ScalingStacks

9.3 Example: gradient lines [03WA]

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9.3 Example: gradient lines

Here we offer a construction of the set of lines satisfying the above axioms.

Let us use the standard ๐‘2{\bf R}^{2} as a model around each bโˆˆBsโ€‹iโ€‹nโ€‹gb\in B^{sing} in order to fix a structure of smooth manifold on the whole surface BB. Let Y~\widetilde{Y} denotes the covering of YY such that the fiber over yโˆˆYy\in Y is (Tyโˆ—โ€‹Y)๐™โˆ–{0}(T_{y}^{\ast}Y)^{{\bf Z}}\setminus\{0\}.

Let us fix a generic smooth metric on BB. By the pull-back it gives a metric on Y~\widetilde{Y}. Notice that there is a canonical closed 11-form ฮฒ\beta on Y~\widetilde{Y} such that ฮฒ|(y,ฮผ)=ฮผ\beta_{|(y,\mu)}=\mu, where yโˆˆY,ฮผโˆˆ(Tyโˆ—โ€‹Y)๐™y\in Y,\,\,\mu\in(T_{y}^{\ast}Y)^{{\bf Z}}. Using the metric we obtain dual to ฮฒ\beta gradient vector field vv on Y~\widetilde{Y}.

For any sโˆˆBsโ€‹iโ€‹nโ€‹gs\in B^{sing} and a choice of 1-form ฮฑโก(0)=ยฑdโ€‹y\alpha(0)=\pm dy in local coordinates, we take the unique integral line of vv starting at (s,ฮฑโก(0))(s,\alpha(0)). Set โ„’iโ€‹n{\cal L}_{in} will be the set of all lines obtained in this way. Each line lโˆˆโ„’iโ€‹nl\in{\cal L}_{in} carries a covariantly constant closed 11-form ฮฑl\alpha_{l}. Using Axiom 2 as a definition, we obtain a canonical parametrization of each line by the time parameter tt. Since the metric is generic, a line cannot return to a point in Bsโ€‹iโ€‹nโ€‹gB^{sing}.

Then we proceed inductively. If two already constructed lines l1,l2โˆˆโ„’l_{1},l_{2}\in{\cal L} meet at xโˆˆYx\in Y we produce a new integral line ll of vv with the direction covector satisfying the condition 3b) for any pair of coprime positive integers n1,n2n_{1},n_{2}. In this way we construct a set of lines โ„’{\cal L} satisfying all the axioms. The only non-trivial thing to check is that for each line values of the parameter tt are in one-to-one correspondence with the interval (0,+โˆž)(0,+\infty). In order to see this we observe that the length of each line is infinite. Indeed, an integral curve of vv cannot have a limiting point in YY (since the flow generated by vv is smooth, and the lengths of tangent vectors are bounded from below because of the integrality of 11-forms).

We conclude that there exists a set โ„’{\cal L} of lines satisfying Axioms 1-7.

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