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2.3.1. Basic constructions [00MS]

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2.3.1. Basic constructions

Affinoid algebras are kk-Banach algebras that are quotient algebras of Tate algebras. Among them are strict affinoid algebras which have good finiteness properties such as Noetherianity. Some good properties pass to general affinoid algebra by a technique enlarging the base valued field which makes the affinoid algebra strict.

Definition 2.38.

For a multi-radius ๐’“=(r1,โ€ฆ,rn)โˆˆโ„n\boldsymbol{r}=(r_{1},\dots,r_{n})\in\mathbb{R}^{n}, the algebra

k{r1โˆ’1T1,โ€ฆ,rnโˆ’1Tn}={f=โˆ‘Jโˆˆโ„•nโˆžaJ๐‘ปJ:aJโˆˆk,|aJ|๐’“Jโ†’0ย asย |J|โ†’โˆž}k\{r_{1}^{-1}T_{1},\dots,r_{n}^{-1}T_{n}\}=\{f=\sum_{J\in\mathbb{N}^{n}}^{\infty}a_{J}\boldsymbol{T}^{J}:a_{J}\in k,\lvert a_{J}\rvert\boldsymbol{r}^{J}\to 0\text{ as }|J|\to\infty\}

is called the Tate algebra over kk with multi-radius ๐’“\boldsymbol{r}. Denote it by ๐’ฏnโ€‹(๐’“)\mathcal{T}_{n}(\boldsymbol{r}). It is a kk-Banach algebra with respect to the Gauss norm of multi-radius ๐ซ\boldsymbol{r} defined by

โฆ€fโฆ€๐’ฏnโ€‹(๐’“)=maxJ|aJ|๐’“J\vvvert f\vvvert_{\mathcal{T}_{n}(\boldsymbol{r})}=\max_{J}\lvert a_{J}\rvert\boldsymbol{r}^{J}

One can define Tate algebra over other complete ultra-metric valued fields.

Remark 2.39.

This Gauss norm is obviously sub-multiplicative. It is in fact multiplicative by an argument as in the proof of Gauss Lemma.

Definition 2.40.

A kk-Banach algebra ๐’œ\mathcal{A} is called an affinoid algebra if there exists an admissible surjective homomorphism from some Tate algebra kโ€‹{๐’“โˆ’1โ€‹๐‘ป}k\{\boldsymbol{r}^{-1}\boldsymbol{T}\} to ๐’œ\mathcal{A}. The Banach algebra norm on an affinoid algebra ๐’œ\mathcal{A} is called an affinoid algebra norm. If one can take ๐’“\boldsymbol{r} with ri=1r_{i}=1 for all iโˆˆ{1,โ€ฆ,n}i\in\{1,\dots,n\}, then ๐’œ\mathcal{A} is called a strict affinoid algebra. One may define affinoid algebra similarly over other complete ultrametric valued field.

Remark 2.41.

An affinoid algebra norm and the quotient algebra norm of Gauss algebra norm by the defining admissible surjective homomorphism are just equivalent but not necessarily equal.

One can construct new affinoid algebras out of old ones by various algebraic operations.

Example 2.42.

The quotient Banach algebra of an affinoid algebra is an affinoid algebra.

Proposition 2.43.

Let ๐’ž\mathcal{C} be a kk-Banach algebra which is finite over an affinoid algebra ๐’œ\mathcal{A}, then ๐’ž\mathcal{C} itself is an affinoid algebra. If ๐’œ\mathcal{A} is strict, then ๐’ž\mathcal{C} is strict.

Proof.

Let {ci}iโˆˆ{1,โ€ฆ,m}โŠ‚๐’ž\{c_{i}\}_{i\in\{1,\dots,m\}}\subset\mathcal{C} be a finite set of generators of ๐’ž\mathcal{C} over ๐’œ\mathcal{A}, then consider an ๐’œ\mathcal{A}-Tate algebra ๐’œโ€‹{๐’“โˆ’1โ€‹๐‘ป}\mathcal{A}\{\boldsymbol{r}^{-1}\boldsymbol{T}\} where riโ‰ฅโฆ€ciโฆ€๐’žr_{i}\geq\vvvert c_{i}\vvvert_{\mathcal{C}}. There is a surjective kk-algebra homomorphism defined by

ฮณ:๐’œ{๐’“โˆ’1๐‘ป}โ†’๐’ž,ย Tiโ†ฆci\gamma:\mathcal{A}\{\boldsymbol{r}^{-1}\boldsymbol{T}\}\to\mathcal{C},\text{ }T_{i}\mapsto c_{i}

which is bounded as there exists C>0C>0 such that

โฆ€ฮณ(โˆ‘JaJ๐‘ปJ)โฆ€๐’žโ‰คmaxJโˆˆโ„•mโฆ€aJ๐’„Jโฆ€๐’žโ‰คCmaxJโˆˆโ„•mโฆ€aJโฆ€๐’œโ‹…๐’“J\vvvert\gamma(\sum_{J}a_{J}\boldsymbol{T}^{J})\vvvert_{\mathcal{C}}\leq\max_{J\in\mathbb{N}^{m}}\vvvert a_{J}\boldsymbol{c}^{J}\vvvert_{\mathcal{C}}\leq C\max_{J\in\mathbb{N}^{m}}\vvvert a_{J}\vvvert_{\mathcal{A}}\cdot\boldsymbol{r}^{J}

By Corollary 2.5, ฮณ\gamma is admissible, the norm โฆ€โ‹…โฆ€๐’ž\vvvert\mathord{\cdot}\vvvert_{\mathcal{C}} is equivalent to the quotient norm of the ๐’œ\mathcal{A}-Tate norm. Hence ๐’ž\mathcal{C} is an affinoid algebra. The strictness is obtained by choosing riโˆˆ|kร—|r_{i}\in\lvert k^{\times}\rvert (see Lemma 2.47). โˆŽ

Proposition 2.44.

Let โ„ฌ\mathcal{B} be a Banach kk-algebra. Suppose that there exists a finitely generated kk-algebra AA which is dense in โ„ฌ\mathcal{B}, then there exists an affinoid algebra ๐’œ\mathcal{A} in which AA is a dense kk-sub-algebra and a homomorphism of Banach kk-algebras ๐’œโ†’โ„ฌ\mathcal{A}\rightarrow\mathcal{B} which extends the identiy homomorphism on AA.

Proof.

Let {ai}iโˆˆ{1,โ€ฆ,m}\{a_{i}\}_{i\in\{1,\dots,m\}} be a set of generators of AA. For each iโˆˆ{1,โ€ฆ,m}i\in\{1,\dots,m\}, let rir_{i} denote โฆ€aiโฆ€โ„ฌ\vvvert a_{i}\vvvert_{\mathcal{B}} and let ๐’“\boldsymbol{r} denote the multi-radius consisting of {ri}iโˆˆ{1,โ€ฆ,m}\{r_{i}\}_{i\in\{1,\dots,m\}}. Consider the Tate algebra ๐’ฏ๐’“\mathcal{T}_{\boldsymbol{r}} and the homomorphism of kk-algebras

kโก[T1,โ€ฆ,Tm]โ†’โ„ฌ,Tiโ†ฆaik[T_{1},\dots,T_{m}]\rightarrow\mathcal{B},\quad T_{i}\mapsto a_{i}

By the ultra-metricity of โฆ€โ‹…โฆ€โ„ฌ\vvvert\mathord{\cdot}\vvvert_{\mathcal{B}} and the definition of ๐’“\boldsymbol{r}, one has

โˆ€nโˆˆโ„•,โˆ€Jโˆˆโ„•m,โˆ€fJโˆˆk,โฆ€โˆ‘Jโˆˆโ„•mfJโ‹…๐’‚Jโฆ€โ„ฌโ‰คโฆ€โˆ‘Jโˆˆโ„•mfJโ‹…๐’‚Jโฆ€๐’ฏ๐’“\forall n\in\mathbb{N},\forall J\in\mathbb{N}^{m},\forall f_{J}\in k,\vvvert\sum_{J\in\mathbb{N}^{m}}f_{J}\cdot\boldsymbol{a}^{J}\vvvert_{\mathcal{B}}\leq\vvvert\sum_{J\in\mathbb{N}^{m}}f_{J}\cdot\boldsymbol{a}^{J}\vvvert_{\mathcal{T}_{\boldsymbol{r}}}

so by a density argument one can extend it to a homomorphism of Banach kk-algebras

๐’ฏ๐’“โ†’โ„ฌ,Tiโ†ฆfi\mathcal{T}_{\boldsymbol{r}}\rightarrow\mathcal{B},\quad T_{i}\mapsto f_{i}

Let โ„\mathscr{I} be the kernel ideal of this homomorphism. To conclude it suffices to take ๐’œ\mathcal{A} as ๐’ฏ๐’“/โ„\mathcal{T}_{\boldsymbol{r}}/\mathscr{I}. โˆŽ

Proposition 2.45.

Let (B,โฆ€โ‹…โฆ€)(B,\vvvert\mathord{\cdot}\vvvert) be a normed algebra and let โ„ฌ\mathcal{B} be its separated completion. Let AA be a sub-kk-algebra of BB, equipped with the restriction algebra norm of โฆ€โ‹…โฆ€\vvvert\mathord{\cdot}\vvvert, and let ๐’œ\mathcal{A} be the separated completion of (A,โฆ€โ‹…โฆ€)(A,\vvvert\mathord{\cdot}\vvvert). Assume that ๐’œ\mathcal{A} is an affinoid algebra. If BB is integral and is finite over AA, then โ„ฌ\mathcal{B} is Banach finite over ๐’œ\mathcal{A}. Therefore โ„ฌ\mathcal{B} is an affinoid algebra.

Proof.

By assumption, there exists jโˆˆโ„•j\in\mathbb{N} and a homomorphism of kk-algebras and elements {ei}iโˆˆ{1,โ€ฆ,j}โІB\{e_{i}\}_{i\in\{1,\dots,j\}}\subseteq B such that

F:โจiโˆˆ{1,โ€ฆ,j}Aโ†’B,1iโ†ฆeiF:\bigoplus_{i\in\{1,\dots,j\}}A\rightarrow B,1_{i}\mapsto e_{i}

Moreover, FF is bounded

โฆ€โˆ‘iโˆˆ{1,โ€ฆ,j}aiโ‹…eiโฆ€โ‰คmaxiโˆˆ{1,โ€ฆ,j}โฆ€aiโ‹…eiโฆ€โ‰คmaxiโˆˆ{1,โ€ฆ,j}โฆ€eiโฆ€โ‹…maxiโˆˆ{1,โ€ฆ,j}โฆ€aiโฆ€\vvvert\sum_{i\in\{1,\dots,j\}}a_{i}\cdot e_{i}\vvvert\leq\max_{i\in\{1,\dots,j\}}\vvvert a_{i}\cdot e_{i}\vvvert\leq\max_{i\in\{1,\dots,j\}}\vvvert e_{i}\vvvert\cdot\max_{i\in\{1,\dots,j\}}\vvvert a_{i}\vvvert

So FF extends to a homomorphism of Banach ๐’œ\mathcal{A}-modules

โ„ฑ:โจiโˆˆ{1,โ€ฆ,j}๐’œโ†’โ„ฌ,1iโ†ฆei\mathcal{F}:\bigoplus_{i\in\{1,\dots,j\}}\mathcal{A}\rightarrow\mathcal{B},1_{i}\mapsto e_{i}

Let โ„ฌโˆ’\mathcal{B}^{-} be the image of โ„ฑ\mathcal{F}, it is a Banach finite ๐’œ\mathcal{A}-module with the quotient norm โˆฅโ‹…โˆฅโ„ฑ\lVert\mathord{\cdot}\rVert_{\mathcal{F}} induced by โ„ฑ\mathcal{F}. As โ„ฌโˆ’\mathcal{B}^{-} is Banach finite over ๐’œ\mathcal{A}, it is an affinoid algebra with an affinoid algebra spectral norm โฆ€โ‹…โฆ€โˆ’\vvvert\mathord{\cdot}\vvvert^{-}, which is equivalent to โˆฅโ‹…โˆฅโ„ฑ\lVert\mathord{\cdot}\rVert_{\mathcal{F}}. Now on โ„ฌโˆ’\mathcal{B}^{-}, โฆ€โ‹…โฆ€\vvvert\mathord{\cdot}\vvvert is bounded with respect to โฆ€โ‹…โฆ€โˆ’\vvvert\mathord{\cdot}\vvvert^{-} by the continuity of โ„ฑ\mathcal{F}. To show the reverse, note that โ„ฌโˆ’\mathcal{B}^{-} is dense in โ„ฌ\mathcal{B}, so by Theorem 2.30 one has for any bโˆˆโ„ฌโˆ’b\in\mathcal{B}^{-}

โฆ€bโฆ€โˆ’=maxzโˆˆ๐”โก(โ„ฌโˆ’)|b(z)|=maxzโˆˆ๐”โก(โ„ฌ)|b(z)|=โฆ€bโฆ€spโ‰คโฆ€bโฆ€\vvvert b\vvvert^{-}=\max_{z\in\mathfrak{M}(\mathcal{B}^{-})}\lvert b(z)\rvert=\max_{z\in\mathfrak{M}(\mathcal{B})}\lvert b(z)\rvert=\vvvert b\vvvert_{\mathrm{sp}}\leq\vvvert b\vvvert

Therefore โฆ€โ‹…โฆ€\vvvert\mathord{\cdot}\vvvert and โฆ€โ‹…โฆ€โˆ’\vvvert\mathord{\cdot}\vvvert^{-} are equivalent norms on โ„ฌโˆ’\mathcal{B}^{-}, so โ„ฌโˆ’\mathcal{B}^{-} is closed in โ„ฌ\mathcal{B}, hence coincides with it. โˆŽ

To make an affinoid algebra strict, one can enlarge the base field.

Lemma 2.46.

Let ๐’“=(r1,โ€ฆ,rn)\boldsymbol{r}=(r_{1},\dots,r_{n}) be a multi-radius such {ฮฑโก(logโกri)}iโˆˆ{1,โ€ฆ,n}\{\alpha(\log r_{i})\}_{i\in\{1,\dots,n\}} are โ„š\mathbb{Q}-linearly independent. Then the kk-affinoid algebra

K๐’“:=kโก{๐’“โˆ’1โ€‹๐‘ป,๐’“โ€‹๐‘ปโˆ’1}=kโก{๐’“โˆ’1โ€‹๐‘ป,๐’“โ€‹๐‘บ}/(T1โ€‹S1โˆ’1,โ€ฆ,Tnโ€‹Snโˆ’1)K_{\boldsymbol{r}}:=k\{\boldsymbol{r}^{-1}\boldsymbol{T},\boldsymbol{r}\boldsymbol{T}^{-1}\}=k\{\boldsymbol{r}^{-1}\boldsymbol{T},\boldsymbol{r}\boldsymbol{S}\}/(T_{1}S_{1}-1,\dots,T_{n}S_{n}-1)

is a field. ([Ber, Definition 2.1.1])

Lemma 2.47.

Let ๐’ฏnโ€‹(๐’“)\mathcal{T}_{n}(\boldsymbol{r}) be a kk-Tate alegbra. It is strict if and only if riโˆˆ|kร—|r_{i}\in\sqrt{\lvert k^{\times}\rvert} for all ii. ([Ber, Corollary 2.1.6])

Corollary 2.48.

Let ๐’ฏnโ€‹(rยฏ)\mathcal{T}_{n}(\underline{r}) be a kk-Tate alegbra. Let IโІ{1,โ€ฆ,n}I\subseteq\{1,\dots,n\} be a subset of indices such that {ฮฑโก(logโกri)}iโˆˆI\{\alpha(\log r_{i})\}_{i\in I} are โ„š\mathbb{Q}-linearly independent and |I||I| is maximal for this independence property. Let ๐’“I=(ri1,โ€ฆ,ri1)\boldsymbol{r}_{I}=(r_{i_{1}},\dots,r_{i_{1}}), then K๐’“Iโ€‹โŠ—^kโ€‹๐’ฏnโ€‹(๐’“)K_{\boldsymbol{r}_{I}}\widehat{\otimes}_{k}\mathcal{T}_{n}(\boldsymbol{r}) is a strict K๐’“IK_{\boldsymbol{r}_{I}}-Tate algebra.

Corollary 2.49.

For any kk-affinoid algebra ๐’œ\mathcal{A}, there exists a multi-radius ๐’“I=(ri)iโˆˆI\boldsymbol{r}_{I}=(r_{i})_{i\in I} such that {ฮฑโก(logโกri)}iโˆˆI\{\alpha(\log r_{i})\}_{i\in I} are โ„š\mathbb{Q}-linearly independent and K๐’“Iโ€‹โŠ—^kโ€‹๐’œK_{\boldsymbol{r}_{I}}\widehat{\otimes}_{k}\mathcal{A} is a K๐’“IK_{\boldsymbol{r}_{I}}-strict affinoid algebra. ([Ber, Proposition 2.1.2])

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