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6.2. Global heights of toric varieties [02WQ]

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6.2. Global heights of toric varieties

In this section we prove the integral formula for the global height of a toric variety.

Let (𝕂,𝔐𝕂)(\mathbb{K},\mathfrak{M}_{\mathbb{K}}) be an adelic field. Let Ξ£\Sigma be a complete fan on NℝN_{\mathbb{R}} and Ξ¨i\Psi_{i}, i=0,…,di=0,\dots,d, be virtual support functions on Ξ£\Sigma. For each ii, let Li=LΞ¨iL_{i}=L_{\Psi_{i}} and sΞ¨is_{\Psi_{i}} be the associated toric line bundle and toric section, and βˆ₯β‹…βˆ₯i=(βˆ₯β‹…βˆ₯i,v)vβˆˆπ”π•‚\|\cdot\|_{i}=(\|\cdot\|_{i,v})_{v\in\mathfrak{M}_{\mathbb{K}}} an integrable adelic toric metric on LiL_{i}. Write LΒ―i=(Li,βˆ₯β‹…βˆ₯i){\overline{L}}_{i}=(L_{i},\|\cdot\|_{i}) and, for each vβˆˆπ”π•‚v\in\mathfrak{M}_{\mathbb{K}}, also LΒ―iv=(Li,||β‹…||i,v){\overline{L}}_{i}^{v}=(L_{i},||\cdot||_{i,v}). Write also LΒ―ican{\overline{L}}_{i}^{{\operatorname{can}}} for the same line bundles equipped with the canonical adelic toric metric. This is also an integrable adelic toric metric.

From the local toric height we can define a toric (global) height for adelic toric metrics as follows.

Definition 6.32.

Let YY be a dd-dimensional cycle of XΞ£X_{\Sigma}. The toric height of YY with respect to LΒ―0,…,LΒ―d{\overline{L}}_{0},\dots,{\overline{L}}_{d} is

hLΒ―0,…,LΒ―dtor⁑(Y)=βˆ‘vβˆˆπ”π•‚nv​hLΒ―0v,…,LΒ―dvtor⁑(Y)βˆˆβ„.\operatorname{h}^{\operatorname{tor}}_{{\overline{L}}_{0},\dots,{\overline{L}}_{d}}(Y)=\sum_{v\in\mathfrak{M}_{\mathbb{K}}}n_{v}\operatorname{h}^{\operatorname{tor}}_{{\overline{L}}_{0}^{v},\dots,{\overline{L}}_{d}^{v}}(Y)\in\mathbb{R}.
Remark 6.33.

Definition 6.32 makes sense because the condition of the metrics being adelic imply that only a finite number of terms in the sum are non-zero. Moreover, the value of the toric height depends on the toric structure of the involved line bundle, but its class in ℝ/def⁑(𝕂×)\mathbb{R}/\operatorname{def}(\mathbb{K}^{\times}) does not.

Remark 6.34.

In general, the toric height is not a global height in the sense of Definition 2.56. It is the difference between the global height with respect to the given metric and the global height with respect to the canonical metric. Nevertheless, the next result shows that the global height of the closure of an orbit or of a toric subvariety agrees with the toric height defined above.

Proposition 6.35.

With notations as above, let YY be either the closure of an orbit or a toric subvariety. Then YY is integrable with respect to LΒ―0,…,LΒ―d{\overline{L}}_{0},\dots,{\overline{L}}_{d} in the sense of Definition 2.53. Moreover, its global height is given by

hLΒ―0,…,LΒ―d⁑(Y)=[hLΒ―0,…,LΒ―dtor⁑(Y)]βˆˆβ„/def⁑(𝕂×).\operatorname{h}_{{\overline{L}}_{0},\dots,{\overline{L}}_{d}}(Y)=\left[\operatorname{h}^{\operatorname{tor}}_{{\overline{L}}_{0},\dots,{\overline{L}}_{d}}(Y)\right]\in\mathbb{R}/\operatorname{def}(\mathbb{K}^{\times}).
Proof.

In view of propositions 6.25, 6.27 and the fact that the restriction of the canonical metric to closures of orbits and to toric subvarieties is the canonical metric (corollaries 5.23 and 5.25), we are reduced to treat the case Y=XΞ£Y=X_{\Sigma}.

Thus we assume that XΞ£X_{\Sigma} has dimension dd. We next prove that XΞ£X_{\Sigma} is integrable with respect to LΒ―0can,…,LΒ―dcan{\overline{L}}_{0}^{{\operatorname{can}}},\dots,{\overline{L}}_{d}^{{\operatorname{can}}} and that the corresponding global height is zero. By a polarization argument, we can reduce to the case Ξ¨0=β‹―=Ξ¨d=Ξ¨\Psi_{0}=\dots=\Psi_{d}=\Psi. The proof is done by induction on dd. For short, write L=π’ͺ⁑(DΞ¨)L={\mathcal{O}}(D_{\Psi}) and s=sΞ¨s=s_{\Psi}.

Let d=0d=0. By equation (2.40), for each vβˆˆπ”π•‚v\in\mathfrak{M}_{\mathbb{K}},

hLΒ―v,can⁑(XΞ£;s)=βˆ’log⁑‖sβ€–v,Ξ¨=Ψ⁑(0)=0.\operatorname{h}_{{\overline{L}}^{v,{\operatorname{can}}}}(X_{\Sigma};s)=-\log\|s\|_{v,\Psi}=\Psi(0)=0.

Furthermore, hLΒ―can⁑(XΞ£;s)=βˆ‘vnv​hLΒ―v,can⁑(XΞ£;s)=0\operatorname{h}_{{\overline{L}}^{{\operatorname{can}}}}(X_{\Sigma};s)=\sum_{v}n_{v}\operatorname{h}_{{\overline{L}}^{v,{\operatorname{can}}}}(X_{\Sigma};s)=0.

Now let dβ‰₯1d\geq 1. By the construction of local heights, for each vβˆˆπ”π•‚v\in\mathfrak{M}_{\mathbb{K}},

(6.36) hLΒ―v,can⁑(XΞ£,s0,…,sdβˆ’1,s)=\displaystyle\operatorname{h}_{{\overline{L}}^{v,{\operatorname{can}}}}(X_{\Sigma};s_{0},\dots,s_{d-1},s)= hLΒ―v,can⁑(div⁑(s),s0,…,sdβˆ’1)\displaystyle\operatorname{h}_{{\overline{L}}^{v,{\operatorname{can}}}}(\operatorname{div}(s);s_{0},\dots,s_{d-1})
βˆ’βˆ«XΞ£v,anlogβˆ₯sβˆ₯v,Ξ¨c1(LΒ―v,can)d∧δXΞ£.\displaystyle-\int_{X_{\Sigma}^{v,{\text{\rm an}}}}\log\|s\|_{v,\Psi}c_{1}({\overline{L}}^{v,{\operatorname{can}}})^{d}\wedge\delta_{X_{\Sigma}}.

As shown in (6.14), the last term in the equality above vanishes. Hence

hLΒ―v,can⁑(XΞ£,s0,…,sdβˆ’1,s)=hLΒ―v,can⁑(div⁑(s),s0,…,sdβˆ’1).\operatorname{h}_{{\overline{L}}^{v,{\operatorname{can}}}}(X_{\Sigma};s_{0},\dots,s_{d-1},s)=\operatorname{h}_{{\overline{L}}^{v,{\operatorname{can}}}}(\operatorname{div}(s);s_{0},\dots,s_{d-1}).

The divisor div⁑(s)\operatorname{div}(s) is a linear combination of subvarieties of the form V⁑(Ο„)V(\tau), Ο„βˆˆΞ£1\tau\in\Sigma^{1}, and the restriction of the canonical metric to these varieties coincides with their canonical metrics. With the inductive hypothesis, this shows that XΞ£X_{\Sigma} is integrable with respect to LΒ―can{\overline{L}}^{{\operatorname{can}}}. Adding up the resulting equalities over all places,

hLΒ―can⁑(XΞ£,s0,…,sdβˆ’1,s)=hLΒ―can⁑(div⁑(s),s0,…,sdβˆ’1).\operatorname{h}_{{\overline{L}}^{{\operatorname{can}}}}(X_{\Sigma};s_{0},\dots,s_{d-1},s)=\operatorname{h}_{{\overline{L}}^{{\operatorname{can}}}}(\operatorname{div}(s);s_{0},\dots,s_{d-1}).

Using again the inductive hypothesis, hLΒ―can⁑(XΞ£,s0,…,sdβˆ’1,s)∈def⁑(𝕂×)\operatorname{h}_{{\overline{L}}^{{\operatorname{can}}}}(X_{\Sigma};s_{0},\dots,s_{d-1},s)\in\operatorname{def}(\mathbb{K}^{\times}).

We now prove the statements of the theorem. Again by a polarization argument, we can also reduce to the case when LΒ―0=β‹―=LΒ―d=LΒ―{\overline{L}}_{0}=\dots={\overline{L}}_{d}={\overline{L}}. By the definition of approachable adelic toric metrics, XΞ£X_{\Sigma} is also integrable with respect to LΒ―{\overline{L}}. Furthermore,

hLΒ―tor⁑(XΞ£)=hL¯⁑(XΞ£,s0,…,sd)βˆ’hLΒ―can⁑(XΞ£,s0,…,sd)\operatorname{h}^{\operatorname{tor}}_{{\overline{L}}}(X_{\Sigma})=\operatorname{h}_{{\overline{L}}}(X_{\Sigma};s_{0},\dots,s_{d})-\operatorname{h}_{{\overline{L}}^{{\operatorname{can}}}}(X_{\Sigma};s_{0},\dots,s_{d})

for any choice of sections sis_{i} intersecting XΞ£X_{\Sigma} properly. Hence, the classes of hL¯⁑(XΞ£)\operatorname{h}_{{\overline{L}}}(X_{\Sigma}) and of hL¯⁑(XΞ£,s0,…,sd)\operatorname{h}_{{\overline{L}}}(X_{\Sigma};s_{0},\dots,s_{d}) agree up to def⁑(𝕂×)\operatorname{def}(\mathbb{K}^{\times}). But the latter is the global height of XΞ£X_{\Sigma} with respect to LΒ―{\overline{L}}, hence the second statement. ∎

Summing up the preceding results we obtain a formula for the height of a toric variety.

Theorem 6.37.

Let Ξ£\Sigma be a complete fan on NℝN_{\mathbb{R}}. Let LΒ―i=(Li,βˆ₯β‹…βˆ₯i){\overline{L}}_{i}=(L_{i},\|\cdot\|_{i}), i=0,…,ni=0,\dots,n, be toric line bundles on XΞ£X_{\Sigma} generated by its global sections and equipped with approachable adelic toric metrics. For each ii, let sis_{i} be a toric section of LiL_{i}. Then the height of XΞ£X_{\Sigma} with respect to LΒ―0,…,LΒ―n{\overline{L}}_{0},\dots,{\overline{L}}_{n} is

(6.38) hLΒ―0,…,LΒ―n⁑(XΞ£)=\displaystyle\operatorname{h}_{{\overline{L}}_{0},\dots,{\overline{L}}_{n}}(X_{\Sigma})= [βˆ‘vβˆˆπ”π•‚nv​MIM​(Ο‘LΒ―0v,s0,…,Ο‘LΒ―nv,sn)]βˆˆβ„/def⁑(𝕂×).\displaystyle\left[\sum_{v\in\mathfrak{M}_{\mathbb{K}}}n_{v}\operatorname{MI}_{M}(\vartheta_{{\overline{L}}_{0}^{v},s_{0}},\dots,\vartheta_{{\overline{L}}_{n}^{v},s_{n}})\right]\in\mathbb{R}/\operatorname{def}(\mathbb{K}^{\times}).

In particular, if LΒ―0=β‹―=LΒ―n=LΒ―{\overline{L}}_{0}=\dots={\overline{L}}_{n}={\overline{L}}, let ss be a toric section and put Ξ”=stab⁑(ψLΒ―v,s)\Delta=\operatorname{stab}(\psi_{{\overline{L}}^{v},s}). Then

hL¯⁑(XΞ£)=[(n+1)!β€‹βˆ‘vβˆˆπ”π•‚nvβ€‹βˆ«Ξ”Ο‘LΒ―v,s​d​volM].\operatorname{h}_{{\overline{L}}}(X_{\Sigma})=\left[(n+1)!\sum_{v\in\mathfrak{M}_{\mathbb{K}}}n_{v}\int_{\Delta}\vartheta_{{\overline{L}}^{v},s}\,\text{\rm d}\operatorname{vol}_{M}\right].
Proof.

This follows readily from Corollary 6.21 and Proposition 6.35. ∎

Corollary 6.39.

Let H:Nβ†’β„€rH\colon N\to\mathbb{Z}^{r} be an injective map such that H⁑(N)H(N) is a saturated sublattice of β„€r\mathbb{Z}^{r}, pβˆˆβ„™r​(𝕂)p\in\mathbb{P}^{r}(\mathbb{K}) and YβŠ‚β„™rY\subset\mathbb{P}^{r} the closure of the image of the map Ο†H,p:𝕋→ℙr\varphi_{H,p}\colon\mathbb{T}\to\mathbb{P}^{r}. Let m0∈Mm_{0}\in M and mi=ei∨∘H+m0∈Mm_{i}=e_{i}^{\vee}\circ H+m_{0}\in M, i=1,…,ri=1,\dots,r, and write p=(p0:…:pr)p=(p_{0}:\dots:p_{r}) with piβˆˆπ•‚Γ—p_{i}\in\mathbb{K}^{\times}. Let Ξ”=conv⁑(m0,…,mr)βŠ‚Mℝ\Delta=\operatorname{conv}(m_{0},\dots,m_{r})\subset M_{\mathbb{R}} and Ο‘v:Δ→ℝ\vartheta_{v}\colon\Delta\to\mathbb{R} the function parameterizing the upper envelope of the extended polytope conv⁑((m0,log⁑|p0|v),…,(mr,log⁑|pr|v))βŠ‚Mℝ×ℝ.\operatorname{conv}\left((m_{0},\log|p_{0}|_{v}),\dots,(m_{r},\log|p_{r}|_{v})\right)\subset M_{\mathbb{R}}\times\mathbb{R}. Then YY is integrable and

hO⁑(1)Β―can⁑(Y)=[(n+1)!β€‹βˆ‘vβˆˆπ”π•‚nvβ€‹βˆ«Ξ”Ο‘v​d​volM]βˆˆβ„/def⁑(𝕂×).\operatorname{h}_{{\overline{O(1)}}^{{\operatorname{can}}}}(Y)=\left[(n+1)!\sum_{v\in\mathfrak{M}_{\mathbb{K}}}n_{v}\int_{\Delta}\vartheta_{v}\,\text{\rm d}\operatorname{vol}_{M}\right]\in\mathbb{R}/\operatorname{def}(\mathbb{K}^{\times}).
Proof.

By the definition of adelic field, val𝕂v⁑(p)=0{\operatorname{val}}_{\mathbb{K}_{v}}(p)=0 for almost all vβˆˆπ”π•‚v\in\mathfrak{M}_{\mathbb{K}}. Therefore, the integrability of YY follows as in the proof of Proposition 6.35.

Let Ξ£\Sigma be the complete regular fan of NℝN_{\mathbb{R}} induced by HH and ΣΔr\Sigma_{\Delta^{r}}, and let XΞ£X_{\Sigma} be the associated toric variety. Write Ο†=Ο†H,p\varphi=\varphi_{H,p} for short. The fact that H⁑(N)H(N) is saturated implies that Ο†\varphi has degree 1 and so Y=Ο†βˆ—β€‹XΞ£Y=\varphi_{*}X_{\Sigma}. By the functoriality of the global height (Theorem 2.57(2)),

hπ’ͺ⁑(1)Β―can⁑(Y)=hΟ†βˆ—β€‹(π’ͺ⁑(1)Β―can)⁑(XΞ£).\operatorname{h}_{{\overline{{\mathcal{O}}(1)}}^{{\operatorname{can}}}}(Y)=\operatorname{h}_{\varphi^{*}({\overline{{\mathcal{O}}(1)}}^{{\operatorname{can}}})}(X_{\Sigma}).

Let vβˆˆπ”π•‚v\in\mathfrak{M}_{\mathbb{K}}. Using the results in Example 6.31, it follows from Theorem 6.37 that

hΟ†βˆ—β€‹(π’ͺ¯​(1)can)⁑(XΞ£)=[(n+1)!β€‹βˆ‘vβˆ«Ξ”Β―nv​ϑ¯v​d​volM].\operatorname{h}_{\varphi^{\ast}({\overline{{\mathcal{O}}}}(1)^{{\operatorname{can}}})}(X_{\Sigma})=\left[(n+1)!\sum_{v}\int_{{\overline{\Delta}}}n_{v}{\overline{\vartheta}}_{v}\,\text{\rm d}\operatorname{vol}_{M}\right].

where Δ¯=conv⁑(0,m1βˆ’m0,…,mrβˆ’m0)βŠ‚Mℝ{\overline{\Delta}}=\operatorname{conv}(0,m_{1}-m_{0},\dots,m_{r}-m_{0})\subset M_{\mathbb{R}} and ϑ¯v{\overline{\vartheta}}_{v} is the function parameterizing the upper envelope of the extended polytope

conv⁑((0,0),(m1βˆ’m0,log⁑|p1/p0|v),…,(mrβˆ’m0,log⁑|pr/p0|v))βŠ‚Mℝ×ℝ.\operatorname{conv}\left((0,0),(m_{1}-m_{0},\log|p_{1}/p_{0}|_{v}),\dots,(m_{r}-m_{0},\log|p_{r}/p_{0}|_{v})\right)\subset M_{\mathbb{R}}\times\mathbb{R}.

We have that Δ¯=Ξ”βˆ’m0{\overline{\Delta}}=\Delta-m_{0} and ϑ¯v=Ο„βˆ’m0​ϑvβˆ’log⁑|p0|v{\overline{\vartheta}}_{v}=\tau_{-m_{0}}\vartheta_{v}-\log|p_{0}|_{v}. Hence,

βˆ«Ξ”Β―Ο‘Β―v​d​volM=βˆ«Ξ”Ο‘v​d​volMβˆ’log⁑|p0|v​volM⁑(Ξ”).\int_{{\overline{\Delta}}}{\overline{\vartheta}}_{v}\,\text{\rm d}\operatorname{vol}_{M}=\int_{\Delta}\vartheta_{v}\,\text{\rm d}\operatorname{vol}_{M}-\log|p_{0}|_{v}\operatorname{vol}_{M}(\Delta).

Since βˆ‘vnv​log⁑|p0|v∈def⁑(𝕂×)\sum_{v}n_{v}\log|p_{0}|_{v}\in\operatorname{def}(\mathbb{K}^{\times}), we deduce the result. ∎

Remark 6.40.

The above corollary can be easily extended to the mixed case by using an argument similar to that in the proof of Corollary 6.21. Applying the obtained result to the case when 𝕂\mathbb{K} is a number field (respectively, the field of rational functions of a complete curve) we recover [PS08a, ThΓ©orΓ¨me 0.3] (respectively, [PS08b, Proposition 4.1]).

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