ScalingStacks

4.2 Local resolution [04Q4]

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4.2 Local resolution

We consider a point in 𝒳sing∩D1∩D2∩D3{\mathscr{X}}^{\text{sing}}\cap D_{1}\cap D_{2}\cap D_{3}; the singular points in the other strata curves can be treated analogously. Γ‰tale locally around such a point, 𝒳\mathscr{X} is isomorphic to the toric variety 𝒰≔V⁑(x​y​zβˆ’w​t)βŠ‚π”Έk5\mathscr{U}\coloneqq V(xyz-wt)\subset\mathbb{A}^{5}_{k}, where

D1|𝒰={x=t=0},D2|𝒰={y=t=0}Β andΒ D3|𝒰={z=t=0}D_{1}|_{\mathscr{U}}=\{x=t=0\},\quad D_{2}|_{\mathscr{U}}=\{y=t=0\}\,\text{ and }\,D_{3}|_{\mathscr{U}}=\{z=t=0\}

are the components of the special fiber {t=0}\{t=0\} in 𝒰\mathscr{U}. We still denote these by D1,D2D_{1},D_{2} and D3D_{3}; they form the toric boundary of 𝒰\mathscr{U} together with

D1β€²|𝒰={x=w=0},D2β€²|𝒰={y=w=0}Β andΒ D3β€²|𝒰={z=w=0}.D_{1}^{\prime}|_{\mathscr{U}}=\{x=w=0\},\quad D_{2}^{\prime}|_{\mathscr{U}}=\{y=w=0\}\,\text{ and }\,D_{3}^{\prime}|_{\mathscr{U}}=\{z=w=0\}.

The pair (𝒳,𝒳k)|𝒰=(𝒰,βˆ‘i=1,2,3D1|𝒰)(\mathscr{X},\mathscr{X}_{k})_{|\mathscr{U}}=(\mathscr{U},\sum_{i=1,2,3}D_{1}|_{\mathscr{U}}) is log canonical by [CLS11, Proposition 11.4.24].

We denote the strata surfaces of the special fiber by Di​j≔Dj∩DjD_{ij}\coloneqq D_{j}\cap D_{j}, for i,j∈{1,2,3}i,j\in\{1,2,3\} and iβ‰ ji\neq j, and the stratum curve by D123≔{x=y=z=t=0}D_{123}\coloneqq\{x=y=z=t=0\}. The singular locus 𝒰sing{\mathscr{U}}^{\text{sing}} consists of the torus invariant curves

C12|𝒰={x=y=w=t=0}=D1∩D2∩D1β€²βˆ©D2β€²,C_{12}|_{\mathscr{U}}=\{x=y=w=t=0\}=D_{1}\cap D_{2}\cap D_{1}^{\prime}\cap D_{2}^{\prime},
C13|𝒰={x=z=t=w=0}Β andΒ C23|𝒰={y=z=w=t=0},C_{13}|_{\mathscr{U}}=\{x=z=t=w=0\}\,\text{ and }\,C_{23}|_{\mathscr{U}}=\{y=z=w=t=0\},

which intersect each other at the torus invariant point p≔{x=y=z=w=t=0}p\coloneqq\{x=y=z=w=t=0\}.

ppD123D_{123}D1D_{1}D2D_{2}D3D_{3}D23D_{23}C12C_{12}D12D_{12}
D2D_{2}D1D_{1}D3D_{3}{y=w=0}\{y=w=0\}{x=w=0}\{x=w=0\}{z=w=0}\{z=w=0\}D12D_{12}D23D_{23}D13D_{13}C12C_{12}D123D_{123}
Figure 3: *

Special fiber of 𝒰\mathscr{U} and a slice of the fan of the toric variety 𝒰\mathscr{U}

The toric blow-up G1:𝒰1≔BlD1⁑𝒰→𝒰G_{1}:\mathscr{U}_{1}\coloneqq\Bl_{D_{1}}\mathscr{U}\rightarrow\mathscr{U} along D1D_{1} resolves the singularities along C12C_{12} and C13C_{13} except at the point pp. The exceptional locus of G1G_{1} consists of two surfaces S12S_{12} and S13S_{13} intersecting each other along a curve: these surfaces are mapped by G1G_{1} to the respective singular curves, are contained in the strict transform of D1D_{1}, and correspond to two new edges in the slice of the fan of 𝒰1\mathscr{U}_{1}. The intersection of S12S_{12} and S13S_{13} corresponds to a new 22-dimensional face in the slice of the fan. With a slight abuse of notation we keep the same notation for the strict transforms in 𝒰1\mathscr{U}_{1}.

A resolution of 𝒰\mathscr{U} is given by the composition of G1G_{1} and the toric blow-up G12:𝒰12≔BlD2⁑𝒰1→𝒰1G_{12}:\mathscr{U}_{12}\coloneqq\Bl_{D_{2}}\mathscr{U}_{1}\rightarrow\mathscr{U}_{1} along D2D_{2}; the latter indeed resolves the singularities along C23C_{23}. The exceptional locus of G12G_{12} is a surface S23S_{23}, which is mapped by G12G_{12} to C23C_{23} and is contained in the strict transform of D2D_{2}. The morphism G12G_{12} induces a new 22-dimensional face in the slice of the fan of 𝒰12\mathscr{U}_{12}, and a new edge corresponding to the surface S23S_{23}. In particular, after the blow-up G12G_{12}, the strict transforms of the surface S12S_{12} and of the divisor D3D_{3} have empty intersection.

D2D_{2}D1D_{1}D3D_{3}D12D_{12}D23D_{23}D13D_{13}
D2D_{2}D1D_{1}D3D_{3}D12D_{12}D23D_{23}D13D_{13}
D2D_{2}D1D_{1}D3D_{3}D12D_{12}D23D_{23}D13D_{13}
Figure 4: *

Slices of the fan of 𝒰\mathscr{U}, 𝒰1\mathscr{U}_{1} and 𝒰12\mathscr{U}_{12}

The small resolution 𝒰12\mathscr{U}_{12} of 𝒰\mathscr{U} induces an isomorphism on the strict transform of D13D_{13} and of D23D_{23}, while its restriction to the strict transform of D12D_{12} is the blow-up of D12D_{12} along a general point. These facts can be checked computing the charts of the blow-ups G1G_{1} and G12G_{12}. Alternatively, they can be verified looking at the fans of the strata surfaces Di​jD_{ij} in the slice of the fans of 𝒰\mathscr{U}, 𝒰1\mathscr{U}_{1} and 𝒰12\mathscr{U}_{12}; indeed, the fan of Di​jD_{ij} is induced by the intersection of the slice with a normal plane to the edge corresponding to Di​jD_{ij}.

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