5.6. Proof of the Liouville theorem [054N]
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5.6. Proof of the Liouville theorem
In this subsection, we will complete the proof of Theorem 5.2.
To begin with, we prove the following lemma, which states that any harmonic function with slow exponential growth rate on a -asymptotically Calabi space is in fact almost harmonic with repsect to the Calabi model metric.
Lemma 5.17.
Let be a complete non-compact Riemannian manifold which is -asymptotically Calabi space in the sense of Definition 5.1. Let be a constant such that satisfies
| (5.236) | ||||
then there exists , such that for every fixed , we have for all ,
| (5.237) |
where is a constant depending only on and .
The proof of this is essentially the same as the proof of Claim 4.18 in [HSVZ18]. We omit the details here. By quite explicit computations, the curvatures of the Calabi model space are uniformly bounded as , which allows us to use the local elliptic estimate even though the geometry is collapsing at infinity.
Proof of Theorem 5.2.
We let
| (5.238) |
Let be a harmonic function on the -asymptotically Calabi space , which satisfies
| (5.239) |
By assumption, there exists some large constant , and a diffeomorphism
| (5.240) |
such that for all
| (5.241) |
By the Lemma 5.17, there is some large constant such that
| (5.242) | ||||
| (5.243) |
for all and .
Then applying Proposition 5.16 on , there exists a solution to the equation
| (5.244) |
such that
| (5.245) |
for any . Notice that, as , curvatures are uniformly bounded in the Calabi space. Therefore, we have
| (5.246) |
and . Now we are in a position to apply Proposition 5.14 to , which shows that there is some harmonic function on the Calabi space such that
| (5.247) |
where for all . Also as , then
| (5.248) |
Since , so it holds that
| (5.249) |
By assumption, satisfies , then Bochner’s formula implies that
| (5.250) |
Applying the decay property of in (5.248) and the maximum principle,
| (5.251) |
Therefore, is a constant.
∎