5.1 Fukaya category [03RM]
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5.1 Fukaya category
Fukaya category (of a compact symplectic manifold) in the approach presented here will be in fact an -pre-category. Our definition is not given in the maximal generality, but it will be sufficient for the main application to abelian varieties. For more elaborated definitions see [Fu1], [Ko].
Let be a compact symplectic manifold of dimension , such that . The Fukaya category (with the trivial -field) associated with depends on some additional data, which we are going to describe below.
We fix an almost complex structure compatible with and a smooth everywhere non-vanishing differential form , which is -form with respect to . Let be an oriented Lagrangian submanifold. Then one has a map , where is the argument of the non-zero complex number , and is an oriented basis of .
Definition 16
Objects of the Fukaya category
are triples
, where
is a compact oriented Lagrangian submanifold of
(called the support
of the object), is a
local system on (i.e. a complex vector
bundle with flat connection),
and a continuous
lift of .
We require that for any element , the pairing is equal to zero.
We will sometimes denote the Fukaya category by , or simply by . We will also often omit from the notation the lifted argument function, thus denoting an object simply by .
Let be the field consisting of formal series , such that . In the case when , one can in fact work over the field , where . In general we equip with the adic topology: a fundamental system of neighborhoods of zero consists of sets .
Definition 17
For two objects with transversal supports we define the space of morphisms such as follows
Thus morphisms form a finite-dimensional vector space over the field . There is a -grading of the space of morphisms given in terms of Maslov index (see [Fu2], [Ko], [Se]).
Remark 11
The condition is introduced for convenience only. It helps to avoid the problem with the composition we mentioned before. The condition holds in the case when is a torus with the constant symplectic form, and is a Lagrangian subtorus. This is our main application in present paper. In general there is a way to work with non-trivial , if it is small in the adic topology.
Now we are going to describe the -structure. It is defined by means of a collection of maps (higher compositions) of graded vector spaces , where and the sequence corresponds to a transversal sequence of objects (the latter notion will be defined below).
In the case, when all local systems are trivial of rank one, the map is defined such as follows. Let be a standard disc . Let us fix a sequence of supports of objects with pairwise transversal intersections, intersection points , , and . We denote by the set of collections , where are cyclically ordered pairwise distinct points on the boundary , and a pseudo-holomorphic map such that , . Here denotes the arc between and . There is a natural action of on arising from the holomorphic action on by fractional linear transformations. The action is free except of the case , which is not relevant for our purposes.
Let satisfy the condition . Then the matrix element is given by the formula , where sum is taken over all -orbits of points in . Signs are derived from orientations of certain cycles in the moduli space . We will comment on them below (see [Fu1], [Ko] for more details). In the case of non-trivial local systems there is an additional factor for each summand. It corresponds to the holonomies of local system along the arcs.
Now we will describe the transversality condition. Assume that we are given a sequence of objects of the Fukaya category. We say that they are transversal if the following conditions hold:
1) There are only pairwise intersections , and they are transversal.
2) For any subsequence ,
any choice of intersection points
,
such that
, and any ,
the corresponding component of the moduli space
contains only smooth points, and is zero-dimensional.
3) If then the corresponding component is empty.
Let us comment on these conditions. The first one is needed to define morphisms. The quotient set which appears in the second condition locally can be identified with the space of solutions of a non-linear elliptic problem. For the linearized problem the corresponding Fredholm operator has index . We define smooth points of as such points where the cokernel of the Fredholm operator is trivial. Then is a smooth manifold of the dimension equal to the index. Moreover, one checks that the spaces carry natural orientations given by the determinants of the corresponding Fredholm operators. It follows that in the zero-dimensional case what we get is a set of points with multiplicities (in particular, the multiplicities are integer numbers). Multiple covers and stable maps which appear in the definition of Gromov-Witten invariants and produce non-trivial denominators, do not appear in our framework for the Fukaya category. Therefore one can define the Fukaya category over the ring (the integral version of ). The number of points counted with signs gives a tensor coefficient of .
Composition maps satisfy a system of quadratic equations, thus making into a non-unital -pre-category. One can check that it is in fact an -pre-category. Proof of the extension property is based on the following result of Fukaya (see [Fu2], [Se]).
Proposition 2
Let be an object obtained by a small Hamiltonian deformation of an object of . Then and are quasi-isomorphic.
For example, a sequence consisting of one object can be extended to a transversal sequence . Similarly, one can extend any finite set of transversal sequences.
It is easy to see that the set of connected components of the space of pairs (equipped with the natural topology) is a principal homogeneous space over the lattice . Namely, acts on such as follows: . The following theorem can be derived from [Fu2].
Theorem 1
There exists a set of the second category (in the sense of Baire) in the space of almost complex structures compatible with such that Fukaya categories and are equivalent as long as , and is homotopic to .
Therefore the equivalence class of the Fukaya category depends on the connected component of the space of pairs.