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4.3 Local dominating model [04Q5]

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4.3 Local dominating model

We now introduce the local model for the dominating model π’΅βŸΆπ’³\mathscr{Z}\longrightarrow\mathscr{X} we will construct.
We consider the blow-up of the exceptional surfaces S12,S13S_{12},S_{13} and S23S_{23} one after the other

𝒱123β†’H23blow-up of ​S23𝒱13β†’H13blow-up of ​S13𝒱12β†’H12blow-up of ​S12𝒰12β†’G12∘G1𝒰βˆͺβˆͺβˆͺ↓E23E13E12𝔸t1.\begin{array}[]{ccccccccc}\mathscr{V}_{123}&\xrightarrow[H_{23}]{\text{blow-up of }S_{23}}&\mathscr{V}_{13}&\xrightarrow[H_{13}]{\text{blow-up of }S_{13}}&\mathscr{V}_{12}&\xrightarrow[H_{12}]{\text{blow-up of }S_{12}}&\mathscr{U}_{12}&\xrightarrow[G_{12}\circ G_{1}]{}&\mathscr{U}\\ \cup&&\cup&&\cup&&&&\downarrow\\ E_{23}&&E_{13}&&E_{12}&&&&\mathbb{A}^{1}_{t}.\end{array}

As these surfaces are toric strata of 𝒰12\mathscr{U}_{12}, the blow-ups are toric as well and the corresponding fans are refinements of the fan of 𝒰12\mathscr{U}_{12}. We note that

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    the dual complexes of the special fibers of 𝒰12,𝒱12,𝒱13\mathscr{U}_{12},\mathscr{V}_{12},\mathscr{V}_{13} and 𝒱123\mathscr{V}_{123} are obtained from the slices of the corresponding fans by removing the vertices corresponding to D1β€²D_{1}^{\prime}, D2β€²D_{2}^{\prime} and D3β€²D_{3}^{\prime}, as well as each face containing one of these.

    v2v_{2}v1v_{1}v3v_{3}Sk⁑(𝒰12)=Sk⁑(𝒰)\Sk(\mathscr{U}_{12})=\Sk(\mathscr{U})
    v2v_{2}v1v_{1}v3v_{3}v12v_{12}Sk⁑(𝒱12)\Sk(\mathscr{V}_{12})
    v2v_{2}v1v_{1}v3v_{3}v12v_{12}v13v_{13}Sk⁑(𝒱13)\Sk(\mathscr{V}_{13})
    v2v_{2}v1v_{1}v3v_{3}v12v_{12}v13v_{13}v23v_{23}Sk⁑(𝒱123)\Sk(\mathscr{V}_{123})

    Then Sk⁑(𝒱123)\Sk(\mathscr{V}_{123}) consists of four 33-cells: <v13,v1,v2,v3><v_{13},v_{1},v_{2},v_{3}>, <v13,v1,v2,v12><v_{13},v_{1},v_{2},v_{12}>, <v23,v13,v2,v3><v_{23},v_{13},v_{2},v_{3}> and <v23,v13,v2,v12><v_{23},v_{13},v_{2},v_{12}>; it has only one edge in the interior, which is <v2,v13><v_{2},v_{13}>.

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    The remaining 33-dimensional simplices of the slice of the fan of 𝒱123\mathscr{V}_{123} are

    v2β€²v_{2}^{\prime}v1β€²v_{1}^{\prime}v3β€²v_{3}^{\prime}v12v_{12}v13v_{13}v23v_{23}
    <v12,v1β€²,v2β€²,v3β€²>\displaystyle<v_{12},v_{1}^{\prime},v_{2}^{\prime},v_{3}^{\prime}>
    <v13,v1β€²,v3β€²,v12>\displaystyle<v_{13},v_{1}^{\prime},v_{3}^{\prime},v_{12}>
    <v23,v12,v2β€²,v3β€²>\displaystyle<v_{23},v_{12},v_{2}^{\prime},v_{3}^{\prime}>
    <v23,v13,v3β€²,v12>\displaystyle<v_{23},v_{13},v_{3}^{\prime},v_{12}>
    v2v_{2}v1v_{1}v3v_{3}v2β€²v_{2}^{\prime}v1β€²v_{1}^{\prime}v3β€²v_{3}^{\prime}v12v_{12}v13v_{13}v23v_{23}
    <v1,v1β€²,v12,v13>\displaystyle<v_{1},v_{1}^{\prime},v_{12},v_{13}>
    <v2,v2β€²,v12,v23>\displaystyle<v_{2},v_{2}^{\prime},v_{12},v_{23}>
    <v3,v3β€²,v13,v23>\displaystyle<v_{3},v_{3}^{\prime},v_{13},v_{23}>
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    The Berkovich retractions associated with the models 𝒰12\mathscr{U}_{12}, 𝒱12\mathscr{V}_{12} and 𝒱13\mathscr{V}_{13} map v12v_{12} and v13v_{13} to v1v_{1}, and v23v_{23} to v2v_{2}.

    ρ𝒰12\rho_{\mathscr{U}_{12}} on Sk⁑(𝒱12)\Sk(\mathscr{V}_{12})v2v_{2}v1v_{1}v3v_{3}v12v_{12}
    ρ𝒱12\rho_{\mathscr{V}_{12}} on Sk⁑(𝒱13)\Sk(\mathscr{V}_{13})v2v_{2}v1v_{1}v12v_{12}v13v_{13}
    ρ𝒱13\rho_{\mathscr{V}_{13}} on Sk⁑(𝒱123)\Sk(\mathscr{V}_{123})v2v_{2}v1v_{1}v13v_{13}v23v_{23}
    ρ𝒱12=ρ𝒱12βˆ˜Οπ’±13\rho_{\mathscr{V}_{12}}=\rho_{\mathscr{V}_{12}}\circ\rho_{\mathscr{V}_{13}} on Sk⁑(𝒱123)\Sk(\mathscr{V}_{123})v2v_{2}v1v_{1}v3v_{3}v13v_{13}v23v_{23}

We study more in details the retraction ρ𝒱12\rho_{\mathscr{V}_{12}} near the vertex v3v_{3}, as this will be relevant later in the construction of the local combinatorial retraction (see Eq.Β 4.4.1). We observe that ρ𝒱12\rho_{\mathscr{V}_{12}} collapses the convex hull P⁑(v1,v2,v3,v13,v23)P(v_{1},v_{2},v_{3},v_{13},v_{23}) of v1,v2,v3,v13v_{1},v_{2},v_{3},v_{13} and v23v_{23} onto the face <v1,v2,v3><v_{1},v_{2},v_{3}>. If we identify the skeleton Sk⁑(𝒱123)\Sk(\mathscr{V}_{123}) with the polyhedron in ℝ(x,y,z)3\mathbb{R}^{3}_{(x,y,z)} below, ρ𝒱12\rho_{\mathscr{V}_{12}} on P⁑(v1,v2,v3,v13,v23)P(v_{1},v_{2},v_{3},v_{13},v_{23}) is written explicitly as follows:

(4.3.1) for ​(x,y,z)∈P⁑(v1,v2,v3,v13,v23)βˆ–{v3},ρ𝒱12​((,,,,,))=(x+(1βˆ’t2)​z,y+t2​z,0)where ​t=2​yx+y+1.\displaystyle\begin{split}&\text{for }(x,y,z)\in P(v_{1},v_{2},v_{3},v_{13},v_{23})\setminus\{v_{3}\},\\ &\rho_{\mathscr{V}_{12}}\big((x,y,z)\big)=\Big(x+\left(1-\frac{t}{2}\right)z,y+\frac{t}{2}z,0\Big)\\ &\text{where }t=\frac{2y}{x+y+1}.\end{split}
(1,0,0)=v2(1,0,0)=v_{2}v1=(0,1,0)v_{1}=(0,1,0)v3=(βˆ’1,0,0)v_{3}=(-1,0,0)(12,12,1)=v21(\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2},1)=v_{21}v13=(βˆ’12,12,1)v_{13}=(-\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2},1)(0,0,1)=v23(0,0,1)=v_{23}zzxxyy(12,12,0)(\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2},0)(βˆ’12,12,0)(-\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2},0)(βˆ’14,14,1)(-\frac{1}{4},\frac{1}{4},1)(0,13,0)(0,\frac{1}{3},0)(βˆ’12,16,23)(-\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{6},\frac{2}{3})

The function tt on <v1,v2,v3><v_{1},v_{2},v_{3}> is the slope of the line segment joining the vertex v3v_{3} to t​v1+(1βˆ’t)​v2tv_{1}+(1-t)v_{2} for t∈[0,1]t\in[0,1]. We give a picture of the retraction ρ𝒱12\rho_{\mathscr{V}_{12}} for various values of tt:

(x+z,y,0)(x+z,y,0)t=0t=0
(x+78​z,y+18​z,0)(x+\frac{7}{8}z,y+\frac{1}{8}z,0)t=14t=\frac{1}{4}
(x+34​z,y+14​z,0)(x+\frac{3}{4}z,y+\frac{1}{4}z,0)t=12t=\frac{1}{2}
(x+58​z,y+38​z,0)(x+\frac{5}{8}z,y+\frac{3}{8}z,0)t=34t=\frac{3}{4}
(x+12​z,y+12​z,0)(x+\frac{1}{2}z,y+\frac{1}{2}z,0)t=1t=1

For purposes which will be clear in the construction of the local combinatorial retraction in SectionΒ 4.4, we consider a further toric blow-up. Let H123:𝒒→𝒱123H_{123}:\mathscr{G}\rightarrow\mathscr{V}_{123} be the blow-up along the disjoint toric strata D2∩E13D_{2}\cap E_{13} and E12∩D3β€²E_{12}\cap D_{3}^{\prime}; this yields two new components in the toric boundary, denoted by E123E_{123} and E123β€²E^{\prime}_{123}. It follows that the slice of the fan of 𝒒\mathscr{G} is obtained from the slice of 𝒱123\mathscr{V}_{123} as star subdivision along the edges <v2,v13><v_{2},v_{13}> and <v12,v3β€²><v_{12},v_{3}^{\prime}>.

In particular, the skeleton Sk⁑(𝒒)\Sk(\mathscr{G}) is obtained from Sk⁑(𝒱123)\Sk(\mathscr{V}_{123}) by

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    the star subdivision of the edge <v2,v13><v_{2},v_{13}>, which turns the four 33-cells of Sk⁑(𝒱123)\Sk(\mathscr{V}_{123}) into eight 33-cells;

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    adding an additional 33-cell Ο„=<v12,v13,v23,v123β€²>\tau=<v_{12},v_{13},v_{23},v^{\prime}_{123}>, where we denote by v123β€²v^{\prime}_{123} the new vertex corresponding to E123β€²E^{\prime}_{123}.

v123β€²v^{\prime}_{123}v123v_{123}v2v_{2}v1v_{1}v3v_{3}v12v_{12}v13v_{13}v23v_{23}Sk⁑(𝒒)\Sk(\mathscr{G})

The diagram below summarizes the resolutions of 𝒰\mathscr{U} we constructed and studied so far:

𝒒→H123blow-up ofΒ D2∩E13,E12∩D3′𝒱123β†’H23∘H13∘H12blow-up ofΒ S12,S13,S23𝒰12β†’G12∘G1blow-up ofΒ D1,D2𝒰.βˆͺβˆͺβˆͺE123,E123β€²E12,E13,E23S12,S13,S23\begin{array}[]{ccccccccc}\mathscr{G}&\xrightarrow[H_{123}]{\begin{subarray}{c}\text{blow-up of }\\ D_{2}\cap E_{13},E_{12}\cap D^{\prime}_{3}\end{subarray}}&\mathscr{V}_{123}&\xrightarrow[H_{23}\circ H_{13}\circ H_{12}]{\begin{subarray}{c}\text{blow-up of }\\ S_{12},S_{13},S_{23}\end{subarray}}&\mathscr{U}_{12}&\xrightarrow[G_{12}\circ G_{1}]{\begin{subarray}{c}\text{blow-up of }\\ D_{1},D_{2}\end{subarray}}&\mathscr{U}.\\ \cup&&\cup&&\cup&&\\ E_{123},E^{\prime}_{123}&&E_{12},E_{13},E_{23}&&S_{12},S_{13},S_{23}&&\end{array}

Original mathematics by the credited authors. Source-backed reader collection; mathematical self-containment is not assessed.