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4.13. Incompleteness and running coupling [0474]

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4.13. Incompleteness and running coupling

The incompleteness of the Ooguri-Vafa type metric on the negative vertex has a strong analogy with the positive vertex as discussed in detail in Section 3.10. The key point is that asymptotes of the first order corrections vv and wp​q¯w^{p\bar{q}} lead naturally to a renormalisation flow equation, which in turn predicts the drifting of coupling constants ap​q¯a_{p\bar{q}} over many log scales.

If we follow the discussion of Section 3.10, but replace the asymptote (3.6) by (4.17), then we find that in the following variables

p1=a2​2¯,p2=a1​1¯,p3=a1​1¯+a1​2¯+a2​1¯+a2​2¯,p_{1}=\sqrt{a_{2\bar{2}}},\quad p_{2}=\sqrt{a_{1\bar{1}}},\quad p_{3}=\sqrt{a_{1\bar{1}}+a_{1\bar{2}}+a_{2\bar{1}}+a_{2\bar{2}}},

the renormalisation flow equation for the negative vertex is given as

(4.38) {dd​λ​p12=−12​p2−12​p3,dd​λ​p22=−12​p1−12​p3,dd​λ​p32=−12​p1−12​p2,dd​λ​Im​(a2​1¯)=0,\begin{cases}\frac{d}{d\lambda}p_{1}^{2}=-\frac{1}{2p_{2}}-\frac{1}{2p_{3}},\\ \frac{d}{d\lambda}p_{2}^{2}=-\frac{1}{2p_{1}}-\frac{1}{2p_{3}},\\ \frac{d}{d\lambda}p_{3}^{2}=-\frac{1}{2p_{1}}-\frac{1}{2p_{2}},\\ \frac{d}{d\lambda}\text{Im}(a_{2\bar{1}})=0,\end{cases}

where λ\lambda is the log scale parameter. The rest of this Section is concerned with geometric interpretations.

The renormalisation flow equation implies that

Im​(a2​1¯)=constant.\text{Im}(a_{2\bar{1}})=\text{constant}.

This is compatible with the fact that Im​(a2​1¯)\text{Im}(a_{2\bar{1}}) is the cohomological invariant determined by integrating the Kähler form on the T2T^{2}-cycle.

More interestingly, the evolution of p1,p2,p3p_{1},p_{2},p_{3} is formally identical to the renormalisation flow equation (3.16) for the positive vertex. This can be explained in terms of semiflat mirror symmetry (cf. Section 1.1.1) as follows, assuming the homological constraint Im​(a2​1¯)=0\text{Im}(a_{2\bar{1}})=0, namely ap​q¯a_{p\bar{q}} is a real symmetric matrix.

In general, given a semiflat SYZ fibration, the mirror SYZ fibration is obtained by replacing the torus fibres by their dual tori, interchanging the symplectic moment coordinates on the SYZ base with the complex affine coordinates on the SYZ base, and keeping the same Riemannian metric on the base. We apply this to the constant solution relevant to the positive vertex case (cf. Example 1.6)

Vi​j=ai​j,W=A=det(ai​j),V^{ij}=a_{ij},\quad W=A=\det(a_{ij}),

whose SYZ base is equipped with the Euclidean metric

ai​j​d​μi⊗d​μj+A​d​y2a_{ij}d\mu_{i}\otimes d\mu_{j}+Ady^{2}

written in the two symplectic moment coordinates μ1,μ2\mu_{1},\mu_{2} and a complex affine coordinate y=Im​(η)y=\text{Im}(\eta). The SYZ mirror is the constant solution relevant to the negative vertex

Wi​j¯=ai​j,V=A,W^{i\bar{j}}=a_{ij},\quad V=A,

whose SYZ base is equipped with the Euclidean metric

ai​j​d​yi⊗d​yj+A​d​μ2a_{ij}dy_{i}\otimes dy_{j}+Ad\mu^{2}

written in the two complex affine coordinate y1=Im​(η1),y2=Im​(η2)y_{1}=\text{Im}(\eta_{1}),y_{2}=\text{Im}(\eta_{2}) and a symplectic moment coordinate μ\mu. The crucial point is that mirror symmetry means the matrices ai​ja_{ij} appearing in both cases are the same.

Now the Ooguri-Vafa type metrics are perturbations of some constant solution at any given log scale, and the coupling constants ai​ja_{ij} drift slowly according to the renormalisation flow as the log scale changes. The formal coincidence of the renormalisation flow equations for both the positive vertex and the negative vertex agrees with semiflat mirror symmetry.

Remark 4.9.

The exlusion of the natural possibility that Im​(a2​1¯)≠0\text{Im}(a_{2\bar{1}})\neq 0 suggests that there may be generalisations of semiflat mirror symmetry to situations where special Lagrangian fibrations cannot exist (cf. Section 4.12).

Remark 4.10.

The positive and the negative vertices have drastically different features at refined scales: for example the positive vertex contains a fully nonlinear region modelled on the Taub-NUT type metric on ℂ3\mathbb{C}^{3}, while the negative vertex metric is obtained by a perturbative analysis. Nonetheless they share the same renormalisation flow equation, which controls large scale behaviours. The insight is that mirror symmetry should govern metric behaviours at large scales, but not necessarily at refined scales. In this perspective mirror symmetry owes its predicative power to the fact that questions in algebraic or symplectic geometry are mostly insensitive to small scale metric fluctuations.

Acknowledgement. The author thanks his PhD supervisor Simon Donaldson and co-supervisor Mark Haskins for their inspirations, and Song Sun for discussions.

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