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4.3 A ∞ -pre-categories [03R7]

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4.3 A∞A_{\infty}-pre-categories

We start with the notion of non-unital A∞A_{\infty}-pre-category. It allows us to work with ‘‘transversal’’ sequences of objects. 33 3 The notion of “transversality” is purely formal in this section. The choice of the name will become clear after concrete applications in the geometric context, see next sections. Then we will introduce the notion of A∞A_{\infty}-pre-category. It provides us with a replacement of the identity morphisms. Roughly speaking, we will have the identity morphism up to homotopy.

Definition 7

Let kk be a 𝐙{\bf Z}-graded commutative associative ring as before. A non-unital A∞A_{\infty}-pre-category over kk is defined by the following data:

a) A class of objects 𝒞{\cal C}.

b) For any n≥1n\geq 1 a subclass 𝒞nt​r{\cal C}_{n}^{tr} of 𝒞n{\cal C}^{n}, 𝒞1t​r=𝒞{\cal C}_{1}^{tr}={\cal C}, called the class of transversal sequences.

c) For (X1,X2)∈𝒞2t​r(X_{1},X_{2})\in{\cal C}_{2}^{tr} a 𝐙{{\bf Z}}-graded kk-module of morphisms H​o​m​(X1,X2)Hom(X_{1},X_{2}).

d) For a transversal sequence of objects (X0,…,Xn)(X_{0},...,X_{n}), n≥0n\geq 0, a morphism of kk-modules (composition map) mn:⊗0≤i≤n−1Hom(Xi,Xi+1)→Hom(X0,Xn)[2−n]m_{n}:\otimes_{0\leq i\leq n-1}Hom(X_{i},X_{i+1})\to Hom(X_{0},X_{n})[2-n].

It is required that a subsequence (Xi1,…,Xil),i1<i2<…<il(X_{i_{1}},...,X_{i_{l}}),i_{1}<i_{2}<...<i_{l} of a transversal sequence (X1,…,Xn)(X_{1},...,X_{n}) is transversal, and that the composition maps satisfy the same system of equations as for non-unital A∞A_{\infty}-categories. Explicitly:

∑i+j=n+1∑0≤l≤iϵ⁡(l,j)​mi​(a0,…,al−1,mj​(al,…,al+j),al+j+1,…,an)=0\sum_{i+j=n+1}\sum_{0\leq l\leq i}\epsilon(l,j)m_{i}(a_{0},...,a_{l-1},m_{j}(a_{l},...,a_{l+j}),a_{l+j+1},...,a_{n})=0,
where am∈H​o​m​(Xm,Xm+1)a_{m}\in Hom(X_{m},X_{m+1}), and ϵ⁡(l,j)=(−1)j​∑0≤s≤l−1d​e​g​(as)\epsilon(l,j)=(-1)^{j\sum_{0\leq s\leq l-1}deg(a_{s})}.

Definition 8

A functor F:𝒞→𝒟F:{\cal C}\to{\cal D} between non-unital A∞A_{\infty}-pre-categories is given by the following data:

1) A map of classes of objects ϕ:𝒞→𝒟\phi:{\cal C}\to{\cal D}, such that ϕn​(𝒞nt​r)⊂𝒟nt​r\phi^{n}({\cal C}_{n}^{tr})\subset{\cal D}_{n}^{tr}.

2) For any transversal sequence of objects (X0,…,Xn),n≥1(X_{0},...,X_{n}),\,n\geq 1 in 𝒞{\cal C}, a morphism of graded kk-modules

fn:⊗0≤i≤n−1Hom𝒞(Xi,Xi+1)→Hom𝒟(ϕ(X0),ϕ(Xn))[1−n].f_{n}:\otimes_{0\leq i\leq n-1}Hom_{\cal C}(X_{i},X_{i+1})\to Hom_{\cal D}(\phi(X_{0}),\phi(X_{n}))[1-n].

These data satisfy the following property: the sequence fn,n≥1f_{n},n\geq 1 defines an A∞A_{\infty}-morphism ⊕i<jHom𝒞(Xi,Xj)→⊕i<jHom𝒟(ϕ(Xi),ϕ(Xj))\oplus_{i<j}Hom_{{\cal C}}(X_{i},X_{j})\to\oplus_{i<j}Hom_{{\cal D}}(\phi(X_{i}),\phi(X_{j})).

The reader have noticed that we use the summation only over the increasing pairs of indices i<ji<j. It differs from the case of non-unital A∞A_{\infty}-pre-categories. The reason is that we do not require the transversality to be a symmetric relation on objects. It is possible that H​o​m​(X0,X1)Hom(X_{0},X_{1}) exists, but H​o​m​(X1,X0)Hom(X_{1},X_{0}) does not. In the case when all H​o​m′​sHom^{\prime}s are defined, two discussed definitions agree. In particular, a non-unital A∞A_{\infty}-category is the same as a non-unital A∞A_{\infty}-pre-category such that 𝒞nt​r=𝒞n{\cal C}_{n}^{tr}={\cal C}^{n} for any n≥1n\geq 1.

Definition 9

Let 𝒞{\cal C} be a non-unital A∞A_{\infty}-pre-category, (X1,X2)∈𝒞2t​r(X_{1},X_{2})\in{\cal C}_{2}^{tr}. We say that f∈H​o​m0​(X1,X2)f\in Hom^{0}(X_{1},X_{2}) (zero stands for degree) is a quasi-isomorphism if m1​(f)=0m_{1}(f)=0, and for any objects X0X_{0} and X3X_{3} such that (X0,X1,X2)∈𝒞3t​r(X_{0},X_{1},X_{2})\in{\cal C}_{3}^{tr} and (X1,X2,X3)∈𝒞3t​r(X_{1},X_{2},X_{3})\in{\cal C}_{3}^{tr} one has: m2​(f,⋅):H​o​m​(X0,X1)→H​o​m​(X0,X2)m_{2}(f,\cdot):Hom(X_{0},X_{1})\to Hom(X_{0},X_{2}) and m2​(⋅,f):H​o​m​(X2,X3)→H​o​m​(X1,X3)m_{2}(\cdot,f):Hom(X_{2},X_{3})\to Hom(X_{1},X_{3}) are quasi-isomorphisms of complexes.

Definition 10

An A∞A_{\infty}-pre-category is a non-unital A∞A_{\infty}-pre-category 𝒞{\cal C}, satisfying the following extension property:

For any finite collection of transversal sequences S1,…,SmS_{1},...,S_{m} in 𝒞{\cal C} and an object XX there exist objects X+X_{+} and X−X_{-} and quasi-isomorphisms f−:X−→Xf_{-}:X_{-}\to X, f+:X→X+f_{+}:X\to X_{+} such that extended sequences (X−,S1,…,Sm,X+),1≤i≤m(X_{-},S_{1},...,S_{m},X_{+}),1\leq i\leq m are transversal.

Remark 10

Let 𝒞{\cal C} be an A∞A_{\infty}-pre-category. Then partially defined on H⁡(𝒞)=(𝒞,H​o​mH⁡(𝒞)​(⋅,⋅)𝐶𝐿𝑂𝑆𝐸H({\cal C})=({\cal C},Hom_{H({\cal C})}(\cdot,\cdot)) composition m2m_{2} extends uniquely, so that it defines a structure of a category on H⁡(𝒞)H({\cal C}).

Definition 11

Let 𝒞{\cal C} and 𝒟{\cal D} be A∞A_{\infty}-pre-categories over kk. An A∞A_{\infty}-functor F:𝒞→𝒟F:{\cal C}\to{\cal D} is a functor between the corresponding non-unital A∞A_{\infty}-pre-categories such that FF takes quasi-isomorphisms in 𝒞{\cal C} to quasi-isomorphisms in 𝒟{\cal D}.

There is an important notion of equivalence of A∞A_{\infty}-pre-categories (and A∞A_{\infty}-categories). We are planning to provide all the details elsewhere (see [KoS]). For the purposes of present paper we will be using the following definition (which is in fact a theorem in the more general framework).

Definition 12

An A∞A_{\infty}-functor F:𝒞→𝒟F:{\cal C}\to{\cal D} between A∞A_{\infty}-pre-categories is called an A∞A_{\infty}-equivalence functor if:

a) Every object Y∈𝒟Y\in{\cal D} is quasi-isomorphic to an object ϕ⁡(X),X∈𝒞\phi(X),X\in{\cal C}.

b) The functor induces quasi-isomorphisms of non-unital A∞A_{\infty}-algebras of morphisms, corresponding to all transversal sequences of objects.

Definition 13

Two AA-pre-categories 𝒞{\cal C} and 𝒟{\cal D} are called equivalent if there exists a finite sequence of A∞A_{\infty}-pre-categories (𝒞0,…,𝒞n),𝒞0=𝒞,𝒞0=𝒟({\cal C}_{0},\dots,{\cal C}_{n}),\,{\cal C}_{0}={\cal C},\,{\cal C}_{0}={\cal D} such that for every i, 0≤i≤k−1i,\,0\leq i\leq k-1 there exists an A∞A_{\infty}-equivalence functor from 𝒞i{\cal C}_{i} to 𝒞i+1{\cal C}_{i+1} or vice versa.

We suggest the language of A∞A_{\infty}-pre-categories in order to replace more conventional A∞A_{\infty}-categories with strict identity morphisms.

Definition 14

An A∞A_{\infty}-category with strict identity morphisms is a non-unital A∞A_{\infty}-category 𝒞{\cal C}, such that for any object XX there exists an element 1=1X∈H​o​m0​(X,X)1=1_{X}\in Hom^{0}(X,X) (identity morphism) such that m2​(1,f)=m2​(f,1)=fm_{2}(1,f)=m_{2}(f,1)=f and mn​(f1,…,1,…,fn)=0,n≠2m_{n}(f_{1},...,1,...,f_{n})=0,n\neq 2 for any morphisms f,f1,…,fnf,f_{1},...,f_{n}.

An A∞A_{\infty}-category 𝒞{\cal C} with strict identity morphisms is an A∞A_{\infty}-pre-category, because (in the previous notation) we can extend a transversal sequence SS to (X,S,X)(X,S,X), and set X+=X−=XX_{+}=X_{-}=X, f±=1Xf_{\pm}=1_{X}. Another remark is that if 𝒞{\cal C} has only one object, it is an A∞A_{\infty}-algebra with the strict unit. One can try to develop the deformation theory of such algebras along the lines of [KoS1]. The problem is that the corresponding operad is not free, and the standard theory becomes complicated. We hope that the framework of A∞A_{\infty}-pre-categories is appropriate for the purposes of deformation theory of A∞A_{\infty}-categories. The following conjecture gives another evidence in favor of such a generalization of A∞A_{\infty}-categories.

Conjecture 4

Let us define the notion of equivalent A∞A_{\infty}-categories with strict identity morphisms) similarly to the case of A∞A_{\infty}-pre-categories (see above). Then the equivalence classes of A∞A_{\infty}-pre-categories are in one-to-one correspondence with the equivalence classes of A∞A_{\infty}-categories with strict identity morphisms.

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