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6. The smooth locus of the SYZ fibration [04Y5]

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6. The smooth locus of the SYZ fibration

Theorem 6.1.

Let XX be a maximally degenerate Calabi-Yau variety over KK of dimension nn, and assume that XX has a good dlt-model 𝒳\mathscr{X} over RR with reduced special fiber. Then the non-archimedean SYZ fibration

ρ𝒳:Xan→Sk⁡(X)\rho_{\mathscr{X}}\colon X^{\mathrm{an}}\to\mathrm{Sk}(X)

associated with 𝒳\mathscr{X} is an nn-dimensional affinoid torus fibration over the complement of some piecewise linear subset ZZ of Sk⁡(X)\mathrm{Sk}(X) of codimension ≥2\geq 2. Moreover, the induced integral affine structure on Sk⁡(X)∖Z\mathrm{Sk}(X)\setminus Z is compatible with the canonical piecewise integral affine structure on Sk⁡(X)\mathrm{Sk}(X) (see (2)), in the sense that they give rise to the same piecewise integral affine functions on Sk⁡(X)∖Z\mathrm{Sk}(X)\setminus Z.

Recall that, if XX is projective, such a model 𝒳\mathscr{X} can always be found after a finite extension of the base field KK (Theorem 1.11). We also recall that, if XX is a maximally degenerate projective Calabi-Yau variety over KK and hi,0​(X)=0h^{i,0}(X)=0 for 0<i<dim(X)0<i<\dim(X), then the essential skeleton Sk⁡(X)\mathrm{Sk}(X) is a closed pseudo-manifold with the rational homology of the nn-sphere SnS^{n} [NX16a, 4.2.4]. If, moreover, XX has dimension 33 and trivial geometric fundamental group, then Sk⁡(X)\mathrm{Sk}(X) is homeomorphic to SnS^{n} by [KX16, §34].

Proof.

By Corollary 4.6, the model 𝒳\mathscr{X} is snc along every one-dimensional stratum CC of 𝒳\mathscr{X}. By means of a finite sequence of blow-ups at zero-dimensional strata, we can moreover arrange that, for every prime component EE of 𝒳k\mathscr{X}_{k} that contains CC, the intersection number (C⋅E)(C\cdot E) is negative. This may destroy the property that 𝒳k\mathscr{X}_{k} is reduced, but it preserves the properties that 𝒳\mathscr{X} is snc along every one-dimensional stratum, 𝒳\mathscr{X} is a good minimal dlt-model, and 𝒳\mathscr{X} satisfies assumption (2). Moreover, the sequence of blow-ups has no effect on the map ρ𝒳\rho_{\mathscr{X}}, by [MN15, 3.1.7]; the effect on the skeleton Δ⁡(𝒳snc)\Delta(\mathscr{X}^{\mathrm{snc}}) is a sequence of star subdivisions of the faces corresponding to the zero-dimensional strata [MN15, 3.1.9].

Thus it suffices to prove the theorem under the following alternative assumptions on the model 𝒳\mathscr{X}:

  • •

    𝒳\mathscr{X} is a good minimal dlt-model satisfying (2);

  • •

    for every one-dimensional stratum CC of 𝒳k\mathscr{X}_{k}, the model 𝒳\mathscr{X} is snc along CC;

  • •

    for every one-dimensional stratum CC of 𝒳k\mathscr{X}_{k} and every prime component EE of 𝒳k\mathscr{X}_{k} that contains CC, the component EE has multiplicity one in 𝒳k\mathscr{X}_{k}, and the intersection number (C⋅E)(C\cdot E) is negative.

Let ZZ be the union of the faces of codimension ≥2\geq 2 in Δ⁡(𝒳snc)\Delta(\mathscr{X}^{\mathrm{snc}}). We will prove that ρ𝒳\rho_{\mathscr{X}} is an nn-dimensional affinoid torus fibration over Sk⁡(X)∖Z\mathrm{Sk}(X)\setminus Z.

Let CC be a one-dimensional stratum of 𝒳k\mathscr{X}_{k}. By adjunction, the model 𝒳\mathscr{X} is log Calabi-Yau along CC in the sense of (5). Thus 𝒳\mathscr{X} is toric along CC, by Proposition 5.4. More precisely, The proof of Proposition 5.4 gives an explicit description of the formal completion 𝒳/C^\widehat{\mathscr{X}_{/C}} of 𝒳\mathscr{X} along CC. Note that, under our assumptions and with the notations in that proof, the number ι\iota is equal to one and Nj=1N_{j}=1 for every j∈Jj\in J, so that we can make the construction of the fan Σ\Sigma more explicit: we choose a bijection of JJ with {1,…,n}\{1,\ldots,n\}. Then we can take for (u0,…,un−1)(u_{0},\ldots,u_{n-1}) the standard basis of ℤn\mathbb{Z}^{n}, and set un=0u_{n}=0. The vector v∞v_{\infty} is now given by (−1,b1,…,bn−1,N∞)(-1,b_{1},\ldots,b_{n-1},N_{\infty}). Let Σ\Sigma be the fan with maximal cones σ0\sigma_{0} and σ∞\sigma_{\infty}. Then the toric scheme 𝒴\mathscr{Y} constructed in the proof of Proposition 5.4 is precisely the torus embedding associated with Σ\Sigma in the sense of Example 3.5.

Let UU be the union in Δ⁡(𝒳snc)\Delta(\mathscr{X}^{\mathrm{snc}}) of the open faces corresponding to the strata c0c_{0}, c∞c_{\infty} and CC in 𝒳k\mathscr{X}_{k}. This is an open subset of Sk⁡(X)\mathrm{Sk}(X) and, as CC varies, these open sets cover Sk⁡(X)∖Z\mathrm{Sk}(X)\setminus Z. Thus it suffices to show that ρ𝒳\rho_{\mathscr{X}} is an nn-dimensional affinoid torus fibration over UU, and that the induced integral affine structure on UU is compatible with the piecewise integral affine structure on Δ⁡(𝒳snc)\Delta(\mathscr{X}^{\mathrm{snc}}).

Set T=𝔾m,KnT=\mathbb{G}^{n}_{m,K} and let VV be the interior of the intersection of |Σ||\Sigma| with ℝn×{1}\mathbb{R}^{n}\times\{1\}. It follows directly from the construction of ρ𝒳\rho_{\mathscr{X}} that ρ𝒳−1​(U)\rho_{\mathscr{X}}^{-1}(U) is the generic fiber of 𝒳/C^\widehat{\mathscr{X}_{/C}}, and that the restriction of ρ𝒳\rho_{\mathscr{X}} over UU only depends on the formal RR-scheme 𝒳/C^\widehat{\mathscr{X}_{/C}}. If DD is the torus orbit in 𝒴k\mathscr{Y}_{k} corresponding to the codimension one cone σ0∩σ∞\sigma_{0}\cap\sigma_{\infty} in Σ\Sigma, then we have shown in the proof of Proposition 5.4 that 𝒳/C^\widehat{\mathscr{X}_{/C}} is isomorphic to 𝒴/D^\widehat{\mathscr{Y}_{/D}}. Thus, by Example 3.5, we can identify the restriction of ρ𝒳\rho_{\mathscr{X}} over UU with the restriction of ρT\rho_{T} over VV, which is an nn-dimensional affinoid torus fibration by definition.

It remains to show that the induced integral affine structure on VV is compatible with the piecewise integral affine structure on UU. We will check this on the open face τ0\tau_{0} corresponding to σ0\sigma_{0}; the result for σ∞\sigma_{\infty} then follows by switching the roles of c0c_{0} and c∞c_{\infty}. We have labelled the rays of σ0\sigma_{0} by 0,…,n0,\ldots,n; this induces a labelling of the vertices of τ0\tau_{0} and thus defines a system of barycentric coordinates (w0,…,wn)(w_{0},\ldots,w_{n}) on the nn-simplex τ0\tau_{0}. By definition [MN15, 3.2.1], a real-valued function on a connected open subset of τ0\tau_{0} is integral affine if we can write it as a degree one polynomial with ℤ\mathbb{Z}-coefficients in the variables (w0/N0,w1,…,wn)(w_{0}/N_{0},w_{1},\ldots,w_{n}). This coincides with the notion of an integral affine function on the nn-simplex σ0∩(ℝn×{1})\sigma_{0}\cap(\mathbb{R}^{n}\times\{1\}), which is the convex hull of the points

(u0/N0,1),(u1,1),…,(un,1).(u_{0}/N_{0},1),\ (u_{1},1),\ldots,(u_{n},1).

This concludes the proof. ∎

(6.2) Note that the proof of Proposition 5.4 gives an explicit description of the set ZZ and the integral affine structure on Sk⁡(X)∖Z\mathrm{Sk}(X)\setminus Z induced by the non-archimedean SYZ fibration: after our finite sequence of blow-ups at zero-dimensional strata, the gluing data along codimension one faces of the skeleton are determined by the intersection numbers (C⋅E)(C\cdot E). This is quite similar to the constructions for log Calabi-Yau surfaces in [GHK15, Yu16a] and for toric degenerations in the Gross-Siebert program [GS11b].

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