2 Toric structure along toric strata [04NC]
Original official author HTML, exact retained edition. Historical TeX conversion verdicts remain unchanged. Cited-edition alignment and mathematical self-containment are not assessed.
Complete original source context · Original author HTML
2 Toric structure along toric strata
In this section we prove Theorem B. We recall the statement and fix the notation.
Theorem B.
Let be a smooth projective variety of dimension , and be a dlt model of with reduced special fiber , such that every is a Cartier divisor.
Let be an -dimensional stratum of , such that:
- •
is a torus embedding, where ;
- •
the conormal bundle is a nef vector bundle on ;
- •
for each , the intersection is either empty or connected.
Then the formal completion is isomorphic to the formal completion of the normal bundle along the zero section. In particular, is toric along (in the sense of Definition 1.2.6).
Note that the assumptions in Theorem B imply that is the smooth complete intersection of the irreducible components of containing , and thus has simple normal crossing boundary, see Remark 2.1.1. Since is a complete intersection, the conormal bundle is the direct sum of the line bundles . Hence, the nefness assumption simply means that the ’s containing are anti-nef divisors on .
As an immediate consequence of the theorem, we prove that
Corollary C.
The retraction is an -dimensional affinoid torus fibration over . In particular, the integral affine structure induced by on the complement of the faces of of codimension extends to with no singularities.
Proof.
Although this follows from Theorem B by [NXY19, Theorem 6.1] (end of the proof) and by [NXY19, §3.4], we sketch the proof for reader’s convenience.
As mentioned in Section 1.5, the retraction over only depends on , so that by Theorem B we may assume that is a toric -scheme. The equality now holds over by Proposition 1.5.2, so that it follows from Definition 1.6.1 that is an affinoid fibration over .
∎
2.1 Notation and strategy
We set such that . Since for every irreducible component of , the intersection is connected by assumption, this allows us to denote by with the components of intersecting transversally along , so that the toric boundary of is given by .
Remark 2.1.1.
The dlt assumption on and the toricness of ensure that is smooth, and that is an snc pair. Indeed, the singular locus of is a union of torus invariant subvarieties (see [CLS11, Proposition 11.1.2]), hence the generic point of a component of the singular locus is the generic point of a stratum of . However, is a dlt pair, thus snc at the generic point of each stratum of .
Remark 2.1.2.
The smoothness of and the assumption that the components of are Cartier divisors imply that is regular at any point of . Indeed, for any point and , let be a local equation of at . As is a regular local ring of dimension , can be extended to form a regular system of parameters for .
We denote by the fan of . Its rays are given by for , with primitive generators ; the maximal cones of are in bijection with the set of unordered -tuples such that . For a maximal cone of , we write .
Lemma 2.1.3.
For any maximal cone of , we have
Proof.
The smoothness of (see Remark 2.1.1) implies that the primitive generators of form a -basis of , which is equivalent to the condition ∎
Let be the normal bundle of in , and denote by the zero section. We write so that . Since any Cartier divisor on is linearly equivalent to a toric one, for any , there exist integers such that
| (2.1.4) |
For we set and verify that
We obtain that and for all in
| (2.1.5) |
The normal bundle is a toric variety of dimension . The corresponding fan lies in and consists of the following cones and their faces (see [CLS11, §7.3] for a reference). Let be the standard basis of ; given a cone , we have
In particular, we denote the rays of by
Proposition 2.1.6.
For any 1-dimensional toric stratum
| (2.1.7) |
Proof.
The map
is -linear, sends all the primitive generators of the rays of to by Eq. 2.1.5, and is compatible with and the fan of . Thus, it induces a toric morphism whose fiber over is the toric boundary of . The base change to is a toric -scheme, whose generic fiber is isomorphic to . The special fiber can be written as , where the combinatoric of intersections between components is exactly the same as in .
We prove Theorem B by constructing a formal isomorphism
More specifically, we proceed as follows. We set the notations and .
- •
(Sections 2.2 and 2.3) Let be a maximal cone. Denote by and the corresponding toric affine charts in and respectively. This induces an open formal subscheme of , which we denote by . We construct a morphism
in a similar manner to [NXY19]: we construct divisors and on , whose defining equations on the chart yields the morphism . The equations are induced by sections of and : these are first constructed on , then extended to by the nef condition on the conormal bundle assumed in Theorem B, which ensures the vanishing of higher cohomology groups for the tensor powers of .
- •
(Sections 2.4 and 2.5) Let and be two maximal cones of intersecting along a face of codimension one. We establish relations among the respective divisors and construct sections on from those on . This allows us to prove that the morphisms on the charts ’s can be chosen so that they are compatible on the overlaps . This yields a well defined morphism which extends the identity on and preserves the ideal , so that it turns out to be an isomorphism.
2.2 Construction of the divisors
We set
this is an -tuple of divisors on . Moreover, the restriction of any of these to is a principal divisor by Corollary 1.2.2. Given a maximal cone of , for any , we define
where the column vectors are in the same order in the numerator and in the denominator, and the denominator has value by Lemma 2.1.3.
Lemma 2.2.1.
The divisor has multiplicity along , multiplicity along for , and along for . In other words, we may write:
for some coefficients . Moreover, the restriction of to is principal.
Proof.
The statement on the multiplicities follows from the definition of , as
Moreover, is a linear combination of the divisors of the -tuple , hence its restriction to is principal by Corollary 1.2.2. ∎
For , we define the divisor on
| (2.2.2) | ||||
The restriction of to is a principal divisor, as the are principal and is linearly equivalent to by Eq. 2.1.4.
Lemma 2.2.3.
The relation holds.
Proof.
2.3 Construction of the sections for a maximal cone
Let be a maximal cone of . We denote by and the line bundles on induced respectively by for , and by for . Since and are principal on , the restrictions and are trivial line bundles on , thus we may choose non-zero global sections and on .
We now lift the sections and to global sections of and , which we still denote by and . Indeed, for any , write for the (non-reduced) subscheme of defined by the ideal . In the exact sequence
and in the analogous one for , the right-hand vanishes: the conormal bundle is a direct sum of line bundles on which are nef by the hypothesis in Theorem B and so are its positive tensor powers, thus their first cohomology group vanishes by Proposition 1.2.5. We thus extend the sections constructed above to all of the by induction, which yields an extension to .
Lemma 2.3.1.
The restrictions of and to are equations for and , and thus
is an invertible function on .
Proof.
We show that is an equation for on ; the proof is analogous for .
On , and is a non-zero global section, which means that
Let be an open cover of such that for any ; this is possible as is a Cartier divisor. On , and
where is a regular invertible function on , as its reduction to is invertible. Finally, the section is defined globally on and on each open gives a local equation of the divisor , hence it is a equation for on . ∎
2.4 Construction for two adjacent maximal cones
Let and be two maximal cones of intersecting along a face of codimension one. Setting , we may write and . The sets and are bases of . They induce isomorphisms such that the change of basis from to is
Denote by the basis of dual to , and the basis dual to . It follows that
| (2.4.1) |
The isomorphisms and allow us to view
and as elements of , that we will still denote by and .
Lemma 2.4.2.
Let be the curve associated with the cone . We have
In other words, the relation holds.
Proof.
The inverse is a section on of , so by Lemma 2.4.2 the sections
are sections on of the line bundles and . By Lemma 2.3.1 these give equations for and on the open subscheme and on we have
| (2.4.3) |
where the additive notation on the matrix corresponds to the multiplicative notation on the sections. Moreover, on we have
| (2.4.4) | ||||
hence the invertible function on extends to by .
2.5 Construction of the morphism
Let be the graph with vertices the maximal cones of (hence the maximal cones of ) and with an edge between and if and only if is a common face of codimension one. Note that since is proper, if is a sphere with center the origin, then is a triangulation of . In particular, is the 1-skeleton of the dual complex of a triangulation of the sphere, and is thus connected.
Let be a maximal cone, and the corresponding vertex, that we will use as a reference point. We fix a tuple of sections of as in Section 2.3.
Let be a maximal cone, and the corresponding vertex. By connectedness of , there exists a path from to , hence a sequence of maximal cones such that is a codimension one face of both and , for . The construction of Section 2.4 allows us to construct inductively along a tuple of sections of .
Lemma 2.5.1.
The tuple of sections is independent on the choice of path.
Proof.
By Eq. 2.4.3, for any , the sections are constructed from by multiplication by the matrix for the change of basis from to . Thus, by composition, the sections only depends on and the change of basis from to . ∎
This provides us with a tuple of sections of for each maximal cone , and the function
By Eq. 2.4.4 the glue to an invertible function on ; admits a -th root on , since it is constant, and by Hensel’s lemma we obtain an invertible function on such that . We use the sections and the function to define a morphism
as follows. Denoting by the dual basis to , the toric chart has the following explicit description:
Indeed, is the formal completion along of
, where ; since on , the relation holds.
The map is now defined at the level of function rings by
where the sections are viewed as functions on thanks to the proof of Lemma 2.3.1.
Lemma 2.5.2.
For any pair of maximal cones intersecting along a codimension one face, the morphisms and coincide on the overlap .
Proof.
The cones and correspond to adjacent vertices in . Thus, by Lemma 2.5.1 we construct from any path joining to , and from by the relation in Eq. 2.4.3.
The functions transform into via the change of dual bases, which is given by in Eq. 2.4.1. Comparing the two formulas, it follows that on . ∎
Proposition 2.5.3.
The morphism of formal -schemes obtained by gluing the morphisms is an isomorphism.
Proof.
We follow the argument in [NXY19, Proposition 5.4].
Since the source and the target have same dimension and are integral, it is enough to check that is a closed immersion.
If is the largest ideal of definition of , i.e. the defining ideal of , then is the largest ideal of definition of . Indeed, since is cut out inside by the for , the ideal is locally generated by the for ; the same reasoning shows that is locally generated by the . The equality now follows directly from the local definition of .
We
use [Gro61, 4.8.10] and the fact that induces an isomorphism on the reductions to infer that is a closed immersion, and thus an isomorphism by equality of dimensions.
∎
This concludes the proof of Theorem B: is toric along .
2.6 Integral affine structure and toric irreducible components
The case where is an irreducible component of is particularly relevant for proving Theorem A. Under the assumptions of Theorem B, we proved that is toric along , and is an affinoid torus fibration over by Corollary C. Moreover, we have the following explicit description of the -affine structure on induced by - note that it only depends on and not on how sits inside .
Corollary 2.6.1.
In the setting of Theorem B, let be an irreducible component of . Then there is a natural -linear embedding of inside the fan of which sends the polyhedral decomposition of to the cone decomposition of .
Proof.
By the proof of Theorem B and Proposition 1.5.2 we have the following diagram:
where the upper arrow is an isomorphism of analytic spaces, and the lower one a homeomorphism. Here and are the generic fibers (in the sense of Berkovich) of the formal completions and respectively, and denotes the interior of the polyhedral complex obtained by intersecting the fan of the normal bundle of in with . In particular, is embedded in , the polyhedral decomposition of is the same of , and the vertex corresponds to the origin. By Section 1.6, the integral affine structure on is the pullback via of the integral affine structure on , and this concludes the proof. ∎