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2.3 Construction of the sections for a maximal cone [04NT]

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2.3 Construction of the sections for a maximal cone

Let σ\sigma be a maximal cone of Σ\Sigma. We denote by ℒjσ\mathscr{L}^{\sigma}_{j} and ℒiσ\mathscr{L}^{\sigma}_{i} the line bundles on 𝔛\mathfrak{X} induced respectively by 𝒪𝒳​(Wjσ)\mathcal{O}_{\mathscr{X}}(W^{\sigma}_{j}) for j∈Jj\in J, and by 𝒪𝒳​(Wiσ)\mathcal{O}_{\mathscr{X}}(W^{\sigma}_{i}) for i∈Lσi\in L_{\sigma}. Since WjσW^{\sigma}_{j} and WiσW^{\sigma}_{i} are principal on ZZ, the restrictions ℒσj|Z{\mathscr{L}^{\sigma}_{j}}_{|Z} and ℒσi|Z{\mathscr{L}^{\sigma}_{i}}_{|Z} are trivial line bundles on ZZ, thus we may choose non-zero global sections sjσs^{\sigma}_{j} and siσs^{\sigma}_{i} on ZZ.

We now lift the sections sjσs^{\sigma}_{j} and siσs^{\sigma}_{i} to global sections of ℒjσ\mathscr{L}^{\sigma}_{j} and ℒiσ\mathscr{L}^{\sigma}_{i}, which we still denote by sjσs^{\sigma}_{j} and siσs^{\sigma}_{i}. Indeed, for any n⩾1n\geqslant 1, write (𝒳/Z)n(\mathscr{X}/Z)_{n} for the (non-reduced) subscheme of 𝒳\mathscr{X} defined by the ideal ℐZn\mathscr{I}^{n}_{Z}. In the exact sequence

H0​((𝒳/Z)n,ℒjσ)⟶H0​((𝒳/Z)n−1,ℒjσ)⟶H1​(Z,(νZ/𝒳∗)⊗n),H^{0}((\mathscr{X}/Z)_{n},\mathscr{L}^{\sigma}_{j})\longrightarrow H^{0}((\mathscr{X}/Z)_{n-1},\mathscr{L}^{\sigma}_{j})\longrightarrow H^{1}(Z,(\nu^{*}_{Z/\mathscr{X}})^{\otimes n}),

and in the analogous one for ℒiσ\mathscr{L}^{\sigma}_{i}, the right-hand vanishes: the conormal bundle is a direct sum of line bundles on ZZ which are nef by the hypothesis in Theorem B and so are its positive tensor powers, thus their first cohomology group vanishes by Proposition 1.2.5. We thus extend the sections constructed above to all of the (𝒳/Z)n(\mathscr{X}/Z)_{n} by induction, which yields an extension to 𝔛=lim←n⁡(𝒳/Z)n\mathfrak{X}=\varprojlim_{n}(\mathscr{X}/Z)_{n}.

Lemma 2.3.1.

The restrictions of sjσs^{\sigma}_{j} and siσs^{\sigma}_{i} to 𝔛σ\mathfrak{X}_{\sigma} are equations for DjD_{j} and DiD_{i}, and thus

wσ≔t⋅∏j∈J(sjσ)−1⋅∏i∈Lσ(siσ)−1w_{\sigma}\coloneqq t\cdot\prod_{j\in J}(s_{j}^{\sigma})^{-1}\cdot\prod_{i\in L_{\sigma}}(s_{i}^{\sigma})^{-1}

is an invertible function on 𝔛σ\mathfrak{X}_{\sigma}.

Proof.

We show that siσs^{\sigma}_{i} is an equation for DiD_{i} on 𝔛σ\mathfrak{X}_{\sigma}; the proof is analogous for sjσs^{\sigma}_{j}.

On ZZ, Wiσ|Z=div(h){W_{i}^{\sigma}}_{|Z}=\textrm{div}(h) and siσs^{\sigma}_{i} is a non-zero global section, which means that

ℒiσ|Z(Z)=𝒪Z(Wiσ)(Z)={f∈𝒦(Z)|div(f)+div(h)⩾0}\displaystyle{\mathscr{L}^{\sigma}_{i}}_{|Z}(Z)=\mathcal{O}_{Z}({W^{\sigma}_{i}})(Z)=\{f\in\mathcal{K}(Z)\,|\,\textrm{div}(f)+\textrm{div}(h)\geqslant 0\} →≃𝒪Z​(Z)=k\displaystyle\xrightarrow{\simeq}\mathcal{O}_{Z}(Z)=k
f\displaystyle f ↦f​h\displaystyle\mapsto fh
siσ\displaystyle s^{\sigma}_{i} ↦siσ​h=λ∈k×.\displaystyle\mapsto s^{\sigma}_{i}h=\lambda\in k^{\times}.

Let 𝒰\mathcal{U} be an open cover of 𝒳∖(∪i′∉J∪LσDi′)\mathscr{X}\setminus\big(\cup_{i^{\prime}\notin J\cup L_{\sigma}}D_{i^{\prime}}\big) such that Di|U=div(gU){D_{i}}_{|U}=\textrm{div}(g_{U}) for any U∈𝒰U\in\mathcal{U}; this is possible as DiD_{i} is a Cartier divisor. On UU, Wiσ|U=−Di|U=div(gU−1){W^{\sigma}_{i}}_{|U}=-{D_{i}}_{|U}=\textrm{div}(g_{U}^{-1}) and

ℒiσ​(𝔛σ∩U)\displaystyle\mathscr{L}^{\sigma}_{i}(\mathfrak{X}_{\sigma}\cap U) →≃𝒪𝔛σ​(𝔛σ∩U)\displaystyle\xrightarrow{\simeq}\mathcal{O}_{\mathfrak{X}_{\sigma}}(\mathfrak{X}_{\sigma}\cap U)
f\displaystyle f ↦f​gU−1\displaystyle\mapsto fg_{U}^{-1}
siσ\displaystyle s^{\sigma}_{i} ↦siσ​gU−1∈𝒪𝔛σ×​(𝔛σ∩U),\displaystyle\mapsto s^{\sigma}_{i}g_{U}^{-1}\in\mathcal{O}_{\mathfrak{X}_{\sigma}}^{\times}(\mathfrak{X}_{\sigma}\cap U),

where siσ​gU−1s^{\sigma}_{i}g_{U}^{-1} is a regular invertible function on 𝔛σ∩U\mathfrak{X}_{\sigma}\cap U, as its reduction to ZZ is invertible. Finally, the section siσs^{\sigma}_{i} is defined globally on 𝒳/Z^\widehat{\mathscr{X}_{/Z}} and on each open 𝔛σ∩U\mathfrak{X}_{\sigma}\cap U gives a local equation of the divisor DiD_{i}, hence it is a equation for DiD_{i} on 𝔛σ\mathfrak{X}_{\sigma}. ∎

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