Gluing over the discriminant locus [04JB]
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Gluing over the discriminant locus
Given a simple affine manifold with singularities, we show how to symplectically glue singular fibres of positive or generic type to the associated bundle. This gives us a (partial) symplectic compactification over positive and generic points of the singular locus.
Consider a cylinder inside , where is an open interval, and let . Let be a smooth real-valued function on . The germ of along , denoted , is the Taylor expansion series of along . This is a formal power series in two variables whose coefficients are smooth functions on .
Remark 4.12.
For any given formal power series in two variables whose coefficients are smooth functions on , there is a function on whose germ along is . An analogous statement in the case of a formal power series in one variable with real coefficients is standard (cf. [31] Exercise 13, page 384). It is an exercise to check that it is also true in two variables with coefficients depending on a parameter.
Recall that the generators of the period lattice of a generic-singular fibration may be written as , and , where are coordinates in in , as (17) and a smooth function. One can prove the following (cf. [1]):
Theorem 4.13.
For any smooth function over , there is a generic-singular fibration whose period lattice is generated by 1-forms as in (17). Furthermore, two generic-singular fibrations and are symplectically conjugate in a neighborhood of if and only if .
We call the invariant of the fibration . We proved in Corollary 4.9 that the affine base of a generic-singular fibration is always simple, isomorphic to Example 3.9. Furthermore, the shape of its discriminant locus (in affine coordinates), as well as the isomorphism class of its singular affine base is determined by the function which is the restriction of to . In other words, by the zero order term of the germ . In the special case when the zero order term of vanishes, the base is affine isomorphic to the product of an affine disc with a node times the standard affine interval, in this case we call the associated fibration straight, in all other cases we call it twisted.
Lemma 4.14.
Given any function on an edge with , there is a generic-singular fibration whose base is locally affine isomorphic to the affine manifold with singularities of Example 3.9.
Proof.
Analogously, positive fibrations are also classified by germs , where in this case is a trivalent vertex and a smooth function on as in Proposition 4.10; for the details we refer to [1]. Given a positive fibration, Proposition 4.11 tells us that its base is locally isomorphic to as in Example 3.11. A particular case is when which gives a straight vertex. More generally we showed (cf. proof of Proposition 4.11) that . In particular, we have:
Lemma 4.15.
Given any function on a trivalent vertex with , there is a positive fibration whose base is locally affine isomorphic to the affine manifold with singularities of Example 3.11.
We stress that the constructions described in Lemmas 4.14 and 4.15 only involve the zero order term of , which is enough for determining the affine structure. From [1] it follows that we have many possible choices of giving the same affine structure:
Corollary 4.16.
Observe that the above result holds also in the case when , i.e. when the discriminant is completely straight. Exploiting the flexibility given by Lemmas 4.14 and 4.15, we can show that we can always locally compactify a torus bundle given by simple affine manifolds with singularities near a positive or generic point of the discriminant locus:
Proposition 4.17.
Let be a given simple affine 3-manifold with singularities. Then we have the following
- (i)
if is an edge of , then there is a generic-singular fibration , with affine base and neighborhood of such that there exists an integral affine isomorphism inducing a symplectic conjugation ;
- (ii)
if is a positive vertex of , then there is positive fibration with base and a neighborhood of such that there exists an integral affine isomorphism inducing a symplectic conjugation .
Moreover, using the symplectic conjugations in (i) and (ii), we can symplectically glue the germ of into .