ScalingStacks

5 Appendix [04QF]

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5 Appendix

The purpose of this appendix is to extend some of the constructions and results in this paper to the following situation: let XX be a smooth family of nn-dimensional projective varieties over a punctured disk π”»βˆ—βŠ‚β„‚\mathbb{D}^{*}\subset\mathbb{C} centered at 00, and let 𝒳\mathscr{X} be an snc proper regular algebraic space over 𝔻\mathbb{D} extending the family XX to 00. In particular, the special fiber 𝒳0\mathscr{X}_{0} is strict normal crossing, the morphism 𝒳→𝔻\mathscr{X}\rightarrow\mathbb{D} is a proper holomorphic submersion, and 𝒳\mathscr{X} is not assumed to be projective; we still call such space 𝒳\mathscr{X} an snc model of XX. Our goal is to define a skeleton Sk⁑(𝒳)βŠ‚Xan\Sk(\mathscr{X})\subset X^{\an} and a retraction ρ𝒳:Xanβ†’Sk⁑(𝒳)\rho_{\mathscr{X}}:X^{\an}\rightarrow\Sk(\mathscr{X}) associated with 𝒳\mathscr{X}.

We start by recalling a construction from [BJ17, 4.2]. Let 𝒳′\mathscr{X}^{\prime} be another snc model of XX that dominates 𝒳\mathscr{X}; we write h:π’³β€²βŸΆπ’³h:\mathscr{X}^{\prime}\longrightarrow\mathscr{X} and the special fibers 𝒳0=βˆ‘i∈Iai​Di\mathscr{X}_{0}=\sum_{i\in I}a_{i}D_{i} and 𝒳0β€²=βˆ‘i∈Iβ€²ai′​Diβ€²\mathscr{X}^{\prime}_{0}=\sum_{i\in I^{\prime}}a^{\prime}_{i}D^{\prime}_{i}. Then there exists an integral affine retraction

r𝒳′​𝒳:π’Ÿβ‘(𝒳0β€²)βŸΆπ’Ÿβ‘(𝒳0),r_{\mathscr{X}^{\prime}\mathscr{X}}:\mathcal{D}(\mathscr{X}^{\prime}_{0})\longrightarrow\mathcal{D}(\mathscr{X}_{0}),

as follows. Let Ο„β€²\tau^{\prime} be the simplex in π’Ÿβ‘(𝒳0β€²)\mathcal{D}(\mathscr{X}^{\prime}_{0}) corresponding to a stratum Yβ€²βŠ†D0β€²βˆ©β€¦βˆ©Dqβ€²Y^{\prime}\subseteq D^{\prime}_{0}\cap\ldots\cap D^{\prime}_{q}. Let YY be the minimal stratum of 𝒳0\mathscr{X}_{0} such that h⁑(Yβ€²)βŠ‚Yh(Y^{\prime})\subset Y; we denote by Ο„\tau the simplex in π’Ÿβ‘(𝒳0)\mathcal{D}(\mathscr{X}_{0}) corresponding to YY and we write D0,…,DpD_{0},\ldots,D_{p} the irreducible components of 𝒳0\mathscr{X}_{0} containing YY. Then

hβˆ—β€‹Di=βˆ‘j=0qai​j​Djβ€²+βˆ‘h∈Iβ€²βˆ–{0,…,q}ai​h​Dhβ€²h^{*}D_{i}=\sum_{j=0}^{q}a_{ij}D^{\prime}_{j}+\sum_{h\in I^{\prime}\setminus\{0,\ldots,q\}}a_{ih}D^{\prime}_{h}

and we define the map r𝒳′​𝒳r_{\mathscr{X}^{\prime}\mathscr{X}} on Ο„β€²\tau^{\prime} by the formula:

Ο„β€²βˆ‹w=(w0,…,wq)↦r𝒳′​𝒳​(wβ€²)=(βˆ‘j=0qai​j​wjβ€²)0β©½iβ©½pβˆˆΟ„.\tau^{\prime}\ni w=(w_{0},\ldots,w_{q})\mapsto r_{\mathscr{X}^{\prime}\mathscr{X}}(w^{\prime})=\Big(\sum_{j=0}^{q}a_{ij}w^{\prime}_{j}\Big)_{0\leqslant i\leqslant p}\in\tau.

This yields a continuous integral affine map. Furthermore, we have the following transitivity property: if π’³β€²β€²βŸΆπ’³β€²βŸΆπ’³\mathscr{X}^{\prime\prime}\longrightarrow\mathscr{X}^{\prime}\longrightarrow\mathscr{X} are three snc models of XX, then r𝒳′′​𝒳=rπ’³β€²β€‹π’³βˆ˜r𝒳′′​𝒳′r_{\mathscr{X}^{\prime\prime}\mathscr{X}}=r_{\mathscr{X}^{\prime}\mathscr{X}}\circ r_{\mathscr{X}^{\prime\prime}\mathscr{X}^{\prime}}.

Definition 5.0.1.

Let Ο„β€²\tau^{\prime} be a face of π’Ÿβ‘(𝒳0β€²)\mathcal{D}(\mathscr{X}^{\prime}_{0}). We say Ο„β€²\tau^{\prime} is active for r𝒳′​𝒳r_{\mathscr{X}^{\prime}\mathscr{X}} if:

  • -

    h:Yβ€²βŸΆYh:Y^{\prime}\longrightarrow Y is a bimeromorphic morphism,

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    the β„š\mathbb{Q}-linear map inducing r𝒳′​𝒳:Ο„β€²βŸΆΟ„r_{\mathscr{X}^{\prime}\mathscr{X}}:\tau^{\prime}\longrightarrow\tau is an isomorphism.

We write A𝒳′​𝒳A_{\mathscr{X}^{\prime}\mathscr{X}} for the union of active faces in π’Ÿβ‘(𝒳0β€²)\mathcal{D}(\mathscr{X}^{\prime}_{0}). It follows from [BJ17, Proposition 4.3] that r𝒳′​𝒳r_{\mathscr{X}^{\prime}\mathscr{X}} induces a homeomorphism from A𝒳′​𝒳A_{\mathscr{X}^{\prime}\mathscr{X}} onto π’Ÿβ‘(𝒳0)\mathcal{D}(\mathscr{X}_{0}).

Definition 5.0.2.

Let 𝒳\mathscr{X} be an snc model of XX, and assume there exists a projective snc model 𝒳′\mathscr{X}^{\prime} and h:π’³β€²βŸΆπ’³h:\mathscr{X}^{\prime}\longrightarrow\mathscr{X}. We define the skeleton Sk⁑(𝒳)βŠ‚Xan\Sk(\mathscr{X})\subset X^{\an} as the image of A𝒳′​𝒳A_{\mathscr{X}^{\prime}\mathscr{X}} by the embedding π’Ÿβ‘(𝒳0β€²)β†ͺXan\mathcal{D}(\mathscr{X}^{\prime}_{0})\hookrightarrow X^{\an}, and the Berkovich retraction ρ𝒳:Xan⟢Sk⁑(𝒳)\rho_{\mathscr{X}}:X^{\an}\longrightarrow\Sk(\mathscr{X}) as the composition rπ’³β€²β€‹π’³βˆ˜Οπ’³β€²r_{\mathscr{X}^{\prime}\mathscr{X}}\circ\rho_{\mathscr{X}^{\prime}} (after identifying π’Ÿβ‘(𝒳0β€²)\mathcal{D}(\mathscr{X}^{\prime}_{0}) with Sk⁑(𝒳′)\Sk(\mathscr{X}^{\prime})).

It follows directly from the transitivity property that this does not depend on the choice of a projective model 𝒳′\mathscr{X}^{\prime}.

Lemma 5.0.3.

Let 𝒳\mathscr{X} be an snc model of XX and assume that 𝒳\mathscr{X} admits a dominating projective snc model. Then for any stratum YY of 𝒳0\mathscr{X}_{0}, the retraction ρ𝒳\rho_{\mathscr{X}} over Star⁑(Ο„Y)\Star(\tau_{Y}) only depends on the formal completion 𝒳/Y^\widehat{\mathscr{X}_{/Y}}.

Proof.

Let 𝒳′\mathscr{X}^{\prime} be a projective snc model dominating 𝒳\mathscr{X} and write h:π’³β€²βŸΆπ’³h:\mathscr{X}^{\prime}\longrightarrow\mathscr{X}. We denote by D0,…,DpD_{0},\ldots,D_{p} the components of 𝒳0\mathscr{X}_{0} containing YY.

Let Zβ€²βŠ†D0β€²βˆ©β€¦βˆ©Dqβ€²Z^{\prime}\subseteq D^{\prime}_{0}\cap\ldots\cap D^{\prime}_{q} be any stratum of 𝒳0β€²\mathscr{X}_{0}^{\prime}, and denote by Ο„β€²\tau^{\prime} the corresponding simplex in π’Ÿβ‘(𝒳0β€²)\mathcal{D}(\mathscr{X}^{\prime}_{0}). By construction of r𝒳′​𝒳r_{\mathscr{X}^{\prime}\mathscr{X}}, we have Int​(Ο„Zβ€²)βŠ†rπ’³β€²β€‹π’³βˆ’1​(Star⁑(Ο„Y))\textrm{Int}(\tau_{Z^{\prime}})\subseteq r_{\mathscr{X}^{\prime}\mathscr{X}}^{-1}(\Star(\tau_{Y})) if and only if h⁑(Zβ€²)βŠ†Yh(Z^{\prime})\subseteq Y; in this case, h⁑(Djβ€²)∩Yβ‰ βˆ…h(D^{\prime}_{j})\cap Y\neq\varnothing for any j=0,…,qj=0,\ldots,q. Thus, if DΞ±D_{\alpha} is an irreducible component of 𝒳0\mathscr{X}_{0} not cutting YY, it follows that hβˆ—β€‹DΞ±h^{*}D_{\alpha} does not have any component along the Djβ€²D^{\prime}_{j} for j=0,…,qj=0,\ldots,q.
We deduce from this that for each DiD_{i} component of 𝒳0\mathscr{X}_{0} containing YY and j∈{0,…,q}j\in\{0,\ldots,q\}, the coefficient of Djβ€²D^{\prime}_{j} in hβˆ—β€‹(Di)h^{*}(D_{i}) is determined by hh and a local equation of DiD_{i} in a formal neighbourhood of YY. This proves that r𝒳′​𝒳r_{\mathscr{X}^{\prime}\mathscr{X}} over Star⁑(Ο„Y)\Star(\tau_{Y}) only depends on hh over 𝒳/Y^\widehat{\mathscr{X}_{/Y}}.

By construction of Berkovich retraction, ρ𝒳′\rho_{\mathscr{X}^{\prime}} only depends on 𝒳/Zβ€²β€²^\widehat{\mathscr{X}^{\prime}_{/Z^{\prime}}} above Star⁑(Ο„Zβ€²)\Star(\tau_{Z^{\prime}}) (see SectionΒ 1.5). If moreover h⁑(Zβ€²)βŠ†Yh(Z^{\prime})\subseteq Y, then hh induces a morphism 𝒳/Zβ€²β€²^→𝒳/Y^\widehat{\mathscr{X}^{\prime}_{/Z^{\prime}}}\rightarrow\widehat{\mathscr{X}_{/Y}}, hence ρ𝒳′\rho_{\mathscr{X}^{\prime}} only depends on hh over 𝒳/Y^\widehat{\mathscr{X}_{/Y}}.

By the independence of ρ𝒳\rho_{\mathscr{X}} on the choice of projective model 𝒳′\mathscr{X}^{\prime} and morphism hh, we conclude that ρ𝒳\rho_{\mathscr{X}} over Star⁑(Ο„Y)\Star(\tau_{Y}) only depends on the formal completion 𝒳/Y^\widehat{\mathscr{X}_{/Y}}. ∎

Proposition 5.0.4.

Let 𝒳\mathscr{X} be an snc model of XX and assume that 𝒳\mathscr{X} admits a dominating projective snc model. Let CC be a one-dimensional stratum of 𝒳0\mathscr{X}_{0} and assume that CC is isomorphic to β„™1\mathbb{P}^{1} and Cβˆ–C̊C\setminus\mathring{C} consists of two points. Then ρ𝒳\rho_{\mathscr{X}} is an affinoid torus fibration over Star⁑(Ο„C)βŠ‚Sk⁑(𝒳)\Star(\tau_{C})\subset\Sk(\mathscr{X}), and the induced affine structure over Star⁑(Ο„C)\Star(\tau_{C}) is described as in PropositionΒ 3.1.1.

Proof.

By LemmaΒ 5.0.3, the retraction ρ𝒳\rho_{\mathscr{X}} over Star⁑(Ο„C)\Star(\tau_{C}) only depends on the formal completion 𝒳/C^\widehat{\mathscr{X}_{/C}}. By [Knu71, V, Theorem 2.5], since CC is a scheme, the formal algebraic space 𝒳/C^\widehat{\mathscr{X}_{/C}} is a formal scheme. We are therefore in the setting of [NXY19, Proposition 5.4, Theorem 6.1] and we can conclude. ∎

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