ScalingStacks

3. Affinoid torus fibrations [04XC]

Original official author HTML, exact retained edition. Historical TeX conversion verdicts remain unchanged. Cited-edition alignment and mathematical self-containment are not assessed.

Complete original source context Β· Original author HTML

3. Affinoid torus fibrations

(3.1) Let XX be a maximally degenerate Calabi-Yau variety and let 𝒳\mathscr{X} be a good minimal dlt-model of XX with reduced special fiber. Then we will see in Corollary 4.6 that 𝒳\mathscr{X} satisfies assumption (2), so that it gives rise to a non-archimedean SYZ fibration ρ𝒳:Xanβ†’Sk⁑(X)\rho_{\mathscr{X}}\colon X^{\mathrm{an}}\to\mathrm{Sk}(X) in the sense of Definition 2.5. The principal aim of this article is to study the fibers of ρ𝒳\rho_{\mathscr{X}}. In the classical SYZ conjecture, the fibers of the SYZ fibration are expected to be special Lagrangian tori away from a codimension two subset of the base. We will now present the corresponding structure in non-archimedean geometry, which was introduced in [KS06, Β§4.1].

(3.2) Let nn be a positive integer, and let TT be a split algebraic KK-torus of dimension nn with character module MM and cocharacter module N=M∨N=M^{\vee}. We define the tropicalization map of TT by

ρT:Tanβ†’Nℝ:x↦(M→ℝ:mβ†¦βˆ’ln|m(x)|).\rho_{T}\colon T^{\mathrm{an}}\to N_{\mathbb{R}}\colon x\mapsto(M\to\mathbb{R}\colon m\mapsto-\ln|m(x)|).

This map is continuous, and its fibers are (not necessarily strictly) KK-affinoid tori. The tropicalization map ρT\rho_{T} has a canonical continuous section s:Nℝ→Tans\colon N_{\mathbb{R}}\to T^{\mathrm{an}} that maps each n∈Nℝn\in N_{\mathbb{R}} to the Gauss point of the affinoid torus ρTβˆ’1​(n)\rho^{-1}_{T}(n). The image of ss is called the canonical skeleton of TT, and denoted by Δ⁑(T)\Delta(T). The map ss induces a homeomorphism Nℝ→Δ⁑(T)N_{\mathbb{R}}\to\Delta(T), which we will use to tacitly identify Δ⁑(T)\Delta(T) with NℝN_{\mathbb{R}}.

(3.3) Let YY be a KK-analytic space, let BB be a topological space and let f:Yβ†’Bf\colon Y\to B be a continuous map. Then we say that ff is an nn-dimensional affinoid torus fibration if we can cover BB by open subsets UU such that there exist an open subset VV of Nℝ≅ℝnN_{\mathbb{R}}\cong\mathbb{R}^{n} and a commutative diagram

fβˆ’1​(U)\textstyle{f^{-1}(U)\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}f\scriptstyle{f}ρTβˆ’1​(V)\textstyle{\rho_{T}^{-1}(V)\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}ρT\scriptstyle{\rho_{T}}U\textstyle{U\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}V\textstyle{V}

where the upper horizontal map is an isomorphism of KK-analytic spaces and the lower horizontal map is a homeomorphism.

(3.4) If f:Yβ†’Bf\colon Y\to B is an nn-dimensional affinoid torus fibration, then ff induces an integral affine structure on the base BB [KS06, Β§4.1]. For every open UU in BB as in the definition, and every invertible analytic function hh on fβˆ’1​(U)f^{-1}(U), the absolute value of hh is constant on the fibers of ff by the maximum modulus principle. Thus hh induces a continuous function |h|:U→ℝ>0|h|\colon U\to\mathbb{R}_{>0}. The integral affine functions on UU are, by definition, the functions of the form βˆ’ln⁑|h|-\ln|h|. If UU is connected, then it is proven in Theorem 1 of [KS06, Β§4.1] that under the homeomorphism Uβ†’VU\to V, the ring of integral affine functions on UU is identified with the ring of polynomial functions of degree one with β„€\mathbb{Z}-coefficients on VβŠ‚NℝV\subset N_{\mathbb{R}}, so that this construction indeed defines an integral affine structure on BB (to be precise, in [KS06] the authors consider affine functions with constant term in ℝ\mathbb{R}, rather than β„€\mathbb{Z}, but since KK is discretely valued in our case, we get a slightly stronger result).

Example 3.5.

We use the tropicalization map to identify the canonical skeleton Δ⁑(T)\Delta(T) with NℝN_{\mathbb{R}}. We denote by CC the open cone (Nℝ×ℝ>0)βˆͺ{0}(N_{\mathbb{R}}\times\mathbb{R}_{>0})\cup\{0\} in Nβ„βŠ•β„N_{\mathbb{R}}\oplus\mathbb{R}. Let Ξ£\Sigma be a locally finite fan of strongly convex rational polyhedral cones in CC. We denote by Ξ£1\Sigma_{1} the rational polyhedral complex in NℝN_{\mathbb{R}} obtained by intersecting the cones in Ξ£\Sigma with Nℝ×{1}N_{\mathbb{R}}\times\{1\}. Consider the torus embedding T→𝒳T\to\mathscr{X} over RR associated with Ξ£\Sigma as in [KΓΌ98, 1.13]. The RR-scheme 𝒳\mathscr{X} is separated and locally of finite type, and it is quasi-compact if and only if Ξ£\Sigma is finite. Since Ξ£\Sigma is supported in CC, the generic fiber of 𝒳\mathscr{X} is canonically isomorphic to the split KK-torus TT. Assume that 𝒳\mathscr{X} is regular; this is equivalent to the property that the fan Ξ£\Sigma is simple, and it implies that the special fiber 𝒳k\mathscr{X}_{k} is a strict normal crossings divisor. Denote by 𝔛\mathfrak{X} the formal tt-adic completion of 𝒳\mathscr{X}. The generic fiber 𝔛η\mathfrak{X}_{\eta} is a KK-analytic space endowed with a natural injective morphism of KK-analytic spaces i:𝔛η→Tani:\mathfrak{X}_{\eta}\to T^{\mathrm{an}}. The morphism ii embeds 𝔛η\mathfrak{X}_{\eta} as an analytic domain in TanT^{\mathrm{an}}.

The construction of the Berkovich skeleton Sk⁑(𝒳)\mathrm{Sk}(\mathscr{X}) and the retraction map ρ𝒳\rho_{\mathscr{X}} in [MN15, Β§3] are local on 𝒳\mathscr{X}, so that they extend immediately to schemes that are locally of finite type. This yields a canonical embedding of the dual intersection complex Δ⁑(𝒳)\Delta(\mathscr{X}) of 𝒳k\mathscr{X}_{k} into 𝔛η\mathfrak{X}_{\eta}. The image of this embedding is called the Berkovich skeleton of 𝒳\mathscr{X}. The embedding has a canonical retraction ρ𝒳:𝔛η→Δ⁑(𝒳)\rho_{\mathscr{X}}:\mathfrak{X}_{\eta}\to\Delta(\mathscr{X}). It follows directly from the definitions that Δ⁑(𝒳)\Delta(\mathscr{X}) is contained in Δ⁑(T)=Nℝ\Delta(T)=N_{\mathbb{R}} and coincides with the support of Ξ£1\Sigma_{1}. In particular, if Ξ£\Sigma is a subdivision of CC, then Δ⁑(𝒳)=Δ⁑(T)\Delta(\mathscr{X})=\Delta(T). Moreover, the Ξ”\Delta-structure on Δ⁑(𝒳)\Delta(\mathscr{X}) is precisely the polyhedral decomposition Ξ£1\Sigma_{1}. We have 𝔛η=ρTβˆ’1​(|Ξ£1|)\mathfrak{X}_{\eta}=\rho_{T}^{-1}(|\Sigma_{1}|), and the retraction map ρ𝒳\rho_{\mathscr{X}} is the restriction of ρT\rho_{T} to 𝔛η\mathfrak{X}_{\eta}.

(3.6) As a first application, let us discuss the case of abelian varieties. Let AA be an abelian KK-variety of dimension nn, and denote by π’œ\mathscr{A} its NΓ©ron model. Then Berkovich has constructed in [Be90, Β§6.5] a canonical skeleton Δ⁑(A)\Delta(A) in AanA^{\mathrm{an}}, together with a continuous retraction ρA:Aan→Δ⁑(A)\rho_{A}\colon A^{\mathrm{an}}\to\Delta(A), via the theory of non-archimedean uniformization. The dimension of Δ⁑(A)\Delta(A) is equal to the toric rank of π’œko\mathscr{A}^{o}_{k} (the dimension of the maximal subtorus). Let us make this construction more precise in the maximally degenerate case. Assume that AA has purely toric reduction, that is, π’œko\mathscr{A}^{o}_{k} is a torus. Let ee be the identity point on AA. Then the universal pointed covering space of (A,e)(A,e) (with respect to the Berkovich topology) is isomorphic to the analytification of a split nn-dimensional KK-torus TT. The kernel LL of the morphism Ο€:Ta​nβ†’Aan\pi\colon T^{an}\to A^{\mathrm{an}} is a lattice in T⁑(K)T(K) (called the period lattice), and the image ρT​(L)\rho_{T}(L) of LL in NℝN_{\mathbb{R}} is a lattice of rank nn. By definition, the canonical skeleton Δ⁑(A)\Delta(A) is the image of Δ⁑(T)\Delta(T) under the map Ο€\pi. Moreover, we have a Cartesian diagram of topological spaces

Tan\textstyle{T^{\mathrm{an}}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}ρT\scriptstyle{\rho_{T}}Ο€\scriptstyle{\pi}Nℝ\textstyle{N_{\mathbb{R}}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}Aan\textstyle{A^{\mathrm{an}}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}ρA\scriptstyle{\rho_{A}}Nℝ/ρT​(L)\textstyle{N_{\mathbb{R}}/\rho_{T}(L)}

such that ρA\rho_{A} sends Δ⁑(A)\Delta(A) homeomorphically onto Nℝ/ρT​(L)N_{\mathbb{R}}/\rho_{T}(L). In particular, Δ⁑(A)\Delta(A) is a real torus of dimension nn, ρA\rho_{A} is an nn-dimensional torus fibration, and the induced integral affine structure on Δ⁑(A)\Delta(A) coincides with the quotient structure on Nℝ/ρT​(L)N_{\mathbb{R}}/\rho_{T}(L).

(3.7) If AA has purely toric reduction, then we can interpret ρA\rho_{A} as a non-archimedean SYZ fibration by means of the theory of Mumford models [Mu72] and the refinements of Mumford’s construction given in [KΓΌ98]. We say that a model 𝒫\mathscr{P} of AA is a KΓΌnnemann-Mumford model if it is a regular model that arises through the construction in the proof of [KΓΌ98, 3.5].

Proposition 3.8.

Let AA be an abelian KK-variety of dimension nn. Then the essential skeleton Sk⁑(A)\mathrm{Sk}(A) of AA coincides with Berkovich’s canonical skeleton Δ⁑(A)\Delta(A). If AA has semi-abelian reduction and 𝒫\mathscr{P} is a KΓΌnnemann-Mumford model of AA over RR, then 𝒫\mathscr{P} is a good minimal dlt-model that satisfies assumption (2). If AA has purely toric reduction, then the non-archimedean SYZ fibration ρ𝒫\rho_{\mathscr{P}} coincides with Berkovich’s canonical retraction ρA\rho_{A}. In particular, ρ𝒫\rho_{\mathscr{P}} is an nn-dimensional affinoid torus fibration.

Proof.

The equality Δ⁑(A)=Sk⁑(A)\Delta(A)=\mathrm{Sk}(A) is proven in [HN17, 4.3.2]. Let 𝒫\mathscr{P} be a KΓΌnnemann-Mumford model for AA over RR. Then, by definition, 𝒫\mathscr{P} is an snc-model, and thus certainly good and dlt. It is shown in [HN17, 5.1.7] that 𝒫\mathscr{P} is minimal.

Let 𝒫~\widetilde{\mathscr{P}} be a regular relatively complete model of TT as in [KΓΌ98, 2.11] such that the formal tt-adic completion of 𝒫\mathscr{P} arises as a quotient of the formal tt-adic completion of 𝒫~\widetilde{\mathscr{P}} under an action of the period lattice. Then, by construction, 𝒫~\widetilde{\mathscr{P}} is a torus embedding of TT over RR, and we have a commutative diagram

Tan\textstyle{T^{\mathrm{an}}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}Ο€\scriptstyle{\pi}ρT\scriptstyle{\rho_{T}}ρ𝒫~\scriptstyle{\rho_{\widetilde{\mathscr{P}}}}Δ⁑(T)\textstyle{\Delta(T)\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}Aan\textstyle{A^{\mathrm{an}}\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces\ignorespaces}ρA\scriptstyle{\rho_{A}}ρ𝒫\scriptstyle{\rho_{\mathscr{P}}}Δ⁑(A).\textstyle{\Delta(A).}

Thus in order to prove that ρ𝒫=ρA\rho_{\mathscr{P}}=\rho_{A}, it suffices to observe that ρ𝒫~=ρT\rho_{\widetilde{\mathscr{P}}}=\rho_{T} by Example 3.5. ∎

Remark 3.9.

A refinement of the proof shows that the equality ρA=ρ𝒫\rho_{A}=\rho_{\mathscr{P}} remains valid if we only assume that AA has semi-abelian reduction; then the non-archimedean uniformization of AA takes the form Ο€:Eanβ†’Aan\pi:E^{\mathrm{an}}\to A^{\mathrm{an}}, where EE is an extension of an abelian KK-variety BB with good reduction by a split KK-torus TT. The dimension of TT is precisely the toric rank of π’œko\mathscr{A}^{o}_{k}, the identity component of the special fiber of the NΓ©ron model of AA. The KΓΌnnemann-Mumford construction produces a relatively complete model 𝒫~\widetilde{\mathscr{P}} of EE that is a Zariski-locally trivial fibration in torus embeddings over the NΓ©ron model of BB. Since we do not need this generalization in this paper, we omit the details.

Original mathematics by the credited authors. Source-backed reader collection; mathematical self-containment is not assessed.