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2.4. Linearized equation and singularities [04ZA]

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2.4. Linearized equation and singularities

Now we return to the higher dimensional situation. One interesting type of singularities is locally modeled on the product of the above 2 dimensional model with a flat space ℂn−3\mathbb{C}^{n-3}. Then the space Q≡ℂn−3⊕Q0Q\equiv\mathbb{C}^{n-3}\oplus Q_{0} is still smooth and the singular set of ω~\tilde{\omega} and hh is the real codimension 3 subspace P=ℂn−1⊕{0}⊂QP=\mathbb{C}^{n-1}\oplus\{0\}\subset Q, and they both have transversal Dirac type singularities along PP. In our applications, we need to consider the non-linear situation. So DD is an n−1n-1 dimensional complex manifold and H⊂DH\subset D is a smooth complex hypersurface, and we want our solution (ω~,h)(\tilde{\omega},h) to the equation (2.26) to satisfy a distributional equation on QQ of the form

(2.58) (∂z2ω~+dD​dDc​2n−1​ω~n−1(−1)(n−1)2​ΩD∧Ω¯D)∧d​z=2​π⋅δP(\partial_{z}^{2}\tilde{\omega}+d_{D}d_{D}^{c}\frac{2^{n-1}\tilde{\omega}^{n-1}}{(\sqrt{-1})^{(n-1)^{2}}\Omega_{D}\wedge\bar{\Omega}_{D}})\wedge dz=2\pi\cdot\delta_{P}

where P≡H×{0}P\equiv H\times\{0\} and δP\delta_{P} is a degree 33 current given by integration along PP. This equation has appeared in the literature [Zha04] in a slightly different form. A solution to this equation, with suitable regularity, will give rise to a Calabi-Yau metric with an S1S^{1} action whose fixed point locus is a complex codimension two submanifold and transverse to which the action is modeled on the above standard S1S^{1} action on ℂ2\mathbb{C}^{2}. This is exactly what we are motivated to search for from the algebro-geometric discussion at the beginning of this section.

Unfortunately, solving the non-linear equation together with distribution (2.58) in general seems very difficult. Motivated by recent results in the study of adiabatic limits of G2G_{2} manifolds [Don17, FHN17], we attempt to study the equation when the S1S^{1} orbit is very small. Again suppose (D,ωD,ΩD)(D,\omega_{D},\Omega_{D}) is n−1n-1 dimensional Calabi-Yau, then for TT large we know there are trivial constant solutions with ω~=T​ωD\tilde{\omega}=T\omega_{D} and h=Tn−1h=T^{n-1}. Now we look for a perturbation ω~=T​ω+ψ\tilde{\omega}=T\omega+\psi for TT large. To the first order we know ψ\psi must satisfy the linearized equation at T​ωT\omega, hence

(2.59) ∂z2ψ+Tn−2​dD​dDc​TrωD​ψ=0,\partial_{z}^{2}\psi+T^{n-2}d_{D}d_{D}^{c}\Tr_{\omega_{D}}\psi=0,

which by Kähler identities is equivalent to

(2.60) ∂z2ψ−Tn−2​dD​dD∗​ψ=0.\partial_{z}^{2}\psi-T^{n-2}d_{D}d_{D}^{*}\psi=0.

Up to a scaling of the zz variable this is equivalent to the equation

(2.61) ∂z2ψ−dD​dD∗​ψ=0.\partial_{z}^{2}\psi-d_{D}d_{D}^{*}\psi=0.

If we can at the same time achieve dD​ψ=0d_{D}\psi=0, then this is equivalent to that ψ∧d​z\psi\wedge dz being a harmonic 3-form on the product Q=D×ℝzQ=D\times\mathbb{R}_{z}. Again the interesting case is when ψ\psi has singularities, and we want to study the case when the singular set is of the form H×{0}⊂QH\times\{0\}\subset Q for HH a smooth hypersurface in DD, and correspondingly ψ\psi satisfies

(2.62) ΔQ​ψ=2​π⋅δP\Delta_{Q}\psi=2\pi\cdot\delta_{P}

This is a generalization of Green’s function to 3-forms and we shall call it a Green’s current, which is our main object of study in Section 3.

When n=2n=2, the above Green’s current is simply the Green’s function and this has been used in [HSVZ18] to obtain exact solutions to a family of incomplete Calabi-Yau metric by Gibbons-Hawking construction. In higher dimension using Green’s current we can apply (2.19) to define a family of approximately Calabi-Yau metrics. This is our main object of study in Section 4.

For our geometric application in this paper the family of incomplete approximately Calabi-Yau metrics will be sufficient, see Section 7. On the other hand, one can also perturb these to genuine Calabi-Yau metrics. This will be discussed in Section 6.

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