹cโ€‹eโ€‹sโ€‹(S๐’ณ),Iโ€ฒโ‰ J,Iโ€ฒโˆชJโˆˆFโ€‹aโ€‹cโ€‹eโ€‹sโ€‹(S๐’ณ)I^{\prime}\in Faces(S_{\cal X}),\,I^{\prime}\neq J,\,I^{\prime}\cup J\in Faces(S_{\cal X});

3) the vertex {nโ€‹eโ€‹w}\{new\}.
For blow-ups of the second type the list of faces of S๐’ณโ€ฒS_{{\cal X}^{\prime}} is

1) Iโ€ฒI^{\prime} for Iโ€ฒโˆˆFโ€‹aโ€‹cโ€‹eโ€‹sโ€‹(S๐’ณ)I^{\prime}\in Faces(S_{\cal X});

2) Iโ€ฒโŠ”{nโ€‹eโ€‹w}I^{\prime}\sqcup\{new\} for Iโ€ฒโˆˆFโ€‹aโ€‹cโ€‹eโ€‹sโ€‹(S๐’ณ),Iโ€ฒโŠƒJ,YโˆฉDIโ€ฒโ‰ โˆ…I^{\prime}\in Faces(S_{\cal X}),\,I^{\prime}\supset J,\,Y\cap D_{I^{\prime}}\neq\emptyset;

3) the vertex {nโ€‹eโ€‹w}\{new\}.

On can deduce from results [AKMW] the following

Theorem 9

(Weak factorization) Assume that cโ€‹hโ€‹aโ€‹rโ€‹k=0char\,k=0. Then for any two snc models ๐’ณ,๐’ณโ€ฒ{\cal X},\,{\cal X}^{\prime} there exists a finite alternating sequence of simple blow-ups

๐’ณ<๐’ณ1>๐’ณ2<โ‹ฏ<๐’ณ2โ€‹m+1>๐’ณโ€ฒ.{\cal X}<{\cal X}_{1}>{\cal X}_{2}<\dots<{\cal X}_{2m+1}>{\cal X}^{\prime}\,\,.
Corollary 3

Simple homotopy type of S๐’ณS_{\cal X} does not depend on the choice of a snc model ๐’ณ{\cal X}.

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