Smoothing II [04LF]
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Smoothing II
Lemma 7.4 gives us a piecewise smooth fibration , topologically conjugate to the one in Example 5.8 but smooth along , and . The latter are sets mapping down onto open neighborhoods , and of the legs as depicted in Figure 13 (a). Given a positive , let us denote by , and neighborhoods of , and and for brevity let us define , and . Clearly when is as in Lemma 7.4, , and satisfy Assumption 6.22.
Our goal now is to use the results on non-proper stitched fibrations in Section 6 to perturb so that for some and neighborhoods , and , the fibrations , and are smooth. This will produce a fibration whose base is depicted in Figure 13 (b). Over the white rectangular regions the fibration is completely smooth but on the shaded region it is still piecewise smooth. The result is the following:
Lemma 7.6.
Let denote the fibration obtained in Lemma 7.4. Given a positive real number , there exists a perturbation of (perhaps defined over a smaller neighborhood of the plane ), such that
- (i)
is topologically conjugate to ;
- (ii)
there are open neighborhoods , and of , and respectively so that the fibrations , and are smooth.
Proof.
Consider one of the fibrations , or as above (whenever necessary, we allow ourselves to restrict to smaller neighborhoods of , or ). To keep the notation simple we temporarily drop the subindices and denote it by .
Since satisfies Assumption 6.22, it follows from Proposition 6.28 that we can associate to a normal form of cylindrical type together with its invariants given by a triple which, in view of Theorem 6.29, uniquely determine as a germ around . By slight abuse of notation we will denote by the same letter both and , where is the base of . For the duration of this proof will remain unchanged, so we drop the subindex and denote for short.
The proof consists in suitably deforming the sequence . Let and be (planar) regions as depicted in Figure 14. Given a cut-off function such that is 1 on and on , define a new (fibrewise closed) sequence whose elements are for each . We obtain a triple , such that and .
In view of Proposition 6.30, gives rise to a normal form of cylindrical type defined over a neighborhood of . By construction and by Theorem 6.29, and define the same germ around , i.e. there are open neighborhoods and of (satisfying ) such that and are symplectically conjugate. Moreover is smooth when restricted to any open neighborhood of such that . Now recall that is symplectically conjugate to , so we have that is symplectically conjugate .
Let us summarize the result using our original notation for the horizontal leg. For , we have found sets (as in Figure 14) and a normal form of cylindrical type , defined over a neighborhood of , smooth over and such that is symplectically conjugate to , where and are neighborhoods of (satisfying ).
If we go back denoting by the fibration of Lemma 7.4, we can form a new fibration in the following way. Let and symplectically glue to using the conjugation between and . The fibration is the result of this gluing. Notice that , due to the properties of , is such that for some (depending on ) and a suitable neighborhood of of , the restriction is smooth. Notice that can be chosen so that the latter holds for any .
The above method applied to all legs, produces the required result. ∎
The idea of deforming the sequence by multiplying it by a cut-off function on the base will be used again in the subsection Smoothing III. This is actually the main application of the results on stitched fibrations in this paper.
Remark 7.7.
We observe that the Lagrangian section of Example 5.8 survives also this second smoothing.