Example 2.9 (Alternative negative fibration) . [04HT]
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Example 2.9 (Alternative negative fibration).
This is the local model for a fibration over a neighborhood of a component of . Consider and as in Example 2.8. Now think of making a small perturbation of just in a neighborhood of the “figure eight” –i.e. where the three cylinders forming are joined together– and leaving the rest unchanged. A generic perturbation will be such that, near the fibre over , will intersect the fibres of in isolated points. Then will have the shape of a -legged amoeba. One then constructs the bundle with Chern class and compactifies it to . The total fibration is .
We can give an explicit construction of a fibration of this type, following ideas in [6]§4. Consider with the fibration . Let and be the fibration
where and . Define a surface in to be
and view it as a surface in . Clearly is and one can compute that it has the shape depicted in Figure 4. Images by of algebraic curves in are known in the literature as amoebas, and this explains the name we gave to the components of .
As a surface in , intersects in and in . One can see that in a small neighborhood of one can twist slightly, so to make it coincide, in a smaller neighborhood, with . Similarly one can twist near , so to make it coincide with . Finally, when and are both big, we can twist so to coincide with . Let be this new twisted version of . A schematic description of these twistings is described in Figure 5, where is the light-colored diagonal line and is the over-imposed twisted dark line. It is clear that will have the shape of a -legged amoeba whose legs have been pinched to -dimensional segments toward the ends, as depicted in the right-hand side of Figure 5 (Mikhalkin [25] also defines a similar construction and calls this shape a localized amoeba). The bundle with Chern class and its compactification can again be constructed. The fibration is and .
We give a description of the fibration over the codimension part of . One can see that the fibres of over a point in the interior of the amoeba intersect in two distinct points. These two points come together to a double point as the base point approaches the boundary of the amoeba. If and are two points on –which may coincide– then the singular fibres of look like after is collapsed to a point. This behavior is topologically the same as the one conjectured by Joyce [21] for special Lagrangian fibrations. Moreover, the singularities of the fibres are modeled on those of an explicit example of a special Lagrangian fibration with non-compact fibres (cf. Joyce [21]§5).
In view of Proposition 2.4 and Remark 2.5, the total space in this example is diffeomorphic to the one in Example 2.8, although the fibrations differ. In both cases the singularities of the fibres occur along the intersection of the critical surface with the fibres of . But the intersections happen in a different way. In Example 2.8 they occur either along circles, or along a figure eight. Here they occur along circles when the fibre is over a point in the codimension part of and as isolated points when the fibre is over a point in the codimension part. As argued by Joyce, the isolated singularities are more generic in certain sense (cf. [21]§3). A schematic description of the fibration over the codimension part of is depicted in Figure 6. It can be compared with Figure 2. We remark that over the codimension part of , the fibration has the same topology of the generic singular fibration of Example 2.7. It follows that the monodromy around the legs is same as the monodromy of Example 2.8, i.e. it is represented by the matrices (3).