ScalingStacks

Proof. [044E]

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Proof.

The renormalisation flow equation is equivalent to

{dd​λ​p1=−p2+p34​p1​p2​p3,dd​λ​p2=−p1+p34​p1​p2​p3,dd​λ​p3=−p1+p24​p1​p2​p3.\begin{cases}\frac{d}{d\lambda}p_{1}=-\frac{p_{2}+p_{3}}{4p_{1}p_{2}p_{3}},\\ \frac{d}{d\lambda}p_{2}=-\frac{p_{1}+p_{3}}{4p_{1}p_{2}p_{3}},\\ \frac{d}{d\lambda}p_{3}=-\frac{p_{1}+p_{2}}{4p_{1}p_{2}p_{3}}.\end{cases}

Summing over the three equations,

dd​λ​(p1+p2+p3)=−p1+p2+p32​p1​p2​p3,\frac{d}{d\lambda}(p_{1}+p_{2}+p_{3})=-\frac{p_{1}+p_{2}+p_{3}}{2p_{1}p_{2}p_{3}},

and taking the differences give

dd​λ​(p1−p2)=p1−p24​p1​p2​p3,dd​λ​(p1−p3)=p1−p34​p1​p2​p3.\frac{d}{d\lambda}(p_{1}-p_{2})=\frac{p_{1}-p_{2}}{4p_{1}p_{2}p_{3}},\quad\frac{d}{d\lambda}(p_{1}-p_{3})=\frac{p_{1}-p_{3}}{4p_{1}p_{2}p_{3}}.

Without loss of generality p1≥p2≥p3p_{1}\geq p_{2}\geq p_{3}, then

d​log⁡(p1+p2+p3)=−2​d​log⁡(p1−p2)=−2​log⁡(p1−p3)=−d​λ2​p1​p2​p3.d\log(p_{1}+p_{2}+p_{3})=-2d\log(p_{1}-p_{2})=-2\log(p_{1}-p_{3})=-\frac{d\lambda}{2p_{1}p_{2}p_{3}}.

In the degenerate case where p1=p2p_{1}=p_{2} say, it is understood that p1=p2p_{1}=p_{2} identically. Denote p1+p2+p3=3​t2/3p_{1}+p_{2}+p_{3}=3t^{2/3} for some new parameter tt, then after integration

p1−p2=K1t−1/3,p1−p3=K2t−1/3,p_{1}-p_{2}=K_{1}t^{-1/3},\quad p_{1}-p_{3}=K_{2}t^{-1/3},

for some constants 0≤K1≤K20\leq K_{1}\leq K_{2}. Rewriting these equations give

{p1=t2/3+13(K1+K2)t−1/3,p2=t2/3+13(K2−2K1)t−1/3,p3=t2/3+13(K1−2K2)t−1/3.\begin{cases}p_{1}=t^{2/3}+\frac{1}{3}(K_{1}+K_{2})t^{-1/3},\\ p_{2}=t^{2/3}+\frac{1}{3}(K_{2}-2K_{1})t^{-1/3},\\ p_{3}=t^{2/3}+\frac{1}{3}(K_{1}-2K_{2})t^{-1/3}.\end{cases}

Now

d​λ=−43​p1​p2​p3​d​tt=−43​t2​(t+13​(K1+K2))​(t+13​(K1−2​K2))​(t+13​(K2−2​K1))​d​t.d\lambda=-\frac{4}{3}p_{1}p_{2}p_{3}\frac{dt}{t}=\frac{-4}{3t^{2}}(t+\frac{1}{3}(K_{1}+K_{2}))(t+\frac{1}{3}(K_{1}-2K_{2}))(t+\frac{1}{3}(K_{2}-2K_{1}))dt.

Increasing λ\lambda corresponds to decreasing tt. We integrate to obtain

λ=−23​t2+49​(K12+K22−K1​K2)​log⁡t+481​(K1+K2)​(K2−2​K1)​(K1−2​K2)​1t+K3,\lambda=-\frac{2}{3}t^{2}+\frac{4}{9}(K_{1}^{2}+K_{2}^{2}-K_{1}K_{2})\log t+\frac{4}{81}(K_{1}+K_{2})(K_{2}-2K_{1})(K_{1}-2K_{2})\frac{1}{t}+K_{3},

where K3K_{3} is an integration constant. ∎

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