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4.6 Dominating model and combinatorial retraction [04Q8]

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4.6 Dominating model and combinatorial retraction

We consider the blow-up hi​j​k​l:𝒲i​j​k​l→𝒳i​j​k​lh_{ijkl}:\mathscr{W}_{ijkl}\rightarrow\mathscr{X}_{ijkl} of the surfaces Sm​m′S_{mm^{\prime}} in lexicographical order with respect to (i,j,k,l,h)(i,j,k,l,h); we denote by Em​m′E_{mm^{\prime}} the corresponding exceptional divisors. The skeleton Sk⁡(𝒲i​j​k​l)\Sk(\mathscr{W}_{ijkl}) consists of the union of the skeleton Sk⁡(X)\Sk(X) with four additional 33-cells for each 2-dimensional face <vm,vm′,vm′′><v_{m},v_{m^{\prime}},v_{m^{\prime\prime}}> of Sk⁡(X)\Sk(X): for each ordered triple m<m′<m′′m<m^{\prime}<m^{\prime\prime}, the union of the additional cells is isomorphic to Sk⁡(𝒱123)\Sk(\mathscr{V}_{123}) in Section 4.3, where we identify v1=vmv_{1}=v_{m}, v2=vm′v_{2}=v_{m^{\prime}} and v3=vm′′v_{3}=v_{m^{\prime\prime}}. The retraction ρ𝒳i​j​k​l\rho_{\mathscr{X}_{ijkl}} collapses the additional faces onto <vm,vm′,vm′′><v_{m},v_{m^{\prime}},v_{m^{\prime\prime}}> as ρ𝒰12∘ρ𝒱12\rho_{\mathscr{U}_{12}}\circ\rho_{\mathscr{V}_{12}}.

Additional 33-cells of Sk⁡(𝒲i​j​k​l)\Sk(\mathscr{W}_{ijkl}) over <vm,vm′,vm′′><v_{m},v_{m^{\prime}},v_{m^{\prime\prime}}>

with a pictorial description of the retraction ρ𝒳i​j​k​l\rho_{\mathscr{X}_{ijkl}}

vm′v_{m^{\prime}}vmv_{m}vm′′v_{m^{\prime\prime}}vm​m′v_{mm^{\prime}}vm​m′′v_{mm^{\prime\prime}}vm′​m′′v_{m^{\prime}m^{\prime\prime}}

Given another order (i′,j′,k′,l′,h′)(i^{\prime},j^{\prime},k^{\prime},l^{\prime},h^{\prime}) on {1,2,3,4,5}\{1,2,3,4,5\}, the skeleton Sk⁡(𝒲i′​j′​k′​l′)\Sk(\mathscr{W}_{i^{\prime}j^{\prime}k^{\prime}l^{\prime}}) coincides with Sk⁡(𝒲i​j​k​l)\Sk(\mathscr{W}_{ijkl}) as subspace of XanX^{\an}; we denote this simply by Sk⁡(𝒲)\Sk(\mathscr{W}). Instead, the triangulation and the retraction depend on the order. Our goal is therefore to construct a model 𝒵\mathscr{Z} which dominates all models 𝒲i​j​k​l\mathscr{W}_{ijkl} regardless of the order, so that all retractions ρ𝒲i​j​k​l\rho_{\mathscr{W}_{ijkl}} factors through ρ𝒵\rho_{\mathscr{Z}}.

Along the same lines of Section 4.3, we define 𝒵\mathscr{Z} as the blow-up of 𝒲i​j​k​l\mathscr{W}_{ijkl} along Dm′∩Em​m′′D_{m^{\prime}}\cap E_{mm^{\prime\prime}} and Em​m′∩Dm′′′E_{mm^{\prime}}\cap D_{m^{\prime\prime}}^{\prime}, for all ordered triples m<m′<m′′m<m^{\prime}<m^{\prime\prime} in the order (i,j,k,l,h)(i,j,k,l,h):

𝒵→for all ​m<m′<m′′blow-up of Dm′∩Em​m′′,Em​m′∩Dm′′′𝒲i​j​k​l→hi​j​k​lblow-up of ​Sm​m′for all ​m<m′𝒳i​j​k​l→gi​j​k​lblow-up of Di,Dj,Dk,Dl𝒳.∪∪∪Em​m′​m′′,Em​m′​m′′′Em​m′Sm​m′\begin{array}[]{ccccccccc}\mathscr{Z}&\xrightarrow[\text{for all }m<m^{\prime}<m^{\prime\prime}]{\begin{subarray}{c}\text{blow-up of }\\ D_{m^{\prime}}\cap E_{mm^{\prime\prime}},E_{mm^{\prime}}\cap D_{m^{\prime\prime}}^{\prime}\end{subarray}}&\mathscr{W}_{ijkl}&\xrightarrow[h_{ijkl}]{\begin{subarray}{c}\text{blow-up of }S_{mm^{\prime}}\\ \text{for all }m<m^{\prime}\end{subarray}}&\mathscr{X}_{ijkl}&\xrightarrow[g_{ijkl}]{\begin{subarray}{c}\text{blow-up of }\\ D_{i},D_{j},D_{k},D_{l}\end{subarray}}&\mathscr{X}.\\ \cup&&\cup&&\cup&&\\ E_{mm^{\prime}m^{\prime\prime}},E^{\prime}_{mm^{\prime}m^{\prime\prime}}&&E_{mm^{\prime}}&&S_{mm^{\prime}}&&\end{array}

We denote by Em​m′​m′′E_{mm^{\prime}m^{\prime\prime}} and Em​m′​m′′′E^{\prime}_{mm^{\prime}m^{\prime\prime}} the corresponding exceptional divisors, and deduce from the local study of these morphisms in Section 4.3 that Sk⁡(𝒵)\Sk(\mathscr{Z}) is obtained from Sk⁡(𝒲)\Sk(\mathscr{W}) by adding a new 33-cell τm​m′​m′′:=<vm​m′,vm​m′′,vm′​m′′,vm​m′​m′′′>\tau_{mm^{\prime}m^{\prime\prime}}:=<v_{mm^{\prime}},v_{mm^{\prime\prime}},v_{m^{\prime}m^{\prime\prime}},v^{\prime}_{mm^{\prime}m^{\prime\prime}}> for each triple m<m′<m′′m<m^{\prime}<m^{\prime\prime}.

We now define the combinatorial retraction of Sk⁡(𝒵)\Sk(\mathscr{Z}) onto Sk⁡(X)\Sk(X): given the 2-cell <vm,vm′,vm′′><v_{m},v_{m^{\prime}},v_{m^{\prime\prime}}>, we identify v1=vmv_{1}=v_{m}, v2=vm′v_{2}=v_{m^{\prime}} and v3=vm′′v_{3}=v_{m^{\prime\prime}} and contract onto <vm,vm′,vm′′><v_{m},v_{m^{\prime}},v_{m^{\prime\prime}}> the additional cells of Sk⁡(𝒵)\Sk(\mathscr{Z}) over <vm,vm′,vm′′><v_{m},v_{m^{\prime}},v_{m^{\prime\prime}}>, via the combinatorial retraction π′=ρ∘κ\pi^{\prime}=\rho\circ\kappa constructed in Section 4.4. With a slight abuse of notation, we still denote this map by π′\pi^{\prime}. By construction, the composition π=π′∘ρ𝒵\pi=\pi^{\prime}\circ\rho_{\mathscr{Z}}

π:Xan→ρ𝒵Sk⁡(𝒵)→combinatorialretractionπ′Sk⁡(X)=∪∪∪over ​Star⁡(vm)′​ ρ𝒳i​j​k​l:π−1​(Star⁡(vm)′)→ρ𝒵Sk⁡(𝒵)→ρ𝒳i​j​k​lStar⁡(vm)′\begin{array}[]{ccccccc}&\pi:&X^{\an}&\xrightarrow{\rho_{\mathscr{Z}}}&\Sk(\mathscr{Z})&\xrightarrow[\begin{subarray}{c}\text{combinatorial}\\ \text{retraction}\end{subarray}]{\pi^{\prime}}&\Sk(X)\\ &\rotatebox[origin={c}]{270.0}{$=$}&\cup&&\cup&&\cup\\ \text{over }\Star(v_{m})^{\prime}\text{\hskip 10.0pt}&\rho_{\mathscr{X}_{ijkl}}:&\pi^{-1}(\Star(v_{m})^{\prime})&\xrightarrow{\rho_{\mathscr{Z}}}&\Sk(\mathscr{Z})&\xrightarrow{\rho_{\mathscr{X}_{ijkl}}}&\Star(v_{m})^{\prime}\end{array}

coincides with ρ𝒳i​j​k​l\rho_{\mathscr{X}_{ijkl}} over Star⁡(vm)′\Star(v_{m})^{\prime} for any order (i,j,k,l,m)(i,j,k,l,m) on {1,2,3,4,5}\{1,2,3,4,5\}. In other words, around each vertex vmv_{m}, the map π\pi is the Berkovich retraction induced by a small resolution 𝒳i​j​k​l\mathscr{X}_{ijkl} of 𝒳\mathscr{X}, where the strict transform of DmD_{m} is isomorphic to DmD_{m}, thus in particular Dm̊⊂Dm\mathring{D_{m}}\subset D_{m} is a torus embedding.

For each 22-dimensional face <vm,vm′,vm′′><v_{m},v_{m^{\prime}},v_{m^{\prime\prime}}> of Sk⁡(X)\Sk(X), we denote by Γm​m′​m′′\Gamma_{mm^{\prime}m^{\prime\prime}} the graph defined in Definition 3.2.1, and its vertices by pm​m′,pm​m′′,pm′​m′′p_{mm^{\prime}},p_{mm^{\prime\prime}},p_{m^{\prime}m^{\prime\prime}} and pm​m′​m′′p_{mm^{\prime}m^{\prime\prime}}. We set

Γ≔⋃m<m′<m′′Γm​m′​m′′.\Gamma\coloneqq\bigcup_{m<m^{\prime}<m^{\prime\prime}}\Gamma_{mm^{\prime}m^{\prime\prime}}.
vm′v_{m^{\prime}}vmv_{m}vm′′v_{m^{\prime\prime}}pm​m′p_{mm^{\prime}}pm​m′′p_{mm^{\prime\prime}}pm′​m′′p_{m^{\prime}m^{\prime\prime}}pm​m′​m′′p_{mm^{\prime}m^{\prime\prime}}

By construction, around any point of Sk⁡(X)∖Γ\Sk(X)\setminus\Gamma, the retraction π\pi is equal to the Berkovich retraction induced by a suitable minimal model 𝒳i​j​k​l\mathscr{X}_{ijkl} of XX. It follows from the results in [NXY19] that π\pi induces an integral affine structure with singularities on Sk⁡(X)\Sk(X). By Theorem B and Corollary C, we obtain that this integral affine structure has no singularities outside Γ\Gamma. We will furthermore prove in the next subsection that this affine structure does not extend across any edge of Γ\Gamma, i.e. is indeed singular along Γ\Gamma.

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