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8 Homological mirror conjecture [03SR]

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8 Homological mirror conjecture

In the previous section we constructed an A∞A_{\infty}-category π’žβ‘(Y){\cal C}(Y) which is A∞A_{\infty}-equivalent to the derived category of coherent sheaves on a Calabi-Yau manifold over the field 𝐂Ρ{{\bf C}}_{\varepsilon}. In this section we are going to construct a chain of A∞A_{\infty}-pre-categories and A∞A_{\infty}-equivalences (as in the Morse case)

π’žu​n​r​a​m​(Y)β†ͺπ’žu​n​r​a​m,0​(Y)β†©π’žu​n​r​a​m,0t​r​(Y)β†©π’žu​n​r​a​m,0t​r,Π​(Y)←F​O​(X∨){\cal C}_{unram}(Y)\hookrightarrow{\cal C}_{unram,0}(Y)\hookleftarrow{\cal C}_{unram,0}^{tr}(Y)\hookleftarrow{\cal C}_{unram,0}^{tr,\Pi}(Y)\leftarrow FO(X^{\vee})

and a functor F:π’žu​n​r​a​m​(Y)β†’π’žβ‘(Y)F:{\cal C}_{unram}(Y)\to{\cal C}(Y) which establishes an equivalence between π’žu​n​r​a​m​(Y){\cal C}_{unram}(Y) and a full subcategory of π’žβ‘(Y){\cal C}(Y). Recall that the Fukaya-Oh category F​O​(X∨)FO(X^{\vee}), as defined in this paper, is also equivalent to a full subcategory of the Fukaya category F⁑(X∨)F(X^{\vee}). Thus, we establish an A∞A_{\infty}-equivalence between full subcategories of the Fukaya category F⁑(X∨)F(X^{\vee}) and of π’žβ‘(Y){\cal C}(Y).

The approach here is similar to the one we used in the case of Morse theory. All the categories in our chain of A∞A_{\infty}-equivalence functors from above will have the same class of objects, i.e. the same as the Fukaya-Oh category.

8.1 Mirror symmetry functor on objects

Here we will define dg-category π’žu​n​r​a​m​(Y){\cal C}_{unram}(Y) and the fully faithful embedding FF of this category to π’žβ‘(Y){\cal C}(Y).

In the Appendix we will explain the conventional picture for the mirror symmetry functor in case of complex numbers. There we will use a kind of Fourier-Mukai transform along fibers of the torus fibration. The kernel of this transform is an analog of PoincarΓ© bundle. If one starts with a local system on a Lagrangian section of p∨:Xβˆ¨β†’Yp^{\vee}:X^{\vee}\to Y then the transform makes from it a smooth bundle on XX with the connection which is flat in the anti-holomorphic directions. In other words, one gets a holomorphic bundle on XX.

These considerations cannot be literally repeated in the non-archimedean case, because β€œholomorphic” considerations do not work. One can obtain the same result in the following way. Let (L,ρ)(L,\rho) be an object of the category F​O​(X∨)FO(X^{\vee}) such that r​a​n​k​(ρ)=1rank(\rho)=1 and the projection Lβ†’YL\to Y is one-to-one map. The manifold LL is locally given by the graph of d​f​(m​o​d​(TY𝐙)∨)df\,(mod\,(T_{Y}^{{\bf Z}})^{\vee}), where ff is a smooth function on YY. To such an object we assign a sheaf of rank one π’ͺY{\cal O}_{Y}-modules F⁑(L,ρ)F(L,\rho). For sufficiently small open UβŠ‚YU\subset Y and chosen f∈Cβˆžβ€‹(U)f\in C^{\infty}(U) the sheaf F(L,ρ)|UF(L,\rho)_{|U} is identified with π’ͺY|U{{\cal O}_{Y}}_{|U}. Change f↦f+lf\mapsto f+l, where l∈A​fY​(U)l\in Af_{Y}(U) leads to the change of the trivialization of F(L,ρ)|UF(L,\rho)_{|U} as 1U↦e​x​p​(l)​ 1U1_{U}\mapsto exp(l)\,1_{U} (here 1U∈π’ͺY​(U)1_{U}\in{\cal O}_{Y}(U) is the identity function). If r​a​n​k​(ρ)rank(\rho) is greater than one, we decompose ρ|U\rho_{|U} for small UβŠ‚YU\subset Y into the sum of rank one local systems and then apply the construction. Analogously, if the covering Lβ†’YL\to Y has more than one leaf, we apply the previous construction to each leaf of the covering and then take the direct sum.

We will loosely call FF the mirror symmetry functor on objects. The category π’žu​n​r​a​m​(Y){\cal C}_{unram}(Y) is defined as the dg-category whose class of objects is O​b​(F​O​(X∨))Ob(FO(X^{\vee})), and the spaces of morphisms are

H​o​mπ’žu​n​r​a​m​(Y)​((L1,ρ1),(L2,ρ2)):=H​o​mπ’žβ‘(Y)​(F⁑((L1,ρ1),F⁑(L2,ρ2))CLOSEHom_{{\cal C}_{unram}(Y)}((L_{1},\rho_{1}),(L_{2},\rho_{2})):=Hom_{{\cal C}(Y)}(F((L_{1},\rho_{1}),F(L_{2},\rho_{2}))

The functor FF on morphisms is defined in the obvious way, as the identity map.

8.2 Spectrum of a morphism and the semigroup

Let Ei=F(Li,ρi),i=1,2E_{i}=F(L_{i},\rho_{i}),i=1,2 be locally free π’ͺY{\cal O}_{Y}-modules (i.e. vector bundles) corresponding to objects (Li,ρi)∈FO(X∨),i=1,2(L_{i},\rho_{i})\in FO(X^{\vee}),i=1,2. For any α∈H​o​mπ’žβ‘(Y)​(E1,E2)\alpha\in Hom_{{\cal C}(Y)}(E_{1},E_{2}) and a point y∈Yy\in Y we will define the spectrum of Ξ±\alpha at yy as a certain (at most countable) discrete set of real numbers with finite multiplicities.

Let us assume first that ρi,i=1,2\rho_{i},i=1,2 are trivial rank one local systems on Li,i=1,2L_{i},i=1,2, and Li,i=1,2L_{i},i=1,2 are unramified coverings of YY. For a sufficiently small open set UU containing yy we can write in local coordinates Li=graph(dfi)(mod(TY𝐙)∨),i=1,2L_{i}=graph(df_{i})\,(mod\,(T_{Y}^{{\bf Z}})^{\vee}),i=1,2 for smooth functions fi:Y→𝐑,i=1,2f_{i}:Y\to{{\bf R}},i=1,2. Restriction to a small open set UU of a morphism α∈H​o​mπ’žβ‘(Y)​(E1,E2)​(U)=Ξ©^Yβˆ—β€‹(U)\alpha\in Hom_{{\cal C}(Y)}(E_{1},E_{2})(U)=\widehat{\Omega}_{Y}^{\ast}(U) can be identified with the infinite series Ξ±=βˆ‘i1,…,inci1​…​in​z1i1​…​znin\alpha=\sum_{i_{1},...,i_{n}}c_{i_{1}...i_{n}}z_{1}^{i_{1}}...z_{n}^{i_{n}}, where ci1​…​in=βˆ‘jcj,i1​…​ineβˆ’Ξ»j,i1​…​in/Ξ΅c_{i_{1}...i_{n}}=\sum_{j}c_{j,i_{1}...i_{n}}e^{-\lambda_{j,i_{1}...i_{n}}/\varepsilon} and cj,i1​…​in∈ΩYβˆ—β€‹(U)c_{j,i_{1}...i_{n}}\in{\Omega}_{Y}^{\ast}(U).

We define the spectrum of α\alpha at y∈Uy\in U as the set of real numbers (with multiplicities)

S​py​(Ξ±)={βˆ’Ξ»j,i1​…​in+βˆ‘1≀k≀nik​yk+f1​(y)βˆ’f2​(y)},Sp_{y}(\alpha)=\{-\lambda_{j,i_{1}...i_{n}}+\sum_{1\leq k\leq n}i_{k}y_{k}+f_{1}(y)-f_{2}(y)\}\,,

where the germ of cj,i1​…​inc_{j,i_{1}...i_{n}} at yy is not equal to zero. One can check that S​py​(Ξ±)Sp_{y}(\alpha) is well-defined (i.e. does not depend on the local trivialization), and has the only limiting point at s=βˆ’βˆžs=-\infty.

In the general case of higher rank local systems and Lagrangian manifolds which are unramified coverings of YY, we decompose Ei,i=1,2E_{i},i=1,2 locally near y∈Yy\in Y into the direct sum of trivial rank one π’ͺY{\cal O}_{Y}-modules. The spectrum of a morphism at the point yy is then defined as the union of the spectra of morphisms between corresponding line bundles.

Remark 19

One can use instead of the spectrum an 𝐑{{\bf R}}-filtration
H​o​mπ’žβ‘(Y)​(E1,E2)≀sHom_{{\cal C}(Y)}(E_{1},E_{2})^{\leq s} on the space of morphisms. It comes from the filtration on the stalks of sheaves of morphisms H​o​mΒ―π’ͺY​(E1,E2)β€‹βŠ—^​Ω^Yβˆ—\underline{Hom}_{{\cal O}_{Y}}(E_{1},E_{2})\widehat{\otimes}\widehat{\Omega}_{Y}^{\ast} (completed tensor product) defined by the condition {βˆ’Ξ»j,i1​…​in+βˆ‘1≀k≀nik​yk+f1​(y)βˆ’f2​(y)}≀s\{-\lambda_{j,i_{1}...i_{n}}+\sum_{1\leq k\leq n}i_{k}y_{k}+f_{1}(y)-f_{2}(y)\}\leq s. It is easy to see that Ξ±\alpha belongs to H​o​mπ’žβ‘(Y)​(E1,E2)≀sHom_{{\cal C}(Y)}(E_{1},E_{2})^{\leq s} iff for all y∈Yy\in Y one has Spy(Ξ±)βŠ‚(βˆ’βˆž,s]Sp_{y}(\alpha)\subset(-\infty,s].

Let us consider a subspace H​o​mπ’žβ‘(Y)a​l​g​(E1,E2)βŠ‚H​o​mπ’žβ‘(Y)​(E1,E2)Hom_{{\cal C}(Y)}^{alg}(E_{1},E_{2})\subset Hom_{{\cal C}(Y)}(E_{1},E_{2}) of algebraic morphisms. It consists of finite sums (both in ziz_{i} and eβˆ’Ξ»j,i1​…​in/Ξ΅e^{-\lambda_{j,i_{1}...i_{n}}/\varepsilon}). It is dense in the space of all morphisms (analytic functions can be approximated by Laurent polynomials). Moreover, the space H​o​mπ’žβ‘(Y)​(E1,E2)Hom_{{\cal C}(Y)}(E_{1},E_{2}) coincides with the completion of H​o​mπ’žβ‘(Y)a​l​g​(E1,E2)Hom_{{\cal C}(Y)}^{alg}(E_{1},E_{2}) with respect to the 𝐑{{\bf R}}-filtration introduced above.

There is a 11-parameter semigroup Ο•t,tβ‰₯0\phi^{t},t\geq 0 acting on H​o​mπ’žβ‘(Y)a​l​g​(E1,E2)Hom_{{\cal C}(Y)}^{alg}(E_{1},E_{2}). In local coordinates Ο•t\phi^{t} acts on the coefficients cj,i1​…​inc_{j,i_{1}...i_{n}} by moving them along the gradient flow of f1βˆ’f2f_{1}-f_{2}. In order to define it globally we need to describe the space H​o​mπ’žβ‘(Y)a​l​g​(E1,E2)Hom_{{\cal C}(Y)}^{alg}(E_{1},E_{2}) in geometric terms. It will be done below.

Given two Lagrangian submanifolds LiβŠ‚X∨,i=1,2L_{i}\subset X^{\vee},i=1,2 as above, a point y∈Yy\in Y, two points xi∈Li,i=1,2x_{i}\in L_{i},i=1,2 such that pβˆ¨β€‹(xi)=yp^{\vee}(x_{i})=y, we define a set P⁑(L1,L2,y)P(L_{1},L_{2},y) of homotopy classes of paths γ∈(p∨)βˆ’1​(y)\gamma\in(p^{\vee})^{-1}(y) starting at x1x_{1} and ending at x2x_{2}. Each homotopy class contains a unique geodesic in the flat metric on the torus. We define the space P(L1,L2)=βŠ”y∈YP(L1,L2,y)P(L_{1},L_{2})=\sqcup_{y\in Y}P(L_{1},L_{2},y). It carries an obvious topology such that the natural projection Ο€:P⁑(L1,L2)β†’Y\pi:P(L_{1},L_{2})\to Y is an unramified covering with countable fibers. Using the symplectic form Ο‰\omega on X∨X^{\vee} we define a closed 11-form ΞΌ\mu on P⁑(L1,L2)P(L_{1},L_{2}) by the formula ΞΌ=βˆ«Ξ³Ο‰\mu=\int_{\gamma}\omega. Locally on YY we have: Li=dfi(mod(TY𝐙)∨),i=1,2L_{i}=df_{i}(mod\,(T_{Y}^{{\bf Z}})^{\vee}),i=1,2 where fi:Y→𝐑f_{i}:Y\to{{\bf R}} are smooth functions. Then locally on P⁑(L1,L2)P(L_{1},L_{2}) we have: ΞΌ=d⁑(f1βˆ’f2+l)\mu=d(f_{1}-f_{2}+l), where ll is a local section of the pullback of the sheaf A​f​fYAff_{Y}. Clearly the function ll is defined up the adding of a real constant. Thus obtain an 𝐑{{\bf R}}-torsor on P⁑(L1,L2)P(L_{1},L_{2}). Using the embedding π‘β†’π‚Ξ΅βˆ—{{\bf R}}\to{{\bf C}}_{\varepsilon}^{\ast}, λ↦e​x​p​(Ξ»/Ξ΅)\lambda\mapsto exp(\lambda/\varepsilon) we get a π‚Ξ΅βˆ—{{\bf C}}_{\varepsilon}^{\ast}-torsor, which defines a local system 𝐂Ρt​w{{\bf C}}_{\varepsilon}^{tw} of 11-dimensional 𝐂Ρ{{\bf C}}_{\varepsilon}-modules over P⁑(L1,L2)P(L_{1},L_{2}). Fibers of 𝐂Ρt​w{{\bf C}}_{\varepsilon}^{tw} carry natural filtrations. Indeed, in a neighborhood of a point (x1,x2,Ξ³,y)∈P⁑(L1,L2)(x_{1},x_{2},\gamma,y)\in P(L_{1},L_{2}) we can choose a smooth function f=f1βˆ’f2+lf=f_{1}-f_{2}+l such that ΞΌ=d​f\mu=df. It defines a local trivialization of 𝐂Ρt​w{{\bf C}}_{\varepsilon}^{tw}. In this trivialization the filtration is defined for hβˆˆπ‚Ξ΅h\in{{\bf C}}_{\varepsilon} by the condition v⁑(h)​(y)+f⁑(y)≀s,sβˆˆπ‘v(h)(y)+f(y)\leq s,s\in{{\bf R}}, where vv is the valuation. We define a subsheaf 𝐂Ρt​w,a​l​g{{\bf C}}_{\varepsilon}^{tw,alg} of 𝐂Ρt​w{{\bf C}}_{\varepsilon}^{tw} by the requirement that in a local trivialization it is a subsheaf of finite sums of exponents.

Notice that there are natural projections pri:P(L1,L2)β†’Li,i=1,2pr_{i}:P(L_{1},L_{2})\to L_{i},i=1,2. Having local systems ρi\rho_{i} on Li,i=1,2L_{i},i=1,2 we define local systems ρ^i,i=1,2\widehat{\rho}_{i},i=1,2 on P⁑(L1,L2)P(L_{1},L_{2}) as pullbacks with respect to p​ri,i=1,2pr_{i},i=1,2.

On P⁑(L1,L2)P(L_{1},L_{2}) we define a sheaf H​o​mΒ―a​l​g​(E1,E2)\underline{Hom}^{alg}(E_{1},E_{2}) (Ei,i=1,2E_{i},i=1,2 were defined previously) such as follows: H​o​mΒ―a​l​g​(E1,E2)=𝐂Ρt​w,a​l​gβŠ—(ρ^1)βˆ—βŠ—Ο^2βŠ—Ξ©Β―P⁑(L1,L2)βˆ—\underline{Hom}^{alg}(E_{1},E_{2})={{\bf C}}_{\varepsilon}^{tw,alg}\otimes(\widehat{\rho}_{1})^{\ast}\otimes\widehat{\rho}_{2}\otimes\underline{\Omega}_{P(L_{1},L_{2})}^{\ast}, where Ω¯P⁑(L1,L2)βˆ—\underline{\Omega}_{P(L_{1},L_{2})}^{\ast} is the sheaf of differential forms. We endow stalks of H​o​mΒ―a​l​g​(E1,E2)\underline{Hom}^{alg}(E_{1},E_{2}) with 𝐑{{\bf R}}-filtrations induced by the filtration on 𝐂Ρt​w{{\bf C}}_{\varepsilon}^{tw} and trivial filtrations on the other tensor factors.

Let Ο€!\pi_{!} denotes the functor of direct image with compact support. Then Ο€!(H​o​mΒ―a​l​g(E1,E2))=Ο€!(𝐂Ρt​wβŠ—Ο^1βˆ—βŠ—Ο^2)βŠ—Ξ©Β―Yβˆ—\pi_{!}(\underline{Hom}^{alg}(E_{1},E_{2}))=\pi_{!}({{\bf C}}_{\varepsilon}^{tw}\otimes\widehat{\rho}_{1}^{\ast}\otimes\widehat{\rho}_{2})\otimes\underline{\Omega}_{Y}^{\ast}, where the last tensor factor is the sheaf of de Rham differential forms on YY.

We can identify 𝐙n{{\bf Z}}^{n} with H1​(Tn,𝐙)H_{1}(T^{n},{{\bf Z}}), and the latter group naturally acts on homotopy classes of paths Ξ³\gamma. On the other hand, the group ring of 𝐙n{{\bf Z}}^{n} over 𝐂Ρ{{\bf C}}_{\varepsilon} can be identified with the ring of Laurent polynomials 𝐂Ρ​[z1Β±1,…,znΒ±1]{{\bf C}}_{\varepsilon}[z_{1}^{\pm 1},...,z_{n}^{\pm 1}]. Let 𝐂Ρa​l​gβŠ‚π‚Ξ΅{{\bf C}}_{\varepsilon}^{alg}\subset{{\bf C}}_{\varepsilon} be the subring of finite sums of exponents. It is easy to see that the structure of 𝐂Ρa​l​g​[𝐙n]{{\bf C}}_{\varepsilon}^{alg}[{{\bf Z}}^{n}]-module on the sections of H​o​mΒ―a​l​g​(E1,E2)\underline{Hom}^{alg}(E_{1},E_{2}) corresponds to the structure of 𝐂Ρa​l​g​[z1Β±1,…,znΒ±1]{{\bf C}}_{\varepsilon}^{alg}[z_{1}^{\pm 1},...,z_{n}^{\pm 1}]-module on its image under Ο€!\pi_{!}. Using this observation one can prove that

Homπ’žβ‘(Y)a​l​g(E1,E2)≃Γ(Y,Ο€!(H​o​mΒ―a​l​g(E1,E2)))=Ξ“c(P(L1,L2),H​o​mΒ―a​l​g(E1,E2)),Hom_{{\cal C}(Y)}^{alg}(E_{1},E_{2})\simeq\Gamma(Y,\pi_{!}(\underline{Hom}^{alg}(E_{1},E_{2})))=\Gamma_{c}(P(L_{1},L_{2}),\underline{Hom}^{alg}(E_{1},E_{2})),

where the isomorphism is induced by the natural morphism of sheaves

Ο€!(H​o​mΒ―a​l​g(E1,E2))β†’H​o​mΒ―π’žβ‘(Y)a​l​g(E1,E2).\pi_{!}(\underline{Hom}^{alg}(E_{1},E_{2}))\to\underline{Hom}_{{\cal C}(Y)}^{alg}(E_{1},E_{2})\,.

Here Ξ“c\Gamma_{c} refers to the functor of sections with compact support.

Using the metric on YY we assign to the 11-form ΞΌ\mu a vector field ΞΎ\xi on P⁑(L1,L2)P(L_{1},L_{2}). Locally ΞΎ\xi is the generator of the gradient flow of f1βˆ’f2+lf_{1}-f_{2}+l. It is not difficult to show that there is no trajectory of the flow which goes to infinity for a finite time. Therefore the vector field ΞΎ\xi generates a 11-parameter semigroup ψt\psi^{t} acting on P⁑(L1,L2)P(L_{1},L_{2}). The following result is easy to prove.

Proposition 9

The 11-parameter semigroup ψt\psi^{t} decreases the filtration on stalks of points which do not belong to L1∩L2L_{1}\cap L_{2}. More precisely,

ψt​(H​o​mΒ―pa​l​g​(E1,E2)s)βŠ‚H​o​m¯ψt​(p)a​l​g​(E1,E2)sβˆ’βˆ«0tΞΌ,\psi^{t}(\underline{Hom}_{p}^{alg}(E_{1},E_{2})^{s})\subset\underline{Hom}_{\psi^{t}(p)}^{alg}(E_{1},E_{2})^{s-\int_{0}^{t}\mu},

where p∈P⁑(L1,L2)p\in P(L_{1},L_{2}) is an arbitrary point.

Functor Ο€!\pi_{!} is compatible with the filtrations on the stalks of sheaves H​o​mΒ―π’žβ‘(Y)a​l​g​(E1,E2)\underline{Hom}_{{\cal C}(Y)}^{alg}(E_{1},E_{2}) and H​o​mΒ―a​l​g​(E1,E2)\underline{Hom}^{alg}(E_{1},E_{2}). It is easy to see that the completion of stalks of the former with respect to the filtration induced from the one on H​o​mΒ―a​l​g​(E1,E2)\underline{Hom}^{alg}(E_{1},E_{2}) coincides with H​o​mπ’žβ‘(Y)​(E1,E2)Hom_{{\cal C}(Y)}(E_{1},E_{2}). Since the semigroup ψt\psi^{t} decreases the filtration, the semigroup Ο•t\phi^{t} extends continuously to the completion with respect to the filtration. Thus the following proposition holds.

Proposition 10

The action of Ο•t\phi^{t} extends continuously
from H​o​mπ’žβ‘(Y)a​l​g​(E1,E2)Hom_{{\cal C}(Y)}^{alg}(E_{1},E_{2}) to H​o​mπ’žβ‘(Y)​(E1,E2)Hom_{{\cal C}(Y)}(E_{1},E_{2}).

8.3 Homological mirror symmetry for abelian varieties

The whole approach here is parallel to the one from Section 6, so we will omit the details. In the previous subsection we defined the semigroup ψt\psi^{t} acting on the sections with compact support Ξ“c​(P⁑(L1,L2),H​o​mΒ―a​l​g​(E1,E2))\Gamma_{c}(P(L_{1},L_{2}),\underline{Hom}^{alg}(E_{1},E_{2})). This action corresponds to the action of the semigroup Ο•t\phi^{t} on the space of morphisms H​o​mπ’žβ‘(Y)​(E1,E2)Hom_{{\cal C}(Y)}(E_{1},E_{2}). Similarly to the case of Morse theory (Section 6) one proves the following result.

Proposition 11

For any Ξ²βˆˆΞ“c​(P⁑(L1,L2),H​o​mΒ―a​l​g​(E1,E2))\beta\in\Gamma_{c}(P(L_{1},L_{2}),\underline{Hom}^{alg}(E_{1},E_{2})) there exists a limit in the sense of distributions

Οˆβˆžβ€‹(Ξ²)=l​i​mtβ†’+βˆžβ€‹Οˆt​(Ξ²)βˆˆΞ“β‘(P⁑(L1,L2),𝐂Ρt​wβŠ—(ρ^1βˆ—βŠ—Ο^2)βŠ—DΒ―P⁑(L1,L2)β€²),\psi^{\infty}(\beta)=lim_{t\to+\infty}\psi^{t}(\beta)\in\Gamma(P(L_{1},L_{2}),{{\bf C}}_{\varepsilon}^{tw}\otimes(\widehat{\rho}_{1}^{\ast}\otimes\widehat{\rho}_{2})\otimes\underline{D}_{P(L_{1},L_{2})}^{\prime})\,,

where DΒ―P⁑(L1,L2)β€²\underline{D}_{P(L_{1},L_{2})}^{\prime} is the sheaf of distribution-valued differential forms on P⁑(L1,L2)P(L_{1},L_{2}).

The limit is not difficult to describe in terms of the gradient flow generating ψt\psi^{t}. Using the fact that ψt\psi^{t} moves the spectrum of a morphism to βˆ’βˆž-\infty, one can prove similarly to the Section 6 that the limit Οˆβˆžβ€‹(Ξ²)\psi^{\infty}(\beta) belongs to a finite-dimensional 𝐂Ρ{{\bf C}}_{\varepsilon}-vector space generated by the distributions corresponding the unstable manifolds UxβŠ‚P⁑(L1,L2),x∈L1∩L2U_{x}\subset P(L_{1},L_{2}),x\in L_{1}\cap L_{2}. Clearly, the map Ξ²β†¦Οˆβˆžβ€‹(Ξ²)\beta\mapsto\psi^{\infty}(\beta) extends to the completion with respect to the filtration. It descends to the map Ξ±β†¦Ο•βˆžβ€‹(Ξ±)\alpha\mapsto\phi^{\infty}(\alpha), where α∈H​o​mπ’žβ‘(Y)​(E1,E2)\alpha\in Hom_{{\cal C}(Y)}(E_{1},E_{2}). The image of Ο•βˆž\phi^{\infty} belongs to the space isomorphic to H​o​mF​O​(X∨)​((L1,ρ1),(L2,ρ2))Hom_{FO(X^{\vee})}((L_{1},\rho_{1}),(L_{2},\rho_{2})).

We can repeat the arguments from the Morse theory (see Section 6). We define the A∞A_{\infty}-pre-category π’žu​n​r​a​m,0​(Y){\cal C}_{unram,0}(Y) similarly to the category D​R0​(Y)DR_{0}(Y) from Section 6. It is A∞A_{\infty}-equivalent to π’žu​n​r​a​m​(Y){\cal C}_{unram}(Y). By definition the spaces of morphisms of π’žu​n​r​a​m,0​(Y){\cal C}_{unram,0}(Y) are dg-modules over the dg-algebra π‚Ξ΅β€‹βŠ—^​Ω0βˆ—{{\bf C}}_{\varepsilon}\widehat{\otimes}\Omega_{0}^{\ast}, where Ξ©0βˆ—\Omega_{0}^{\ast} is the dg-algebra of germs of differential forms at 0βˆˆπ‘β‰₯00\in{{\bf R}}_{\geq 0}. Compositions of morphisms in π’ž0​(Y){\cal C}_{0}(Y) are linear with respect to the dg-module structure. Imposing transversality conditions on π’žu​n​r​a​m,0​(Y){\cal C}_{unram,0}(Y) to be the same as in F​O​(X∨)FO(X^{\vee}), we obtain an A∞A_{\infty}-equivalent A∞A_{\infty}-pre-category π’žu​n​r​a​m,0t​r​(Y){\cal C}_{unram,0}^{tr}(Y).

Using homological perturbation theory (projectors and homotopies are defined by means of the semigroup) similarly to Section 6, we construct an analog of the category D​R0t​r,Π​(Y)DR_{0}^{tr,\Pi}(Y). It is an A∞A_{\infty}-pre-category denoted by π’žu​n​r​u​m,0t​r,Π​(Y){\cal C}_{unrum,0}^{tr,\Pi}(Y), with the spaces of morphisms which are completed tensor products of Ξ©0βˆ—\Omega_{0}^{\ast} with finite-dimensional 𝐂Ρ{{\bf C}}_{\varepsilon}-vector spaces, spanned by the β€œsmoothenings” of the unstable currents [Ux][U_{x}] (cf. Section 6). By definition, it has the same transversality conditions as the category F​O​(X∨)FO(X^{\vee}), and the spaces of morphisms are naturally quasi-isomorphic to the corresponding spaces of morphisms in F​O​(X∨)FO(X^{\vee}) (compare with the Section 6.6). Similarly to the Section 6 we see that the A∞A_{\infty}-structure on π’žu​n​r​a​m,0t​r,Π​(Y){\cal C}_{unram,0}^{tr,\Pi}(Y) is equivalent to the one on F​O​(X∨)FO(X^{\vee}). More precisely, we have a natural map from the space H​o​mF​O​(X∨)​((L1,ρ1),(L2,ρ2))Hom_{FO(X^{\vee})}((L_{1},\rho_{1}),(L_{2},\rho_{2})) (it is defined in terms of the Morse theory) to the space H​o​mπ’žu​n​r​a​m,0t​r,Π​(Y)​(F⁑(L1,ρ1),F⁑(L2,ρ2))Hom_{{\cal C}_{unram,0}^{tr,\Pi}(Y)}(F(L_{1},\rho_{1}),F(L_{2},\rho_{2})) (it is defined in terms of de Rham differential forms on YY). Thus we have defined the mirror symmetry functor FF on morphisms. Let us call the corresponding map Ξ½X1,X2\nu_{X_{1},X_{2}} for Xi=(Li,ρi),i=1,2X_{i}=(L_{i},\rho_{i}),i=1,2. The proof of the following proposition is similar to its analog from Section 6.6.

Proposition 12

Let Ei=F⁑(Xi),0≀i≀k,kβ‰₯1E_{i}=F(X_{i}),0\leq i\leq k,k\geq 1 be locally free rank one π’ͺY{\cal O}_{Y}-modules (vector bundles) corresponding to objects Xi=(Li,ρi)∈F​O​(X∨),0≀i≀kX_{i}=(L_{i},\rho_{i})\in FO(X^{\vee}),0\leq i\leq k. Then the formulas for

mkF​O​(X∨):βŠ—0≀i≀kHom(Ei,Ei+1)β†’Hom(E0,Ek)[2βˆ’k]m_{k}^{FO(X^{\vee})}:\otimes_{0\leq i\leq k}Hom(E_{i},E_{i+1})\to Hom(E_{0},E_{k})[2-k]

coincide (after the extension of scalars from 𝐂Ρ{{\bf C}}_{\varepsilon} to π‚Ξ΅β€‹βŠ—^​Ω0βˆ—{{\bf C}}_{\varepsilon}\widehat{\otimes}\Omega^{\ast}_{0}) with the formulas for

mkπ’žu​n​r​a​m,0t​r,Π​(Y):βŠ—0≀i≀kHom(Xi,Xi+1)β†’Hom(X0,Xk)[2βˆ’k]m_{k}^{{\cal C}_{unram,0}^{tr,\Pi}(Y)}:\otimes_{0\leq i\leq k}Hom(X_{i},X_{i+1})\to Hom(X_{0},X_{k})[2-k]

when the spaces of morphisms are identified via the maps ν⁑(Xi,Xj)\nu(X_{i},X_{j}).

Thus, A∞A_{\infty}-pre-categories π’žu​n​r​a​m,0t​r,Π​(Y){\cal C}_{unram,0}^{tr,\Pi}(Y) and F​O​(X∨)FO(X^{\vee}) are equivalent. By the same arguments as in the Morse theory section we see that π’žu​n​r​a​m​(Y){\cal C}_{unram}(Y) and π’žu​n​r​a​m,0t​r,Π​(Y){\cal C}_{unram,0}^{tr,\Pi}(Y) are also equivalent. Finally, applying functor FF, we get our main result.

Theorem 4

The full subcategory F​(π’žu​n​r​a​m​(Y))F({\cal C}_{unram}(Y)) of C⁑(Y)C(Y) is A∞A_{\infty}-equivalent to F​O​(X∨)FO(X^{\vee}).

This is the version of homological mirror symmetry we promised to prove.

Remark 20

If we endow the torus Y=𝐑n/𝐙nY={{\bf R}}^{n}/{{\bf Z}}^{n} with a flat metric and consider only flat Lagrangian subtori in X∨X^{\vee} then all higher compositions in the A∞A_{\infty}-pre-category F​O​(X∨)FO(X^{\vee}) can be written in terms of explicit β€œtruncated theta series” analogous to those considered in [Ko] and [P1] in the case of elliptic curves.

Original mathematics by the credited authors. Source-backed reader collection; mathematical self-containment is not assessed.