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3.3.3 Dispersion of singularities [04PW]

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3.3.3 Dispersion of singularities

We construct a third singular integral affine structure on Sk⁡(X)\Sk(X) pushing forward the techniques developed so far. This can be viewed as a dispersion of singularieties with respect to the integral affine structure studied in Section 3.3.2: on each edge we pass from one singular point around which the monodromy is (1041)\begin{pmatrix}1&0\\ 4&1\end{pmatrix}, to 44 singular points around each of which the monodromy is (1011)\begin{pmatrix}1&0\\ 1&1\end{pmatrix}. in the literature Such singularities are called focus-focus and are the most standard examples of singularities for ℤ\mathbb{Z}-affine structures in dimension 2. Those arise for instance when considering the hyperkähler rotation of a generic elliptic K3 surface f:S⟶ℂ​ℙ1f:S\longrightarrow\mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}^{1}, with ff an elliptic fibration: the hyperkähler rotation ShkS^{\HK} is a complex surface with same underlying topological space as SS, and hence comes with a map fhk:Shk⟶𝕊2f^{\HK}:S^{\HK}\longrightarrow\mathbb{S}^{2}, induced by ff at the level of topological spaces. The map fhkf^{\HK} is no longer holomorphic, but is a symplectic torus fibration inducing a ℤ\mathbb{Z}-affine structure with 24 focus-focus singularities on 𝕊2\mathbb{S}^{2} and acting as an SYZ fibration for ShkS^{\HK}. We refer the reader to [GW00] for more details.

Let ee be an edge of Sk⁡(𝒳)\Sk(\mathscr{X}), let Ce=De1∩De2C_{e}=D_{e_{1}}\cap D_{e_{2}} be the corresponding stratum curve in 𝒳k\mathscr{X}_{k}. We recall that as the degree four polynomial F4F_{4} is generic, CeC_{e} contains four singular points p1,…,p4p_{1},\ldots,p_{4} of 𝒳\mathscr{X}, which are ordinary double points. Around each pip_{i}, 𝒳\mathscr{X} is étale locally of the form {xy=wt}⊂𝔸R3\{xy=wt\}\subset\mathbb{A}^{3}_{R}, with xx and yy being local equations for De1D_{e_{1}} and De2D_{e_{2}} away from pip_{i}. Blowing-up the singular point pip_{i} yields an exceptional divisor E≃ℙ1×ℙ1E\simeq\mathbb{P}^{1}\times\mathbb{P}^{1}. Contracting one or the other ruling of EE, we obtain two distinct small resolutions of 𝒳/Ce^\widehat{\mathscr{X}_{/C_{e}}} around pip_{i}, respectively with an exceptional curve inside De1D_{e_{1}} or De2D_{e_{2}}.

For j∈{0,…,4}j\in\{0,\ldots,4\}, we denote by 𝒳e,j\mathscr{X}_{e,j} the following small resolution of 𝒳/Ce^\widehat{\mathscr{X}_{/C_{e}}}: around pip_{i} for i⩽ji\leqslant j we consider the small resolution such that the exceptional curve over pip_{i} lies in De1D_{e_{1}}, while for i>ji>j the small resolution such that the exceptional curves lie in De2D_{e_{2}}. The gluing of these local small resolutions is done in the étale topology, so that in general the obtained models are no longer schemes but only algebraic spaces. Nevertheless, 𝒳e,j\mathscr{X}_{e,j} is dominated by 𝒵\mathscr{Z} (defined in Section 3.3.2) and still induces a Berkovich retraction ρ𝒳e,j\rho_{\mathscr{X}_{e,j}}, as described in Section 5. In particular, by Proposition 5.0.4, ρ𝒳e,j\rho_{\mathscr{X}_{e,j}} is an affinoid torus fibration over Star⁡(τCe)\Star(\tau_{C_{e}}).

We construct the following continuous retraction

ρ¯:Xan→ρ𝒵Sk⁡(𝒵)→ρ¯′Sk⁡(X)=Sk⁡(𝒳),\overline{\rho}:X^{\an}\xrightarrow{\rho_{\mathscr{Z}}}\Sk(\mathscr{Z})\xrightarrow{\overline{\rho}^{\prime}}\Sk(X)=\Sk(\mathscr{X}),

where ρ𝒵\rho_{\mathscr{Z}} is the Berkovich retraction onto the skeleton Sk⁡(𝒵)\Sk(\mathscr{Z}), and ρ¯′\overline{\rho}^{\prime} is a retraction of the 24 wings of Sk⁡(𝒵)\Sk(\mathscr{Z}) to the sphere given as follows. We fix four distinct, ordered, interior points ae,1,…,ae,4a_{e,1},\ldots,a_{e,4} of each edge ee. Then the map ρ¯′\overline{\rho}^{\prime} on the wing WiW_{i} attached to ee is defined as the map ρ′\rho^{\prime} of Section 3.3.2, setting ae=ae,ia_{e}=a_{e,i}, for each i∈{1,…,4}.i\in\{1,\ldots,4\}.

Proposition 3.3.3.

The map ρ¯\overline{\rho} is an affinoid torus fibration away from the 2424 points ae,ia_{e,i}. Furthermore, the monodromy of the ℤ\mathbb{Z}-affine structure induced by ρ¯\overline{\rho}, around each singular point, is SL2⁡(ℤ)\SL_{2}(\mathbb{Z})-conjugate to

Tρ¯=(1011).T_{\overline{\rho}}=\left(\begin{matrix}1&0\\ 1&1\end{matrix}\right).
Proof.

Over Int​(τ)\textrm{Int}(\tau) of any 22-dimensional face τ⊂Sk⁡(𝒳)\tau\subset\Sk(\mathscr{X}), ρ¯\overline{\rho} is equal to ρ𝒵\rho_{\mathscr{Z}}, hence is an affinoid torus fibration. Around any vertex vDv_{D}, ρ¯\overline{\rho} is equal to ρ𝒳i​j​k\rho_{\mathscr{X}_{ijk}} for any triple such that D≠Di,Dj,DkD\neq D_{i},D_{j},D_{k}. It follows from Section 3.3.1 that ρ¯\overline{\rho} is an affinoid torus fibration around vDv_{D}. We denote by p0+p∞p_{0}+p_{\infty} the boundary of CeC_{e}, with p0=Ce∩Di0p_{0}=C_{e}\cap D_{i_{0}} and p∞=Ce∩Di∞p_{\infty}=C_{e}\cap D_{i_{\infty}}; we write ae,0=vDe1a_{e,0}=v_{D_{e_{1}}} and ae,5=vDe2a_{e,5}=v_{D_{e_{2}}}, and denote by (⋅,⋅)(\cdot,\cdot) the open segment joining two points. Then, for j∈{0,…,4}j\in\{0,\ldots,4\}, ρ¯\overline{\rho} is equal to ρ𝒳e,j\rho_{\mathscr{X}_{e,j}} over Int​(τp0)∪Int​(τp∞)∪(ae,j,ae,j+1)\textrm{Int}(\tau_{p_{0}})\cup\textrm{Int}(\tau_{p_{\infty}})\cup(a_{e,j},a_{e,j+1}), thus is an affinoid torus fibration. We conclude that ρ¯\overline{\rho} is an affinoid torus fibration away from the points ae,ia_{e,i} for i∈{1,…,4}i\in\{1,\ldots,4\} .

For a singular point ae,ia_{e,i}, we consider a loop γ\gamma around it and contained in Int​(τp0)∪Int​(τp∞)∪(ae,i−1,ae,i)∪(ae,i,ae,i+1)\textrm{Int}(\tau_{p_{0}})\cup\textrm{Int}(\tau_{p_{\infty}})\cup(a_{e,i-1},a_{e,i})\cup(a_{e,i},a_{e,i+1}). We apply Corollary 3.2.4 to compute the monodromy along γ\gamma: the numbers be1,𝒳e,i−1b_{e_{1},\mathscr{X}_{e,i-1}} and be1,𝒳e,ib_{e_{1},\mathscr{X}_{e,i}} differ by 11, as the model 𝒳e,i\mathscr{X}_{e,i} has an additional exceptional curves in De1D_{e_{1}} with respect to 𝒳e,i−1\mathscr{X}_{e,i-1}. Therefore, we obtain

Tρ¯​(γae,i)\displaystyle T_{\overline{\rho}}(\gamma_{a_{e,i}}) =(10be1,𝒳e,i−1−be1,𝒳e,i1)\displaystyle=\left(\begin{matrix}1&0\\ b_{e_{1},\mathscr{X}_{e,i-1}}-b_{e_{1},\mathscr{X}_{e,i}}&1\end{matrix}\right)
=(103−(i−1)−(3−i)1)\displaystyle=\left(\begin{matrix}1&0\\ 3-(i-1)-(3-i)&1\end{matrix}\right)
=(1011)\displaystyle=\left(\begin{matrix}1&0\\ 1&1\end{matrix}\right)
γae,2\gamma_{a_{e,2}}ae,1a_{e,1}ae,2a_{e,2}ae,3a_{e,3}ae,4a_{e,4}v2=ve2=ae,5v_{2}=v_{e_{2}}=a_{e,5}vi∞=v4v_{i_{\infty}}=v_{4}v3=vi0v_{3}=v_{i_{0}}v1=ve1=ae,0v_{1}=v_{e_{1}}=a_{e,0}

with respect to the basis (vDi0,vDe1)(v_{D_{i_{0}}},v_{D_{e_{1}}}) and origin vDe2v_{D_{e_{2}}}. ∎

Note that for a generic family of quartic surfaces X/KX/K, the metric aspects of the Kontsevich-Soibelman conjecture suggest that there should exist a distinguished singular affine structure on Sk⁡(X)\Sk(X) (coming from the Gromov-Hausdorff limit of the family), and hence a canonical choice of interior points ae,ia_{e,i} for each edge. To the authors’ knowledge there does not exist a way to produce such a canonical set of ae,ia_{e,i}’s using non-archimedean techniques.

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