ScalingStacks

Proof. [02YL]

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Proof.

Equation (8.21) shows that the degree of ℙ⁡(E)\mathbb{P}(E) is equal to (n+r)!​vol⁡(Δ)(n+r)!\operatorname{vol}(\Delta). The same equation together with Proposition 8.20(4) gives that the height of ℙ⁡(E)\mathbb{P}(E) is equal to :

(8.25) −(n+r+1)!2​(∫Δεr​(y)​d​x​d​y+∫ΔL⁡(y)⋅εn​(L​(y)−1​x)​d​x​d​y).-\frac{(n+r+1)!}{2}\left(\int_{\Delta}\varepsilon_{r}(y)\,\text{\rm d}x\,\text{\rm d}y+\int_{\Delta}L(y)\cdot\varepsilon_{n}(L(y)^{-1}x)\,\text{\rm d}x\,\text{\rm d}y\right).

Let I1I_{1} and I2I_{2} be the two above integrals. Observe Δ=⋃y∈Δr({y}×L⁡(y)⋅Δn)\Delta=\bigcup_{y\in\Delta^{r}}(\{y\}\times L(y)\cdot\Delta^{n}). Then

vol⁡(Δ)\displaystyle\operatorname{vol}(\Delta) =∫Δr(∫L⁡(y)⋅Δn𝑑x)​d​y=1n!​∫ΔrL​(y)n​d​y,\displaystyle=\int_{\Delta^{r}}\left(\int_{L(y)\cdot\Delta^{n}}dx\right)\,\text{\rm d}y=\frac{1}{n!}\int_{\Delta^{r}}L(y)^{n}\,\text{\rm d}y,
I1\displaystyle I_{1} =∫Δr(∫L⁡(y)⋅Δnd​x)​εr​(y)​d​y=1n!​∫ΔrL​(y)n​εr​(y)​d​y,\displaystyle=\int_{\Delta^{r}}\left(\int_{L(y)\cdot\Delta^{n}}\,\text{\rm d}x\right)\varepsilon_{r}(y)\,\text{\rm d}y=\frac{1}{n!}\int_{\Delta^{r}}L(y)^{n}\varepsilon_{r}(y)\,\text{\rm d}y,

since ∫L⁡(y)⋅Δnd​x=L​(y)n/n!\int_{L(y)\cdot\Delta^{n}}\,\text{\rm d}x=L(y)^{n}/n!. And, for the second integral,

I2\displaystyle I_{2} =∫ΔrL⁡(y)​(∫L⁡(y)⋅Δnεn​(L​(y)−1​x)​d​x)​d​y\displaystyle=\int_{\Delta^{r}}L(y)\left(\int_{L(y)\cdot\Delta^{n}}\varepsilon_{n}(L(y)^{-1}x)\,\text{\rm d}x\right)\,\text{\rm d}y
=(∫ΔrL(y)n+1dy)⋅(∫Δnεn(x)dx)=−2​h𝒪⁡(1)¯​(ℙn)(n+1)!∫ΔrL(y)n+1dy.\displaystyle=\left(\int_{\Delta^{r}}L(y)^{n+1}\,\text{\rm d}y\right)\cdot\left(\int_{\Delta^{n}}\varepsilon_{n}(x)\,\text{\rm d}x\right)=-\frac{2\operatorname{h}_{{\overline{{\mathcal{O}}(1)}}}(\mathbb{P}^{n})}{(n+1)!}\int_{\Delta^{r}}L(y)^{n+1}\,\text{\rm d}y.

since ∫L⁡(y)⋅Δnεn​(L​(y)−1​x)​d​x=L​(y)n​∫Δnεn​(x)​d​x\int_{L(y)\cdot\Delta^{n}}\varepsilon_{n}(L(y)^{-1}x)\,\text{\rm d}x=L(y)^{n}\int_{\Delta^{n}}\varepsilon_{n}(x)\,\text{\rm d}x and

∫Δnεn​(x)​d​x=−1(n+1)!⋅∑h=1n∑j=1h1j=−2​h𝒪⁡(1)¯​(ℙn)(n+1)!.\int_{\Delta^{n}}\varepsilon_{n}(x)\,\text{\rm d}x=\frac{-1}{(n+1)!}\cdot\sum_{h=1}^{n}\sum_{j=1}^{h}\frac{1}{j}=-\frac{2\operatorname{h}_{{\overline{{\mathcal{O}}(1)}}}(\mathbb{P}^{n})}{(n+1)!}.

The expression for vol⁡(Δ)\operatorname{vol}(\Delta) gives the formula for the degree. Carrying the expressions of I1I_{1} and I2I_{2} in (8.25) concludes the proof of Lemma 8.22. ∎

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