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Gluing legs [04JK]

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Gluing legs

While for the gluing in Proposition 4.17 it is sufficient to consider the zero order term of HΔH_{\Delta}, to glue two singular Lagrangian fibrations ℱ\mathcal{F} and ℱ′\mathcal{F}^{\prime} along their legs one should take into account all terms. This is essentially due to the fact that, gluing legs also involves gluing them along their singular fibres. We will see that Theorem 4.13 also takes care of this.

Suppose we are given a simple affine 33-manifold with singularities (B,Δ,𝒜)(B,\Delta,\mathscr{A}) and two points pp and p′p^{\prime} of Δ\Delta connected by an edge JJ (pp and p′p^{\prime} may be generic, positive or negative points). Let us assume that we have glued to X⁡(B0,𝒜)X(B_{0},\mathscr{A}) the germs of singular Lagrangian fibrations ℱ\mathcal{F} and ℱ′\mathcal{F}^{\prime} fibering over disjoint neighborhoods VV and V′V^{\prime} of pp and p′p^{\prime} respectively (e.g. using Proposition 4.17, if pp and p′p^{\prime} are positive or generic). We do not consider only the case when pp and p′p^{\prime} are either positive of generic, since we want the arguments here to hold also for negative points onto which we can glue fibrations like the ones in §7. We only assume here that ℱ\mathcal{F} and ℱ′\mathcal{F}^{\prime} have legs with generic-singular fibres on their ends and these ends are connected by JJ. We now explain how to glue to X⁡(B0,𝒜)X(B_{0},\mathscr{A}) a generic singular fibration along JJ in such a way that this gluing is made compatible with the gluing of ℱ\mathcal{F} and ℱ′\mathcal{F}^{\prime}.

We can assume that there are disjoint neighborhoods UU and U′U^{\prime} of the ends of JJ, as in Figure 9, and generic-singular fibrations ℒ=ℱ|U\mathcal{L}=\mathcal{F}|_{U} and ℒ′=ℱ′|U′\mathcal{L}^{\prime}=\mathcal{F}^{\prime}|_{U^{\prime}} over UU and U′U^{\prime}. Let HΔH_{\Delta} and HΔ′H^{\prime}_{\Delta} be, respectively, the invariants of ℒ\mathcal{L} and ℒ′\mathcal{L}^{\prime} as in Theorem 4.13.

Since JJ is an edge of Δ\Delta, there is a neighborhood WW of JJ, with W∩Δ=JW\cap\Delta=J, such that (W,J)(W,J) is (locally) affine isomorphic to (D2×I,Δτ)(D^{2}\times I,\Delta_{\tau}) as in Example 3.9. Without loss of generality, we can assume I=(−1,1)I=(-1,1) and that there exists δ∈(0,1)\delta\in(0,1) such that U≅D2×(−1,−δ)U\cong D^{2}\times(-1,-\delta) and U′≅D2×(δ,1)U^{\prime}\cong D^{2}\times(\delta,1). Denote I−δ=(−1,−δ)I_{-\delta}=(-1,-\delta) and Iδ=(δ,1)I_{\delta}=(\delta,1). Clearly, we can interpret HΔH_{\Delta} and HΔ′H^{\prime}_{\Delta} as formal power series along I−δI_{-\delta} and IδI_{\delta} respectively. By the arguments of the previous section, we must have that the zero order terms of HΔH_{\Delta} and HΔ′H^{\prime}_{\Delta} coincide with τ|I−δ\tau|_{I_{-\delta}} and τ|Iδ\tau|_{I_{\delta}} respectively.

It is now clear that we can choose a formal power series H~Δ\tilde{H}_{\Delta} along II such that

  • (a)

    the zero order term of H~Δ\tilde{H}_{\Delta} is τ\tau;

  • (b)

    H~Δ\tilde{H}_{\Delta} coincides with HΔH_{\Delta} and HΔ′H^{\prime}_{\Delta} along I−δI_{-\delta} and IδI_{\delta} respectively.

This can be done using cut-off functions. For this purpose it may be necessary to shrink I−δI_{-\delta} and IδI_{\delta} by taking a slightly bigger δ\delta.

× D 2 D 1 ∗ ∗ - δ δ U ′ U
Figure 9: The gluing of two legs along their ends. The asterisk represents components of the discriminant of ℱ\mathcal{F} and ℱ′\mathcal{F}^{\prime}, which can be of either positive or negative type (or void).

We can now apply Remark 4.12 and the first part of Theorem 4.13 to find the germ of a generic-singular Lagrangian fibration ℒ~\tilde{\mathcal{L}} fibering over WW whose invariant is H~Δ\tilde{H}_{\Delta}. The second part of Theorem 4.13 and condition (b)(b) above imply that ℒ~|U≅ℒ\tilde{\mathcal{L}}|_{U}\cong\mathcal{L} and ℒ~|U′≅ℒ\tilde{\mathcal{L}}|_{U^{\prime}}\cong\mathcal{L}, moreover condition (a)(a) implies that ℒ~\tilde{\mathcal{L}} can be glued to X⁡(B0,𝒜)X(B_{0},\mathscr{A}) along JJ. It is clear that the symplectic conjugations ℒ~|U≅ℒ\tilde{\mathcal{L}}|_{U}\cong\mathcal{L} and ℒ~|U′≅ℒ′\tilde{\mathcal{L}}|_{U^{\prime}}\cong\mathcal{L}^{\prime} coincide with the map gluing ℒ~\tilde{\mathcal{L}} to X⁡(B0,𝒜)X(B_{0},\mathscr{A}).

We have proved:

Proposition 4.18.

Let (B,Δ,𝒜)(B,\Delta,\mathscr{A}) be a simple affine 3-manifold with singularities and let p,p′∈Δp,p^{\prime}\in\Delta be points connected by an edge JJ. Suppose there are disjoint neighborhoods VV and V′V^{\prime} of pp and p′p^{\prime} respectively and a neighborhood WW of JJ, with W∩Δ=JW\cap\Delta=J, such that the following conditions hold

  • (i)

    if B~=B0∪(V∪V′)\tilde{B}=B_{0}\cup(V\cup V^{\prime}), there exists a Lagrangian fibration ℱ=(X,ω,f,B~)\mathcal{F}=(X,\omega,f,\tilde{B}) and a commuting diagram

    X⁡(B0,𝒜)→ΨXf0↓↓fB0→ιB~\begin{CD}X(B_{0},\mathscr{A})@>{\Psi}>{}>X\\ @V{f_{0}}V{}V@V{}V{f}V\\ B_{0}@>{\iota}>{}>\tilde{B}\end{CD}

    where Ψ\Psi is a symplectomorphism and ι\iota the inclusion.

  • (ii)

    ℱ|W∩V\mathcal{F}|_{W\cap V} and ℱ|W∩V′\mathcal{F}|_{W\cap V^{\prime}} are generic-singular fibrations.

Then, if we let B~′=B~∪W\tilde{B}^{\prime}=\tilde{B}\cup W, there exists a Lagrangian fibration ℱ′=(X′,ω′,f′,B~′)\mathcal{F}^{\prime}=(X^{\prime},\omega^{\prime},f^{\prime},\tilde{B}^{\prime}) and a commuting diagram

X⁡(B0,𝒜)→Ψ′X′f0↓↓f′B0→ιB~′\begin{CD}X(B_{0},\mathscr{A})@>{\Psi^{\prime}}>{}>X^{\prime}\\ @V{f_{0}}V{}V@V{}V{f^{\prime}}V\\ B_{0}@>{\iota}>{}>\tilde{B}^{\prime}\end{CD}

where Ψ′\Psi^{\prime} is also a symplectomorphism.

The upshot of the results of this Section is that: 1) we can construct local models of generic and positive singular fibres; 2) we know how to glue them onto any given simple affine manifold with generic and positive singularities; 3) these gluings can be made compatible over common intersections. In fact, we can show:

Theorem 4.19.

Let (B,Δ,𝒜)(B,\Delta,\mathscr{A}) be a compact simple integral affine 3-manifold with singularities without negative vertices. Then there is a compact smooth symplectic 6-manifold (X,ω)(X,\omega) and a C∞C^{\infty} Lagrangian fibration f:X→Bf:X\rightarrow B with discriminant locus Δ\Delta, which is a semi-stable compactification of the T3T^{3} bundle X⁡(B0,𝒜)→B0X(B_{0},\mathscr{A})\rightarrow B_{0}.

The proof is an application of the above preparation results. Using Proposition 4.17 we can first glue in the positive vertices, then using Proposition 4.18 we glue in the generic-singular fibres over the edges. Theorem 4.19 is a particular case of our more general result we shall prove in §8, where we also include negative fibrations. We emphasize that the fibration obtained in Theorem 4.19 is smooth. This will not happen if Δ\Delta includes negative vertices. In that case, the resulting fibration will be piecewise smooth only.

As a further remark we point out that Theorem 4.19 can be generalized to dimension n≥3n\geq 3, since there are natural generalizations of generic and positive singularities and the analysis of their affine structures carries through as in the n=3n=3 case. Our notion of simplicity can also be generalized to higher dimensions, though for n>3n>3 it may no longer coincide with the notion of simplicity in the sense of Gross and Siebert [13].

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