ScalingStacks

2.1 Notation and strategy [04NG]

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2.1 Notation and strategy

We set J={0,1,…,n−r}J=\{0,1,\ldots,n-r\} such that Z=∩j∈JDjZ=\cap_{j\in J}D_{j}. Since for every irreducible component DD of 𝒳k\mathscr{X}_{k}, the intersection D∩ZD\cap Z is connected by assumption, this allows us to denote by DlD_{l} with l∈Ll\in L the components of 𝒳k\mathscr{X}_{k} intersecting ZZ transversally along Zl≔Z∩DlZ_{l}\coloneqq Z\cap D_{l}, so that the toric boundary of ZZ is given by ΔZ=∑l∈LZl\Delta_{Z}=\sum_{l\in L}Z_{l}.

Remark 2.1.1.

The dlt assumption on 𝒳\mathscr{X} and the toricness of ZZ ensure that ZZ is smooth, and that (Z,ΔZ)(Z,\Delta_{Z}) is an snc pair. Indeed, the singular locus of ZZ is a union of torus invariant subvarieties (see [CLS11, Proposition 11.1.2]), hence the generic point of a component of the singular locus is the generic point of a stratum of ΔZ\Delta_{Z}. However, (Z,ΔZ)(Z,\Delta_{Z}) is a dlt pair, thus snc at the generic point of each stratum of ΔZ\Delta_{Z}.

Remark 2.1.2.

The smoothness of ZZ and the assumption that the components of 𝒳k\mathscr{X}_{k} are Cartier divisors imply that 𝒳\mathscr{X} is regular at any point of ZZ. Indeed, for any point p∈Zp\in Z and j∈Jj\in J, let zj∈𝒪𝒳,pz_{j}\in\mathcal{O}_{\mathscr{X},p} be a local equation of DjD_{j} at pp. As 𝒪Z,p≃𝒪𝒳,p/(z0,…,zn−r)\mathcal{O}_{Z,p}\simeq\mathcal{O}_{\mathscr{X},p}/(z_{0},\ldots,z_{n-r}) is a regular local ring of dimension rr, (z0,…,zn−r)(z_{0},\ldots,z_{n-r}) can be extended to form a regular system of parameters for 𝒪𝒳,p\mathcal{O}_{\mathscr{X},p}.

We denote by Σ⊂Nℝ\Sigma\subset N_{\mathbb{R}} the fan of ZZ. Its rays are given by ℝ⩾0​ul\mathbb{R}_{\geqslant 0}u_{l} for l∈Ll\in L, with primitive generators ulu_{l}; the maximal cones of Σ\Sigma are in bijection with the set of unordered rr-tuples {i1,…,ir}∈Lr\{i_{1},\ldots,i_{r}\}\in L^{r} such that ∩β=1rDiβ∩Z≠∅\cap_{\beta=1}^{r}D_{i_{\beta}}\cap Z\neq\varnothing. For a maximal cone σ\sigma of Σ\Sigma, we write Lσ≔{l∈L|ul∈σ}L_{\sigma}\coloneqq\{l\in L\,|\,u_{l}\in\sigma\}.

Lemma 2.1.3.

For any maximal cone σ\sigma of Σ\Sigma, we have det((ul)l∈Lσ)=±1.\det((u_{l})_{l\in L_{\sigma}})=\pm 1.

Proof.

The smoothness of ZZ (see Remark 2.1.1) implies that the primitive generators of σ\sigma form a ℤ\mathbb{Z}-basis of NN, which is equivalent to the condition det((ul)l∈Lσ)=±1.\det((u_{l})_{l\in L_{\sigma}})=\pm 1. ∎

Let 𝒩≔νZ/𝒳→𝑝Z\mathcal{N}\coloneqq\nu_{Z/\mathscr{X}}\xrightarrow{p}Z be the normal bundle of ZZ in 𝒳\mathscr{X}, and denote by Z⊂𝒩Z\subset\mathcal{N} the zero section. We write 𝒪𝒳(Dj)|Z=𝒪Z(Fj)\mathcal{O}_{\mathscr{X}}(D_{j})_{|Z}=\mathcal{O}_{Z}(F_{j}) so that 𝒩=⊕j∈J𝒪Z(Fj)\mathcal{N}=\oplus_{j\in J}\mathcal{O}_{Z}(F_{j}). Since any Cartier divisor on ZZ is linearly equivalent to a toric one, for any j=1,…,n−rj=1,\ldots,n-r, there exist integers λj,l\lambda_{j,l} such that

(2.1.4) 𝒪Z(Fj)=𝒪Z(−∑l∈Lλj,lZl).\mathcal{O}_{Z}(F_{j})=\mathcal{O}_{Z}\big(-\sum_{l\in L}\lambda_{j,l}Z_{l}\big).

For j=0j=0 we set λ0,l≔1−∑j∈J∖{0}λj,l\lambda_{0,l}\coloneqq 1-\sum_{j\in J\setminus\{0\}}\lambda_{j,l} and verify that

𝒪Z(F0)=𝒪𝒳(D0−𝒳k)|Z=𝒪Z(−∑j∈J∖{0}Fj−∑l∈LZl)=𝒪Z(−∑l∈Lλ0,lZl).\displaystyle\mathcal{O}_{Z}(F_{0})=\mathcal{O}_{\mathscr{X}}(D_{0}-\mathscr{X}_{k})_{|Z}=\mathcal{O}_{Z}\Big(-\sum_{j\in J\setminus\{0\}}F_{j}-\sum_{l\in L}Z_{l}\Big)=\mathcal{O}_{Z}(-\sum_{l\in L}\lambda_{0,l}Z_{l}).

We obtain that 𝒩=⊕j∈J𝒪Z(−∑l∈Lλj,lZl)\mathcal{N}=\oplus_{j\in J}\mathcal{O}_{Z}\big(-\sum_{l\in L}\lambda_{j,l}Z_{l}\big) and for all ll in LL

(2.1.5) ∑j∈Jλj,l=1.\sum_{j\in J}\lambda_{j,l}=1.

The normal bundle 𝒩\mathcal{N} is a toric variety of dimension n+1n+1. The corresponding fan Σ^\hat{\Sigma} lies in Nℝ×ℝJN_{\mathbb{R}}\times\mathbb{R}^{J} and consists of the following cones and their faces (see [CLS11, §7.3] for a reference). Let e0,…,en−re_{0},\ldots,e_{n-r} be the standard basis of ℝJ\mathbb{R}^{J}; given a cone σ∈Σ\sigma\in\Sigma, we have

σ^=Cone​((0,e0),…,(0,en−r),(ul,(λj,l))|ul∈σ)∈Σ^.\hat{\sigma}=\textrm{Cone}((0,e_{0}),\ldots,(0,e_{n-r}),(u_{l},(\lambda_{j,l}))\,|\,u_{l}\in\sigma)\in\hat{\Sigma}.

In particular, we denote the rays of Σ^\hat{\Sigma} by

vj=(0,ej)​ for ​j∈J,vl=(ul,(λj,l))​ for ​l∈L.v_{j}=(0,e_{j})\textrm{ for }j\in J,\quad v_{l}=(u_{l},(\lambda_{j,l}))\textrm{ for }l\in L.
Proposition 2.1.6.

For any 1-dimensional toric stratum C⊆ZC\subseteq Z

(2.1.7) ∑j∈J(C⋅Dj)​vj+∑l∈L(C⋅Dl)​vl=0​in​Nℝ×ℝJ.\sum_{j\in J}(C\cdot D_{j})v_{j}+\sum_{l\in L}(C\cdot D_{l})v_{l}=0\;\text{in}\;N_{\mathbb{R}}\times\mathbb{R}^{J}.
Proof.

The relation in Eq. 2.1.7 boils down to the two following:

{∑l∈L(C⋅Dl)​ul=0(C⋅Dj)+∑l∈Lλj,l​(C⋅Dl)=0.\begin{cases}\sum_{l\in L}(C\cdot D_{l})u_{l}=0\\ (C\cdot D_{j})+\sum_{l\in L}\lambda_{j,l}(C\cdot D_{l})=0.\\ \end{cases}

The first one follows directly from Eq. 1.2.4 in the fan Σ\Sigma of ZZ; the second comes from the construction of λl\lambda_{l}, and in particular from C⋅Dj=C⋅Fj=−C⋅∑l∈Lλj,lZlC\cdot D_{j}=C\cdot F_{j}=-C\cdot\sum_{l\in L}\lambda_{j,l}Z_{l}. ∎

The map

ord⁡(t):Nℝ×ℝJ→ℝ⩾0(u,w)↦∑j=0n−rwj\ord(t):N_{\mathbb{R}}\times\mathbb{R}^{J}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}_{\geqslant 0}\quad(u,w)\mapsto\sum_{j=0}^{n-r}w_{j}

is ℤ\mathbb{Z}-linear, sends all the primitive generators of the rays of Σ^\hat{\Sigma} to 11 by Eq. 2.1.5, and is compatible with Σ^\hat{\Sigma} and the fan of 𝔸k1\mathbb{A}^{1}_{k}. Thus, it induces a toric morphism t:𝒩→𝔸k1t:\mathcal{N}\rightarrow\mathbb{A}^{1}_{k} whose fiber over 00 is the toric boundary of 𝒩\mathcal{N}. The base change 𝒩≔𝒩×𝔸1R\mathscr{N}\coloneqq\mathcal{N}\times_{\mathbb{A}^{1}}R to RR is a toric RR-scheme, whose generic fiber is isomorphic to 𝔾m,Kn\mathbb{G}_{m,K}^{n}. The special fiber 𝒩k\mathscr{N}_{k} can be written as 𝒩k=∑i∈J∪LEi\mathscr{N}_{k}=\sum_{i\in J\cup L}E_{i}, where the combinatoric of intersections between components is exactly the same as in 𝒳k\mathscr{X}_{k}.

We prove Theorem B by constructing a formal isomorphism

f:𝒳/Z^→≃𝒩/Z^.f:\widehat{\mathscr{X}_{/Z}}\xrightarrow{\simeq}\widehat{\mathscr{N}_{/Z}}.

More specifically, we proceed as follows. We set the notations 𝔛=𝒳/Z^\mathfrak{X}=\widehat{\mathscr{X}_{/Z}} and 𝔑=𝒩/Z^\mathfrak{N}=\widehat{\mathscr{N}_{/Z}}.

  • •

    (Sections 2.2 and 2.3) Let σ∈Σ\sigma\in\Sigma be a maximal cone. Denote by ZσZ_{\sigma} and 𝒩σ≔𝒩Zσ/𝒳\mathcal{N}_{\sigma}\coloneqq\mathcal{N}_{Z_{\sigma}/\mathscr{X}} the corresponding toric affine charts in ZZ and 𝒩\mathcal{N} respectively. This induces an open formal subscheme of 𝔑\mathfrak{N}, which we denote by 𝔑σ\mathfrak{N}_{\sigma}. We construct a morphism

    fσ:𝔛∖(∪l∈L∖LσDl)≕𝔛σ→𝔑σ,f_{\sigma}:\mathfrak{X}\setminus\big(\cup_{l\in L\setminus L_{\sigma}}D_{l}\big)\eqqcolon\mathfrak{X}_{\sigma}\,\rightarrow\mathfrak{N}_{\sigma},

    in a similar manner to [NXY19]: we construct n+1n+1 divisors WjσW^{\sigma}_{j} and WiσW^{\sigma}_{i} on 𝒳\mathscr{X}, whose defining equations on the chart 𝔛σ\mathfrak{X}_{\sigma} yields the morphism fσf_{\sigma}. The equations are induced by sections of 𝒪Z​(Wjσ)\mathcal{O}_{Z}(W^{\sigma}_{j}) and 𝒪Z​(Wiσ)\mathcal{O}_{Z}(W^{\sigma}_{i}): these are first constructed on ZZ, then extended to 𝔛\mathfrak{X} by the nef condition on the conormal bundle νZ/𝒳∗\nu_{Z/\mathscr{X}}^{*} assumed in Theorem B, which ensures the vanishing of higher cohomology groups for the tensor powers of νZ/𝒳∗\nu_{Z/\mathscr{X}}^{*}.

  • •

    (Sections 2.4 and 2.5) Let σ\sigma and σ′\sigma^{\prime} be two maximal cones of Σ\Sigma intersecting along a face of codimension one. We establish relations among the respective divisors and construct sections on 𝔛σ′\mathfrak{X}_{\sigma^{\prime}} from those on 𝔛σ\mathfrak{X}_{\sigma}. This allows us to prove that the morphisms fσf_{\sigma} on the charts 𝔛σ\mathfrak{X}_{\sigma}’s can be chosen so that they are compatible on the overlaps 𝔛σ∩𝔛σ′\mathfrak{X}_{\sigma}\cap\mathfrak{X}_{\sigma^{\prime}}. This yields a well defined morphism ff which extends the identity on ZZ and preserves the ideal ℐZ\mathscr{I}_{Z}, so that it turns out to be an isomorphism.

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