ScalingStacks

11.1 Pieces of lines and convergence regions [03WL]

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11.1 Pieces of lines and convergence regions

Definition 13

A neighborhood UU of a point x∈Yx\in Y is convex if there exists an open convex U1∈Tx​Y,0∈U1U_{1}\in T_{x}Y,0\in U_{1} which is isomorphic to UU by means of the exponential map expx:Tx​Y→Y\exp_{x}:T_{x}Y\to Y associated with the affine structure on YY.

For x∈Yx\in Y let U⊂U′U\subset U^{\prime} be convex neighborhoods of xx such that UU is relatively compact in U′U^{\prime}. Let l∈ℒl\in{\cal L}. Then there is a natural embedding fl−1​(U)→fl−1​(U′)f_{l}^{-1}(U)\to f_{l}^{-1}(U^{\prime}).

Definition 14

A piece of ll defined by the pair (U,U′)(U,U^{\prime}) is an element of the image of the set of connected components π0​(fl−1​(U))\pi_{0}(f_{l}^{-1}(U)) into π0​(fl−1​(U′))\pi_{0}(f_{l}^{-1}(U^{\prime})) under the above embedding.

In plain words a piece LL of ll is an equivalence class of a connected interval of l∩Ul\cap U. Two connected intervals are equivalent if they are contained in a larger connected interval of l∩U′l\cap U^{\prime}. The sole purpose of the introduction of the notion of a piece is to avoid some pathology. Namely, for any pair (U,U′)(U,U^{\prime}) as above, any l∈ℒl\in{\cal L} and any T∈𝐑>0T\in{\bf R}_{>0}, there is only a finite number of pieces of ll in (U,U′)(U,U^{\prime}) which have points with time parameter t∈(0,T)t\in(0,T).

Let LL be a piece of ll defined by a pair (U,U′)(U,U^{\prime}). Then one can define an affine function o​r​dL∈A​f​f𝐙,Y​(U′)ord_{L}\in Aff_{{\bf Z},Y}(U^{\prime}) in the following way. Let t>0t>0 be such that fl​(t)f_{l}(t) belongs to LL. Since U′U^{\prime} is convex, there is a unique continuation of o​r​dl​(t)ord_{l}(t) to U′U^{\prime}. This is an affine function which does not depend on the choice of tt. We will denote it by o​r​dLord_{L}.

For any germ of a symplectomorphism φ∈S​y​m​pp\varphi\in Symp_{p} at a point p∈Yp\in Y we define its convergence region as the maximal convex subset Ω⁡(φ)⊂Tp​Y\Omega(\varphi)\subset T_{p}Y such that the pullback expp∗⁡(φ)\exp_{p}^{\ast}(\varphi) extends to Ω⁡(φ)\Omega(\varphi). Since the definition of φl\varphi_{l} (and hence its convergence region) is covariant with respect to the affine connection we have the following result:

Proposition 5

Let p=fl​(t)p=f_{l}(t) belongs to a line ll. Then the convergence region of φl​(t)\varphi_{l}(t) at pp contains an open half-plane Pl,tP_{l,t}.

It is clear that one can define convergence regions for symplectomorphisms associated with pieces of lines, and a similar property holds for them.

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