8.2 Spectrum of a morphism and the semigroup
Let be locally free
-modules (i.e. vector bundles) corresponding to
objects .
For any and a point
we will define the spectrum of at as a certain
(at most countable) discrete set of real numbers with finite multiplicities.
Let us assume first that are trivial rank one local
systems on , and are unramified coverings of .
For a sufficiently small open set containing we
can write in local coordinates
for smooth functions
.
Restriction to a small
open set of a morphism
can be identified with the infinite series
, where
and
.
We define the
spectrum of at as the set of real numbers
(with multiplicities)
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where the germ of at is not equal to zero.
One can check that is well-defined (i.e. does not depend
on the local trivialization),
and has the only limiting point at .
In the general case of higher rank local systems and Lagrangian
manifolds which are unramified coverings of , we decompose
locally near into the direct sum of
trivial rank one -modules. The spectrum
of a morphism at the point is then defined as the union of the spectra of
morphisms between corresponding line bundles.
Remark 19
One can use instead of the spectrum
an -filtration
on the space of morphisms.
It comes from the filtration on the stalks of sheaves
of morphisms
(completed tensor product)
defined by the condition
.
It is easy to see that belongs to
iff for all one has .
Let us consider a subspace of algebraic morphisms.
It consists of finite sums (both in
and ). It is
dense in the space of all morphisms (analytic functions can be approximated
by Laurent polynomials).
Moreover, the space coincides
with the completion of with
respect to the -filtration introduced above.
There is a -parameter semigroup acting
on .
In local coordinates acts on the coefficients
by moving them along the gradient flow of .
In order to define it globally we need to describe the space
in geometric terms.
It will be done below.
Given two Lagrangian submanifolds
as above, a point , two points
such that ,
we define a set
of homotopy classes of paths
starting at and ending at . Each homotopy class contains a unique
geodesic in the flat metric on the torus.
We define the space .
It carries an obvious topology such that the natural projection
is an unramified covering with countable
fibers.
Using the symplectic form on we define a
closed -form on by the formula
.
Locally on we have: where
are smooth functions.
Then locally on we have: ,
where is a local section of the pullback of the sheaf . Clearly
the function is defined up the adding of a real constant.
Thus obtain an -torsor on .
Using the embedding ,
we get a
-torsor, which defines a local system
of -dimensional -modules over .
Fibers of carry natural
filtrations. Indeed, in a neighborhood of a point
we can choose a smooth function
such that . It defines a local trivialization of
. In this trivialization the filtration
is defined for
by the condition , where
is the valuation. We define a subsheaf
of by the requirement that in a local
trivialization it is a subsheaf of finite sums of exponents.
Notice that there are natural projections .
Having local systems on we define local systems
on as pullbacks with respect to
.
On we define a sheaf
( were defined previously)
such as follows:
,
where
is the sheaf of differential forms.
We endow stalks of with -filtrations
induced by the filtration on and trivial
filtrations on the other tensor factors.
Let denotes the functor of direct image
with compact support. Then
,
where the last tensor factor is the sheaf of de Rham differential
forms on .
We can identify with , and the latter
group naturally acts on homotopy classes of paths .
On the other hand, the group ring of over
can be identified with the ring of Laurent polynomials
.
Let
be the subring of finite sums of exponents.
It is easy to see
that the structure of -module
on the sections of
corresponds to the structure
of -module
on its image under .
Using this observation one can prove
that
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where the isomorphism is induced by the natural
morphism of sheaves
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Here refers
to the functor of sections with compact support.
Using the metric on we assign to the -form a vector
field on . Locally is the generator of the gradient flow of
. It is not difficult to show that there is no trajectory
of the flow which goes to infinity for a finite time. Therefore
the vector field generates a -parameter semigroup acting on .
The following result is easy to prove.
Proposition 9
The -parameter semigroup decreases
the filtration on stalks of points
which do not belong to . More precisely,
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where is an arbitrary point.
Functor is compatible with the filtrations on the stalks
of sheaves and
.
It is easy to see that the completion of
stalks of the former with respect to the filtration
induced from the one on coincides with
. Since the semigroup decreases
the filtration,
the semigroup extends continuously to the completion
with respect to the filtration.
Thus the following proposition holds.
Proposition 10
The action of extends continuously
from to
.