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7.2 A ∞ -structure on the derived category of coherent sheaves [03SP]

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7.2 A∞A_{\infty}-structure on the derived category of coherent sheaves

There is a sheaf of abelian groups A​fY{Af}_{Y} on YY given by locally affine functions with integral slopes (such functions locally are given by l=c+∑1≤i≤nmi​yil=c+\sum_{1\leq i\leq n}m_{i}y_{i} where mi∈𝐙,c∈𝐑m_{i}\in{{\bf Z}},c\in{{\bf R}}). There is a morphism of sheaves e​x​p:A​fY→𝒪Y∗exp:{Af}_{Y}\to{\cal O}_{Y}^{\ast} given by l↦exp(l):=e−c/ε∏1≤i≤nzimil\mapsto exp(l):=e^{-c/\varepsilon}\prod_{1\leq i\leq n}z_{i}^{m_{i}}.

Let (Y,g)(Y,g) be an AK-manifold (see Section 3.2). We are going to define a characteristic class [g][g] of the metric, which will be an analog of the cohomology class of a Kähler form in complex geometry. Let A​fY⊗𝐑Af_{Y}\otimes{{\bf R}} be a sheaf of all real-valued locally affine functions. For a cover by convex sets (Ui)i∈I(U_{i})_{i\in I} one can choose smooth functions KiK_{i} such that g|Ui=∂2Kig_{|U_{i}}=\partial^{2}K_{i}. Then Ki−Kj∈A​fY⊗𝐑⁡(Ui∩Uj)K_{i}-K_{j}\in Af_{Y}\otimes{{\bf R}}(U_{i}\cap U_{j}), defines a 1-cocycle whose cohomology class we denote by [g]∈H1​(Y,A​fY⊗𝐑)[g]\in H^{1}(Y,Af_{Y}\otimes{{\bf R}}). If the dual affine structure (see Section 3) is integral, we get a class [g][g] in the subgroup H1​(Y,A​fY)/t​o​r​s​i​o​n⊂H1​(Y,A​fY⊗𝐑)H^{1}(Y,Af_{Y})/torsion\subset H^{1}(Y,Af_{Y}\otimes{{\bf R}}). We will call such classes integral. In this case e​x​p​([g])∈H1​(Ya​n,𝒪Y∗)exp([g])\in H^{1}(Y^{an},{\cal O}_{Y}^{\ast}) is the first Chern class of a line bundle on Ya​nY^{an}. By analogy with the Kähler geometry we expect that this line bundle is ample. In the case when (Y,g)(Y,g) is a flat torus, the ampleness can be proven directly (see [BL]).

From now on we assume that [g][g] is integral. Then by GAGA the category of analytic coherent sheaves on Ya​n{Y}^{an} is equivalent to the category of algebraic coherent sheaves on the corresponding algebraic projective variety 𝒴{\cal Y}.

The sheaf 𝒪Y{\cal O}_{Y} admits a resolution Ω^Y∗\widehat{\Omega}_{Y}^{\ast} by a soft sheaf of dg-algebras. Locally, for a small open U⊂YU\subset Y, sections of Ω^Y∗\widehat{\Omega}_{Y}^{\ast} are given by sums α=∑i1,…,inci1​…​in​z1i1​…​znin\alpha=\sum_{i_{1},...,i_{n}}c_{i_{1}...i_{n}}z_{1}^{i_{1}}...z_{n}^{i_{n}} where ci1​…​in=∑jcj,i1​…​ine−λj,i1​…​in/ε,cj,i1​…​in∈Ω∗(U)c_{i_{1}...i_{n}}=\sum_{j}c_{j,i_{1}...i_{n}}e^{-\lambda_{j,i_{1}...i_{n}}/\varepsilon},c_{j,i_{1}...i_{n}}\in\Omega^{\ast}(U) with the same convergence conditions as for the sheaf 𝒪Y{\cal O}_{Y}. Differential is given by the de Rham differential acting on the coefficients cj,i1​…​inc_{j,i_{1}...i_{n}}.

We define a dg-category 𝒞⁡(Y){\cal C}(Y) such as follows. Objects are finite complexes of locally free 𝒪Y{\cal O}_{Y}-modules of finite rank. For any two such complexes E1E_{1} and E2E_{2} we define the space of morphisms as

H​o​m𝒞⁡(Y)​(E1,E2)=Γ⁡(Y,H​o​m𝒪Y​(E1,E2)​⊗^𝒪Y​Ω^Y∗),Hom_{{\cal C}(Y)}(E_{1},E_{2})=\Gamma(Y,Hom_{{\cal O}_{Y}}(E_{1},E_{2})\widehat{\otimes}_{{\cal O}_{Y}}\widehat{\Omega}_{Y}^{\ast}),

where we use the completed tensor product in the r.h.s. Differential and grading on the spaces of morphisms are induced by those on E1,E2,Ω^Y∗E_{1},E_{2},\widehat{\Omega}_{Y}^{\ast}. We will treat 𝒞⁡(Y){\cal C}(Y) as an A∞A_{\infty}-pre-category in which all sequences of objects are transversal and there is no higher compositions except m1m_{1} and m2m_{2}.

For a given projective algebraic variety VV over a field, one can define canonically an equivalence class of A∞A_{\infty}-categories Db​(V)D^{b}(V). It is obtained by the following enhancement of the bounded derived category of coherent sheaves on VV. Objects of this A∞A_{\infty}-category are the same as of the derived category of coherent sheaves. In order to define the space of morphisms between two objects, one replaces them by arbitrary chosen acyclic resolutions by locally free sheaves (e.g. the Godement resolutions) and then takes the global sections of the space of morphisms between resolutions in the category of complexes of sheaves. In this way one obtains a dg-category. In the case of projective varieties over complex numbers, there is an alternative construction in terms of complexes of holomorphic vector bundles and Dolbeault forms. Different choices of resolutions lead to A∞A_{\infty}-equivalent categories. We will loosely denote the (A∞A_{\infty}-equivalence) class of these categories by Db​(V)D^{b}(V).

Using the fact that spaces of morphisms of 𝒞⁡(Y){\cal C}(Y) are resolutions of the corresponding spaces of sheaves of 𝒪Y{\cal O}_{Y}-modules, as well as GAGA theorem, one can prove the following result.

Proposition 8

The category 𝒞⁡(Y){\cal C}(Y) is A∞A_{\infty}-equivalent to Db​(𝒴)D^{b}({\cal Y}), where 𝒴{\cal Y} is the projective algebraic variety corresponding to the analytic space Ya​n{Y}^{an} assigned to YY.

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