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4.4 Local combinatorial retraction [04Q6]

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4.4 Local combinatorial retraction

Other resolutions of 𝒰\mathscr{U} can be obtained by blowing-up the divisors of the special fiber in a different order. Given any order (i1,i2,i3)(i_{1},i_{2},i_{3}) on {1,2,3}\{1,2,3\}, we denote

𝒱i1​i2​i3β†’blow-up ofΒ Si1​i3,Si2​i3𝒱i1​i2β†’blow-up ofΒ Si1​i2𝒰i1​i2β†’blow-up ofΒ Di1,Di2𝒰.βˆͺβˆͺβˆͺEi1​i3,Ei2​i3Ei1​i2Si1​i2,Si1​i3,Si2​i3\begin{array}[]{ccccccccc}\mathscr{V}_{i_{1}i_{2}i_{3}}&\xrightarrow{\begin{subarray}{c}\text{blow-up of }\\ S_{i_{1}i_{3}},S_{i_{2}i_{3}}\end{subarray}}&\mathscr{V}_{i_{1}i_{2}}&\xrightarrow{\begin{subarray}{c}\text{blow-up of }\\ S_{i_{1}i_{2}}\end{subarray}}&\mathscr{U}_{i_{1}i_{2}}&\xrightarrow{\begin{subarray}{c}\text{blow-up of }\\ D_{i_{1}},D_{i_{2}}\end{subarray}}&\mathscr{U}.\\ \cup&&\cup&&\cup&&\\ E_{i_{1}i_{3}},E_{i_{2}i_{3}}&&E_{i_{1}i_{2}}&&S_{i_{1}i_{2}},S_{i_{1}i_{3}},S_{i_{2}i_{3}}&&\end{array}

The refinement of the fan of 𝒰\mathscr{U} corresponding to 𝒱i1​i2​i3\mathscr{V}_{i_{1}i_{2}i_{3}} is such that the skeleton Sk⁑(𝒱i1​i2​i3)=Sk⁑(𝒱123)\Sk(\mathscr{V}_{i_{1}i_{2}i_{3}})=\Sk(\mathscr{V}_{123}) as subspaces in the Berkovich space of 𝒰K\mathscr{U}_{K}; it is independent on the chosen order so that we simply denote this subspace by Sk⁑(𝒱)\Sk(\mathscr{V}). However, the models 𝒱i1​i2​i3\mathscr{V}_{i_{1}i_{2}i_{3}} and 𝒱123\mathscr{V}_{123} induce in general different simplicial subdivisions and different retractions onto <v1,v2,v3><v_{1},v_{2},v_{3}>. For instance, the only edge in the interior of Sk⁑(𝒱i1​i2​i3)\Sk(\mathscr{V}_{i_{1}i_{2}i_{3}}) is <vi2,vi1​i3><v_{i_{2}},v_{i_{1}i_{3}}>, which indeed depends on the chosen order. Here below we illustrate the skeletons and the Berkovich retractions in a couple of examples.

(1,2,3)(1,2,3)v2v_{2}v1v_{1}v3v_{3}v12v_{12}v13v_{13}v23v_{23}Sk⁑(𝒱123)\Sk(\mathscr{V}_{123})
ρ𝒰12\rho_{\mathscr{U}_{12}} on Sk⁑(𝒱12)\Sk(\mathscr{V}_{12})v2v_{2}v1v_{1}v3v_{3}v12v_{12}
ρ𝒱12\rho_{\mathscr{V}_{12}} on Sk⁑(𝒱123)\Sk(\mathscr{V}_{123})v2v_{2}v1v_{1}v3v_{3}v13v_{13}v23v_{23}
(2,1,3)(2,1,3)v2v_{2}v1v_{1}v3v_{3}v21v_{21}v13v_{13}v23v_{23}Sk⁑(𝒱213)\Sk(\mathscr{V}_{213})
ρ𝒰21\rho_{\mathscr{U}_{21}} on Sk⁑(𝒱21)\Sk(\mathscr{V}_{21})v2v_{2}v1v_{1}v3v_{3}v21v_{21}
ρ𝒱21\rho_{\mathscr{V}_{21}} on Sk⁑(𝒱213)\Sk(\mathscr{V}_{213})v2v_{2}v1v_{1}v3v_{3}v13v_{13}v23v_{23}
(1,3,2)(1,3,2)v2v_{2}v1v_{1}v3v_{3}v12v_{12}v13v_{13}v32v_{32}Sk⁑(𝒱132)\Sk(\mathscr{V}_{132})
ρ𝒰13\rho_{\mathscr{U}_{13}} on Sk⁑(𝒱13)\Sk(\mathscr{V}_{13})v2v_{2}v1v_{1}v3v_{3}v13v_{13}
ρ𝒱13\rho_{\mathscr{V}_{13}} on Sk⁑(𝒱132)\Sk(\mathscr{V}_{132})v2v_{2}v1v_{1}v3v_{3}v13v_{13}v32v_{32}

The blow-up of 𝒱i1​i2​i3\mathscr{V}_{i_{1}i_{2}i_{3}} along the toric strata Di2∩Ei1​i3D_{i_{2}}\cap E_{i_{1}i_{3}} and Ei1​i2∩Di3β€²E_{i_{1}i_{2}}\cap D_{i_{3}}^{\prime} yields a refinement of the fan which coincides with the fan of 𝒒\mathscr{G}, constructed at the end of SectionΒ 4.3. It follows that the model 𝒒\mathscr{G} dominates all resolutions 𝒱i1​i2​i3\mathscr{V}_{i_{1}i_{2}i_{3}} independently on the order, hence all Berkovich retractions ρ𝒱i1​i2​i3\rho_{\mathscr{V}_{i_{1}i_{2}i_{3}}}, ρ𝒱i1​i2\rho_{\mathscr{V}_{i_{1}i_{2}}} and ρ𝒰i1​i2\rho_{\mathscr{U}_{i_{1}i_{2}}} factors through ρ𝒒\rho_{\mathscr{G}}.

Our goal is to construct a map Ο€\pi, composing the Berkovich retraction ρ𝒒\rho_{\mathscr{G}} with a collapse ΞΊ\kappa of the additional 3-cell Ο„\tau and a combinatorial retraction ρ\rho

Ο€:𝒰Kan→ρ𝒒Sk⁑(𝒒)β†’collapseπœ…Sk⁑(𝒱)β†’retraction𝜌Sk⁑(𝒰)=βˆͺβˆͺβˆͺβˆͺover ​Star⁑(vj)′​ ρ𝒰i1​i2:Ο€βˆ’1​(Star⁑(vj)β€²)→ρ𝒒Sk⁑(𝒒)→ρ𝒱i1​i2​jSk⁑(𝒱i1​i2​j)→ρ𝒰i1​i2Star⁑(vj)β€²\begin{array}[]{ccccccccc}&\pi:&\mathscr{U}_{K}^{\an}&\xrightarrow{\rho_{\mathscr{G}}}&\Sk(\mathscr{G})&\xrightarrow[\text{collapse}]{\kappa}&\Sk(\mathscr{V})&\xrightarrow[\text{retraction}]{\rho}&\Sk(\mathscr{U})\\ &\rotatebox[origin={c}]{270.0}{$=$}&\cup&&\cup&&\cup&&\cup\\ \text{over }\Star(v_{j})^{\prime}\text{\hskip 10.0pt}&\rho_{\mathscr{U}_{i_{1}i_{2}}}:&\pi^{-1}(\Star(v_{j})^{\prime})&\xrightarrow{\rho_{\mathscr{G}}}&\Sk(\mathscr{G})&\xrightarrow{\rho_{\mathscr{V}_{i_{1}i_{2}j}}}&\Sk(\mathscr{V}_{i_{1}i_{2}j})&\xrightarrow{\rho_{\mathscr{U}_{i_{1}i_{2}}}}&\Star(v_{j})^{\prime}\end{array}

such that, given any vertex vjv_{j} in Sk⁑(𝒰)\Sk(\mathscr{U}), the restriction of Ο€\pi over Star⁑(vj)β€²\Star(v_{j})^{\prime} (the Star\Star is taken with respect to the first barycentric subdivision, as in DefinitionΒ 3.2.1) is ρ𝒰i1​i2\rho_{\mathscr{U}_{i_{1}i_{2}}} for any order (i1,i2,j)(i_{1},i_{2},j) on {1,2,3}\{1,2,3\}, i.e. any order where the index jj is the biggest. This guarantees that around each vjv_{j}, the map Ο€\pi is the Berkovich retraction induced by a small resolution 𝒰i1​i2\mathscr{U}_{i_{1}i_{2}} where the strict transform of DjD_{j} is isomorphic to DjD_{j}, so that we are in the set-up of CorollaryΒ C.

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    The retraction ρ\rho. We identify again the skeleton Sk⁑(𝒱)\Sk(\mathscr{V}) with the polyhedron in ℝ3\mathbb{R}^{3} described in SectionΒ 4.3. On the convex hull PP of v23,(βˆ’1/4,1/4,1),(0,1/3,1),(0,0,0),v3v_{23},(-1/4,1/4,1),(0,1/3,1),(0,0,0),v_{3} and (0,1/3,0)(0,1/3,0), the retraction ρ\rho is given as follows

    (4.4.1) (x,y,z)∈P↦{(x+(1βˆ’t2)​z,y+t2​z,0)Β if ​x+(1βˆ’t2)​zβ©½0(0,yx+1,0)Β if ​x+(1βˆ’t2)​zβ©Ύ0where ​t=2​yx+y+1.\displaystyle\begin{split}&(x,y,z)\in P\mapsto\begin{cases}\Big(x+\left(1-\frac{t}{2}\right)z,y+\frac{t}{2}z,0\Big)&\text{ if }x+\left(1-\frac{t}{2}\right)z\leqslant 0\\ \Big(0,\frac{y}{x+1},0\Big)&\text{ if }x+\left(1-\frac{t}{2}\right)z\geqslant 0\end{cases}\\ &\text{where }t=\frac{2y}{x+y+1}.\end{split}

    Here is a pictorial description for certain values of tt:

    t=0t=0
    t=14t=\frac{1}{4}
    t=12t=\frac{1}{2}
    (0,0,0)(0,0,0)(0,13,1)(0,\frac{1}{3},1)v3=(βˆ’1,0,0)v_{3}=(-1,0,0)(0,0,1)=v23(0,0,1)=v_{23}(0,13,43)=v123β€²(0,\frac{1}{3},\frac{4}{3})=v_{123}^{\prime}(βˆ’14,14,1)(-\frac{1}{4},\frac{1}{4},1)(0,13,0)(0,\frac{1}{3},0)

    We extend the definition of ρ\rho to Sk⁑(𝒱)\Sk(\mathscr{V}) by symmetry along the medians of the triangles <v1,v2,v3><v_{1},v_{2},v_{3}> and <v12,v13,v23><v_{12},v_{13},v_{23}>. In particular, we note that the image of <v12,v13,v23><v_{12},v_{13},v_{23}> is the graph in <v1,v2,v3><v_{1},v_{2},v_{3}> of DefinitionΒ 3.2.1.

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    The combinatorial retraction Ο€β€²\pi^{\prime}. We define the collapse ΞΊ\kappa as the projection of the additional 33-cell Ο„\tau of Sk⁑(𝒒)\Sk(\mathscr{G}) onto <v12,v13,v23><v_{12},v_{13},v_{23}> along the zz-direction. We call Ο€β€²β‰”Οβˆ˜ΞΊ\pi^{\prime}\coloneqq\rho\circ\kappa the combinatorial retraction of the skeleton Sk⁑(𝒒)\Sk(\mathscr{G}) onto Sk⁑(𝒰)=<v1,v2,v3>\Sk(\mathscr{U})=<v_{1},v_{2},v_{3}>.

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    Finally, we check that Ο€β€²=ρ𝒰i1​i2\pi^{\prime}=\rho_{\mathscr{U}_{i_{1}i_{2}}} over Star⁑(vj)β€²\Star(v_{j})^{\prime}. As the preimage of Star⁑(vj)β€²\Star(v_{j})^{\prime} is disjoint from <v12,v13,v23,v123β€²><v_{12},v_{13},v_{23},v^{\prime}_{123}>, we have to prove that ρ=ρ𝒰i1​i2\rho=\rho_{\mathscr{U}_{i_{1}i_{2}}}. By symmetry of ρ\rho, it is enough to check this for v3v_{3}. Over Star⁑(v3)β€²\Star(v_{3})^{\prime} we have ρ𝒰i1​i2=ρ𝒱i1​i2\rho_{\mathscr{U}_{i_{1}i_{2}}}=\rho_{\mathscr{V}_{i_{1}i_{2}}}; there, the expression of ρ𝒱i1​i2\rho_{\mathscr{V}_{i_{1}i_{2}}} determined in Eq.Β 4.3.1 coincides with the definition of ρ\rho in Eq.Β 4.4.1, hence we conclude.

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