ScalingStacks

Proof. [0459]

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Proof.

This proof is parallel to Proposition 3.5, so will be sketchy. We focus on γ4−γ¯4\gamma_{4}-\bar{\gamma}_{4} as the same arguments work for γi−γ¯i\gamma_{i}-\bar{\gamma}_{i}.

We perform Fourier decomposition in the periodic variables x1,x2x_{1},x_{2},

γ4−γ¯4=∑(n1,n2)∈ℤ2∖{0}hn1,n2​(y1,y2,μ)​e2​π​i​n1​x1+2​π​i​n2​x2.\gamma_{4}-\bar{\gamma}_{4}=\sum_{(n_{1},n_{2})\in\mathbb{Z}^{2}\setminus\{0\}}h_{n_{1},n_{2}}(y_{1},y_{2},\mu)e^{2\pi in_{1}x_{1}+2\pi in_{2}x_{2}}.

The zeroth Fourier mode vanishes by construction. Parseval identity combined with Lemma 4.12 shows

∑n1,n2|hn1,n2|2=∫01∫01|γ4−γ¯4|2dx1dx2≤CA−1/2.\sum_{n_{1},n_{2}}|h_{n_{1},n_{2}}|^{2}=\int_{0}^{1}\int_{0}^{1}|\gamma_{4}-\bar{\gamma}_{4}|^{2}dx_{1}dx_{2}\leq CA^{-1/2}.

Over the region (4.14), according to Proposition 4.4 and (4.16)

Δa​(γ4−γ¯4)=0,\Delta_{a}(\gamma_{4}-\bar{\gamma}_{4})=0,

which translates into the Helmholtz type equations

Δa′​hn1,n2−4​π​−1​Im​(a1​2¯)​(n1​∂hn1,n2∂y2−n2​∂hn1,n2∂y1)−4​π2​(ap​q¯​np​nq)​hn1,n2=0.\Delta_{a}^{\prime}h_{n_{1},n_{2}}-4\pi\sqrt{-1}\text{Im}(a^{1\bar{2}})(n_{1}\frac{\partial h_{n_{1},n_{2}}}{\partial y_{2}}-n_{2}\frac{\partial h_{n_{1},n_{2}}}{\partial y_{1}})-4\pi^{2}(a^{p\bar{q}}n_{p}n_{q})h_{n_{1},n_{2}}=0.

After the variable substitution

h~n1,n2=hn1,n2​exp⁡(2​π​i​Im​(a1​2¯)𝔸​(a1​1¯​n2​y1−Re​(a1​2¯)​n1​y1+Re​(a1​2¯)​n2​y2−a2​2¯​n1​y2)),\tilde{h}_{n_{1},n_{2}}=h_{n_{1},n_{2}}\exp\left(\frac{2\pi i\text{Im}(a_{1\bar{2}})}{\mathbb{A}}(a_{1\bar{1}}n_{2}y_{1}-\text{Re}(a_{1\bar{2}})n_{1}y_{1}+\text{Re}(a_{1\bar{2}})n_{2}y_{2}-a_{2\bar{2}}n_{1}y_{2})\right),

these equations become the Helmholtz equations on ℝy1,y22×ℝμ\mathbb{R}^{2}_{y_{1},y_{2}}\times\mathbb{R}_{\mu},

Δa′​h~n1,n2=kn1,n22​h~n1,n2,\Delta_{a}^{\prime}\tilde{h}_{n_{1},n_{2}}=k_{n_{1},n_{2}}^{2}\tilde{h}_{n_{1},n_{2}},

where we denote kn1,n2=2​π​(ap​q¯​np​nq)1/2​(A𝔸)1/2k_{n_{1},n_{2}}=2\pi(a^{p\bar{q}}n_{p}n_{q})^{1/2}(\frac{A}{\mathbb{A}})^{1/2}.

The rest of the argument is substantially similar to Proposition 3.5. Observe that |distga′​(⋅,Im​(S))−R|≤C​A1/4|\text{dist}_{g_{a}^{\prime}}(\cdot,\text{Im}(S))-R|\leq CA^{1/4}. An upper barrier supersolution to the Helmholtz equation is directly constructed as

hn1,n2′=A−1/4{∫𝔇1e−kn1,n2​|(y1,y2−s,μ)|a′ds+∫𝔇2e−kn1,n2​|(y1−s,y2,μ)|a′ds+∫𝔇3e−kn1,n2​|(y1−s,y2−s,μ)|a′ds},\begin{split}h_{n_{1},n_{2}}^{\prime}=A^{-1/4}&\{\int_{\mathfrak{D}_{1}}e^{-k_{n_{1},n_{2}}|(y_{1},y_{2}-s,\mu)|_{a}^{\prime}}ds+\int_{\mathfrak{D}_{2}}e^{-k_{n_{1},n_{2}}|(y_{1}-s,y_{2},\mu)|_{a}^{\prime}}ds\\ &+\int_{\mathfrak{D}_{3}}e^{-k_{n_{1},n_{2}}|(y_{1}-s,y_{2}-s,\mu)|_{a}^{\prime}}ds\},\end{split}

where d​s=d​y2,d​y1,−d​y1ds=dy_{2},dy_{1},-dy_{1} on 𝔇1,𝔇2,𝔇3\mathfrak{D}_{1},\mathfrak{D}_{2},\mathfrak{D}_{3} respectively. Comparing the real and imaginary parts of h~n1,n2\tilde{h}_{n_{1},n_{2}} with C⁡(|n1|+|n2|)​hn1,n2′C(|n_{1}|+|n_{2}|)h_{n_{1},n_{2}}^{\prime} yields the result. ∎

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