The normal form [04LJ]
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The normal form
Consider the Lagrangian fibration produced in Lemma 7.6. If we let , then is a stitched fibration whose seam consists of three disjoint components. It is clear that is a fibration of the type described in Example 6.18. The goal of this section is to show that is in fact symplectically conjugate to a fibration which can be constructed with Theorem 6.19, maybe after restricting the latter to a smaller neighborhood of the vertex of (see Remarks 6.16 and 6.20). Essentially, we need to show that the action coordinates, a priori defined only on a contractible open set, extend continuously to . We need the following
Lemma 7.8.
Let be the total space of the fibration produced in Lemma 7.6. Then is exact on .
Proof.
To describe the fibration we use the same notation of Example 6.18. Given , there exists a basis of with respect to which monodromy is generated by the matrices in (58) with . We can compute the action coordinates with respect to , normalized so that (cf. Proposition 6.5). From Lemma 7.8, there exists a primitive of , such that for every we have
where is a cycle in representing . Clearly is well defined and continuous on . Actually, we have:
Lemma 7.9.
The action coordinates map extends continuously to .
Proof.
We apply a similar argument to the one used in the case of the positive fibre (see Proposition 4.11). Clearly, since is represented by the orbits of the action
which is continuous. We now prove that, for
| (77) |
extends continuously to points in or in . As we did in Proposition 4.11, we can think of as
where is a surface spanned by the cycles as moves along a curve joining and . Suppose (or ), then we need to show that is independent of the curve from to , or equivalently that
where and are the surfaces corresponding to two different paths from to . The boundary is determined by monodromy. It is easy to see that is a multiple of , therefore for some integer we have
where the last equality follows from the fact that or . To show that extends continuously also to points of we can argue that (77) makes sense also over singular fibres, since both and are well defined when . ∎
We also have:
Lemma 7.10.
The map is a homeomorphism onto its image.
Proof.
Since , it is enough to show that, if for fixed we let , then is a bijection onto its image. If and are the periods of the fibration corresponding to and , then is computed by taking primitives of and . If we let denote the symplectic reduction of at and the reduced fibration, then it is not difficult to see that and are in fact periods of (cf. [3]Lemma 5.9). Now the conclusion follows by simply observing that is a proper Lagrangian submersion, i.e. an integrable system. The argument works also when .
An explicit computation of the periods was done in [3]Proposition 5.10 for the fibration in Example 5.8. There we found that
| (78) |
where and are functions depending only on . The periods of the perturbed fibration obtained in Lemma 7.6 will have this same expression away from where the perturbation took place (i.e. away from the white region in Figure 15), for example in a neighborhood of the codimension 1 part of . It is easy to see from this expression of the periods that extends continuously to and that it is a bijection. ∎
Corollary 7.11.
Proof.
The fibrations constructed in Theorem 6.19 have smooth Lagrangian sections and the action coordinates extend continuously to the whole base. Since also has a Lagrangian section (cf. Remarks 7.7) and the action coordinates extend continuously to the whole base, the statement easily follows from the results on stitched fibrations such as the existence of a normal form. The latter is found extending the maps and beyond all connected components of the seam and then using the Lagrangian section to normalize with the period map.
∎