ScalingStacks

Example 2.8 (Negative fibration) . [04HS]

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Example 2.8 (Negative fibration).

This example is one of the two models over a neighborhood of a point in Δd\Delta_{d} –in [7] this is called (2,1)(2,1) fibration. Let Y=T2×BY=T^{2}\times B with BB homeomorphic to a 3-ball. Let Δ⊂B\Delta\subset B be a cone over three distinct, non-collinear points. We write Δ={b0}∪Δ1∪Δ2∪Δ3\Delta=\{b_{0}\}\cup\Delta_{1}\cup\Delta_{2}\cup\Delta_{3} where b0b_{0} is the vertex of Δ\Delta and the Δi\Delta_{i} are the legs of Δ\Delta. Fix a basis e2e_{2}, e3e_{3} for H1​(T2,ℤ)H_{1}(T^{2},\mathbb{Z}). Define Σ⊂T2×B\Sigma\subset T^{2}\times B to be a pair of pants lying over Δ\Delta such that for i=1,2,3i=1,2,3, Σ∩(T2×Δi)\Sigma\cap(T^{2}\times\Delta_{i}) is a leg of Σ\Sigma which is the cylinder generated by −e3-e_{3}, −e2-e_{2} and e2+e3e_{2}+e_{3} respectively. These legs are glued together along a nodal curve or ‘figure eight’ lying over b0b_{0}. Now consider an S1S^{1}-bundle π′:X′→Y′=Y−Σ\pi^{\prime}:X^{\prime}\rightarrow Y^{\prime}=Y-\Sigma with Chern class c1=1c_{1}=1. This bundle compactifies to π:X→Y\pi:X\rightarrow Y. Now consider the projection map P:Y→BP:Y\rightarrow B. The composition f=P∘πf=P\circ\pi is a proper map. The generic fibre of ff is a 3-torus. For b∈Δb\in\Delta the fibre f−1​(b)f^{-1}(b) is singular along P−1​(b)∩ΣP^{-1}(b)\cap\Sigma, which is a circle when b∈Δib\in\Delta_{i}, or the aforementioned figure eight when b=b0b=b_{0}. Thus the fibres over Δi\Delta_{i} are homeomorphic to I1×S1I_{1}\times S^{1}, whereas the central fibre, Xb0X_{b_{0}}, is singular along a nodal curve. A regular fibre can be regarded as the total space of an S1S^{1}-bundle over P−1​(b)P^{-1}(b). We can take as a basis of H1​(Xb,ℤ)H_{1}(X_{b},\mathbb{Z}), e1​(b),e2​(b),e3​(b)e_{1}(b),e_{2}(b),e_{3}(b), where e2e_{2} and e3e_{3} are the 1-cycles in P−1​(b)=T2P^{-1}(b)=T^{2} as before and e1e_{1} is a fibre of the S1S^{1}-bundle. The cycle e1​(b)e_{1}(b) vanishes as b→Δb\rightarrow\Delta. In this basis, the matrices generating the monodromy group corresponding to loops gig_{i} about Δi\Delta_{i} with g1​g2​g3=1g_{1}g_{2}g_{3}=1, (cf. Figure 3) are

T1=(110010001),T2=(10−1010001),T3=(1−11010001).T_{1}=\left(\begin{array}[]{ccc}1&1&0\\ 0&1&0\\ 0&0&1\end{array}\right),\quad T_{2}=\left(\begin{array}[]{ccc}1&0&-1\\ 0&1&0\\ 0&0&1\end{array}\right),\quad T_{3}=\left(\begin{array}[]{ccc}1&-1&1\\ 0&1&0\\ 0&0&1\end{array}\right). (3)

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