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8.3 Homological mirror symmetry for abelian varieties [03SX]

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8.3 Homological mirror symmetry for abelian varieties

The whole approach here is parallel to the one from Section 6, so we will omit the details. In the previous subsection we defined the semigroup ψt\psi^{t} acting on the sections with compact support Γc​(P⁡(L1,L2),H​o​m¯a​l​g​(E1,E2))\Gamma_{c}(P(L_{1},L_{2}),\underline{Hom}^{alg}(E_{1},E_{2})). This action corresponds to the action of the semigroup ϕt\phi^{t} on the space of morphisms H​o​m𝒞⁡(Y)​(E1,E2)Hom_{{\cal C}(Y)}(E_{1},E_{2}). Similarly to the case of Morse theory (Section 6) one proves the following result.

Proposition 11

For any β∈Γc​(P⁡(L1,L2),H​o​m¯a​l​g​(E1,E2))\beta\in\Gamma_{c}(P(L_{1},L_{2}),\underline{Hom}^{alg}(E_{1},E_{2})) there exists a limit in the sense of distributions

ψ∞​(β)=l​i​mt→+∞​ψt​(β)∈Γ⁡(P⁡(L1,L2),𝐂εt​w⊗(ρ^1∗⊗ρ^2)⊗D¯P⁡(L1,L2)′),\psi^{\infty}(\beta)=lim_{t\to+\infty}\psi^{t}(\beta)\in\Gamma(P(L_{1},L_{2}),{{\bf C}}_{\varepsilon}^{tw}\otimes(\widehat{\rho}_{1}^{\ast}\otimes\widehat{\rho}_{2})\otimes\underline{D}_{P(L_{1},L_{2})}^{\prime})\,,

where D¯P⁡(L1,L2)′\underline{D}_{P(L_{1},L_{2})}^{\prime} is the sheaf of distribution-valued differential forms on P⁡(L1,L2)P(L_{1},L_{2}).

The limit is not difficult to describe in terms of the gradient flow generating ψt\psi^{t}. Using the fact that ψt\psi^{t} moves the spectrum of a morphism to −∞-\infty, one can prove similarly to the Section 6 that the limit ψ∞​(β)\psi^{\infty}(\beta) belongs to a finite-dimensional 𝐂ε{{\bf C}}_{\varepsilon}-vector space generated by the distributions corresponding the unstable manifolds Ux⊂P⁡(L1,L2),x∈L1∩L2U_{x}\subset P(L_{1},L_{2}),x\in L_{1}\cap L_{2}. Clearly, the map β↦ψ∞​(β)\beta\mapsto\psi^{\infty}(\beta) extends to the completion with respect to the filtration. It descends to the map α↦ϕ∞​(α)\alpha\mapsto\phi^{\infty}(\alpha), where α∈H​o​m𝒞⁡(Y)​(E1,E2)\alpha\in Hom_{{\cal C}(Y)}(E_{1},E_{2}). The image of ϕ∞\phi^{\infty} belongs to the space isomorphic to H​o​mF​O​(X∨)​((L1,ρ1),(L2,ρ2))Hom_{FO(X^{\vee})}((L_{1},\rho_{1}),(L_{2},\rho_{2})).

We can repeat the arguments from the Morse theory (see Section 6). We define the A∞A_{\infty}-pre-category 𝒞u​n​r​a​m,0​(Y){\cal C}_{unram,0}(Y) similarly to the category D​R0​(Y)DR_{0}(Y) from Section 6. It is A∞A_{\infty}-equivalent to 𝒞u​n​r​a​m​(Y){\cal C}_{unram}(Y). By definition the spaces of morphisms of 𝒞u​n​r​a​m,0​(Y){\cal C}_{unram,0}(Y) are dg-modules over the dg-algebra 𝐂ε​⊗^​Ω0∗{{\bf C}}_{\varepsilon}\widehat{\otimes}\Omega_{0}^{\ast}, where Ω0∗\Omega_{0}^{\ast} is the dg-algebra of germs of differential forms at 0∈𝐑≥00\in{{\bf R}}_{\geq 0}. Compositions of morphisms in 𝒞0​(Y){\cal C}_{0}(Y) are linear with respect to the dg-module structure. Imposing transversality conditions on 𝒞u​n​r​a​m,0​(Y){\cal C}_{unram,0}(Y) to be the same as in F​O​(X∨)FO(X^{\vee}), we obtain an A∞A_{\infty}-equivalent A∞A_{\infty}-pre-category 𝒞u​n​r​a​m,0t​r​(Y){\cal C}_{unram,0}^{tr}(Y).

Using homological perturbation theory (projectors and homotopies are defined by means of the semigroup) similarly to Section 6, we construct an analog of the category D​R0t​r,Π​(Y)DR_{0}^{tr,\Pi}(Y). It is an A∞A_{\infty}-pre-category denoted by 𝒞u​n​r​u​m,0t​r,Π​(Y){\cal C}_{unrum,0}^{tr,\Pi}(Y), with the spaces of morphisms which are completed tensor products of Ω0∗\Omega_{0}^{\ast} with finite-dimensional 𝐂ε{{\bf C}}_{\varepsilon}-vector spaces, spanned by the “smoothenings” of the unstable currents [Ux][U_{x}] (cf. Section 6). By definition, it has the same transversality conditions as the category F​O​(X∨)FO(X^{\vee}), and the spaces of morphisms are naturally quasi-isomorphic to the corresponding spaces of morphisms in F​O​(X∨)FO(X^{\vee}) (compare with the Section 6.6). Similarly to the Section 6 we see that the A∞A_{\infty}-structure on 𝒞u​n​r​a​m,0t​r,Π​(Y){\cal C}_{unram,0}^{tr,\Pi}(Y) is equivalent to the one on F​O​(X∨)FO(X^{\vee}). More precisely, we have a natural map from the space H​o​mF​O​(X∨)​((L1,ρ1),(L2,ρ2))Hom_{FO(X^{\vee})}((L_{1},\rho_{1}),(L_{2},\rho_{2})) (it is defined in terms of the Morse theory) to the space H​o​m𝒞u​n​r​a​m,0t​r,Π​(Y)​(F⁡(L1,ρ1),F⁡(L2,ρ2))Hom_{{\cal C}_{unram,0}^{tr,\Pi}(Y)}(F(L_{1},\rho_{1}),F(L_{2},\rho_{2})) (it is defined in terms of de Rham differential forms on YY). Thus we have defined the mirror symmetry functor FF on morphisms. Let us call the corresponding map νX1,X2\nu_{X_{1},X_{2}} for Xi=(Li,ρi),i=1,2X_{i}=(L_{i},\rho_{i}),i=1,2. The proof of the following proposition is similar to its analog from Section 6.6.

Proposition 12

Let Ei=F⁡(Xi),0≤i≤k,k≥1E_{i}=F(X_{i}),0\leq i\leq k,k\geq 1 be locally free rank one 𝒪Y{\cal O}_{Y}-modules (vector bundles) corresponding to objects Xi=(Li,ρi)∈F​O​(X∨),0≤i≤kX_{i}=(L_{i},\rho_{i})\in FO(X^{\vee}),0\leq i\leq k. Then the formulas for

mkF​O​(X∨):⊗0≤i≤kHom(Ei,Ei+1)→Hom(E0,Ek)[2−k]m_{k}^{FO(X^{\vee})}:\otimes_{0\leq i\leq k}Hom(E_{i},E_{i+1})\to Hom(E_{0},E_{k})[2-k]

coincide (after the extension of scalars from 𝐂ε{{\bf C}}_{\varepsilon} to 𝐂ε​⊗^​Ω0∗{{\bf C}}_{\varepsilon}\widehat{\otimes}\Omega^{\ast}_{0}) with the formulas for

mk𝒞u​n​r​a​m,0t​r,Π​(Y):⊗0≤i≤kHom(Xi,Xi+1)→Hom(X0,Xk)[2−k]m_{k}^{{\cal C}_{unram,0}^{tr,\Pi}(Y)}:\otimes_{0\leq i\leq k}Hom(X_{i},X_{i+1})\to Hom(X_{0},X_{k})[2-k]

when the spaces of morphisms are identified via the maps ν⁡(Xi,Xj)\nu(X_{i},X_{j}).

Thus, A∞A_{\infty}-pre-categories 𝒞u​n​r​a​m,0t​r,Π​(Y){\cal C}_{unram,0}^{tr,\Pi}(Y) and F​O​(X∨)FO(X^{\vee}) are equivalent. By the same arguments as in the Morse theory section we see that 𝒞u​n​r​a​m​(Y){\cal C}_{unram}(Y) and 𝒞u​n​r​a​m,0t​r,Π​(Y){\cal C}_{unram,0}^{tr,\Pi}(Y) are also equivalent. Finally, applying functor FF, we get our main result.

Theorem 4

The full subcategory F​(𝒞u​n​r​a​m​(Y))F({\cal C}_{unram}(Y)) of C⁡(Y)C(Y) is A∞A_{\infty}-equivalent to F​O​(X∨)FO(X^{\vee}).

This is the version of homological mirror symmetry we promised to prove.

Remark 20

If we endow the torus Y=𝐑n/𝐙nY={{\bf R}}^{n}/{{\bf Z}}^{n} with a flat metric and consider only flat Lagrangian subtori in X∨X^{\vee} then all higher compositions in the A∞A_{\infty}-pre-category F​O​(X∨)FO(X^{\vee}) can be written in terms of explicit “truncated theta series” analogous to those considered in [Ko] and [P1] in the case of elliptic curves.

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