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3.7. Glue in the Taub-NUT type metric on ℂ 3 [043K]

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3.7. Glue in the Taub-NUT type metric on ℂ3\mathbb{C}^{3}

The Ooguri-Vafa type Kähler metric ansatz is designed as a periodic version of the Taub-NUT type metric on ℂ3\mathbb{C}^{3}, the latter having the correct topology and metric asymptote to glue in as a metric bubble inside the former. We shall produce the gluing ansatz while maintaining control on the complex structure. This will be divided into a number of steps.

3.7.1. Relative Gibbons-Hawking potential

We plan to exhibit a T2T^{2}-bundle preserving diffeomorphism Ψ1\Psi_{1} between the Taub-NUT type ℂ3\mathbb{C}^{3} and the positive vertex space Mν+M^{+}_{\nu} over the common base {0<|μ→|a≤13​A1/2}\{0<|\vec{\mu}|_{a}\leq\frac{1}{3}A^{1/2}\}, with good estimates on the deviations between both Kähler structures. Since 13​A1/2<12​A1/2\frac{1}{3}A^{1/2}<\frac{1}{2}A^{1/2}, the η\eta-periodic copies of such punctured discs do not overlap. The topology of the T2T^{2}-bundle structures on both spaces agree by construction. The remaining degrees of freedom in defining Ψ1\Psi_{1} amounts to a gauge choice, which is the same as a prescription of ϑiℂ3−Ψ1∗​ϑi\vartheta_{i}^{\mathbb{C}^{3}}-\Psi_{1}^{*}\vartheta_{i}.

As a general guideline, the corresponding quantities on ℂ3\mathbb{C}^{3} and Mν+M^{+}_{\nu} have the same singularity, so their difference are smooth quantities. We use superscripts for quantities on ℂ3\mathbb{C}^{3} to disambiguate from quantities on Mν+M^{+}_{\nu}.

Lemma 3.25.

Over the region {|μ→|a≤13A1/2}\{|\vec{\mu}|_{a}\leq\frac{1}{3}A^{1/2}\},

|Ψ1−1∗αi−α~i|≤CA−3/4|μ→|a,|∇gak(Ψ1−1∗αi−α~i)|ga≤CA−1/4−k/2,i=1,2,3.|\Psi_{1}^{-1*}\alpha_{i}-\tilde{\alpha}_{i}|\leq CA^{-3/4}|\vec{\mu}|_{a},\quad|\nabla_{g_{a}}^{k}(\Psi_{1}^{-1*}\alpha_{i}-\tilde{\alpha}_{i})|_{g_{a}}\leq CA^{-1/4-k/2},\quad i=1,2,3.
Proof.

The absolute estimate follows from Lemma 3.2. The higher order estimate follows from Δa\Delta_{a}-harmonicity. ∎

Lemma 3.26.

Over the disc {|μ→|a≤13A1/2}\{|\vec{\mu}|_{a}\leq\frac{1}{3}A^{1/2}\}

|β~i−Ψ1−1∗βi|≤CA−1/2|μ→|a,|∇gak(β~i−Ψ1−1∗βi)|ga≤CA−k/2.|\tilde{\beta}_{i}-\Psi_{1}^{-1*}\beta_{i}|\leq CA^{-1/2}|\vec{\mu}|_{a},\quad|\nabla^{k}_{g_{a}}(\tilde{\beta}_{i}-\Psi_{1}^{-1*}\beta_{i})|_{g_{a}}\leq CA^{-k/2}.
Proof.

The absolute estimate is contained in Lemma 3.7. The higher order estimates follow from the differential relations between β~i\tilde{\beta}_{i} and α~i\tilde{\alpha}_{i}, vis-a-vis βi{\beta}_{i} and αi{\alpha}_{i} (cf. Lemma 2.7). ∎

Corollary 3.27.

There is a real-valued relative Gibbons-Hawking potential φ2\varphi_{2} on the disc {|μ→|a≤13A1/2}\{|\vec{\mu}|_{a}\leq\frac{1}{3}A^{1/2}\}, such that its second derivatives are given by

{∂2φ2∂μi​∂μj=V(1)i​j−V~(1)i​j−∂2φ1∂μi​∂μj,i,j=1,2,∂2φ2∂η​∂η¯=−14​(W(1)−W~(1))−∂2φ1∂η​∂η¯,∂2φ2∂η​∂μi=12(βi−β~i)−∂2φ1∂η​∂μi,i=1,2.\begin{cases}\frac{\partial^{2}\varphi_{2}}{\partial\mu_{i}\partial\mu_{j}}=V_{(1)}^{ij}-\tilde{V}_{(1)}^{ij}-\frac{\partial^{2}\varphi_{1}}{\partial\mu_{i}\partial\mu_{j}},\quad i,j=1,2,\\ \frac{\partial^{2}\varphi_{2}}{\partial\eta\partial\bar{\eta}}=-\frac{1}{4}(W_{(1)}-\tilde{W}_{(1)})-\frac{\partial^{2}\varphi_{1}}{\partial\eta\partial\bar{\eta}},\\ \frac{\partial^{2}\varphi_{2}}{\partial\eta\partial\mu_{i}}=\frac{1}{2}(\beta_{i}-\tilde{\beta}_{i})-\frac{\partial^{2}\varphi_{1}}{\partial\eta\partial\mu_{i}},\quad i=1,2.\end{cases}

We can demand the estimates in {|μ→|a≤13A1/2}\{|\vec{\mu}|_{a}\leq\frac{1}{3}A^{1/2}\}:

|∇gakφ2|ga≤C​ν​A1/4−k/2,k≥0.|\nabla^{k}_{g_{a}}\varphi_{2}|_{g_{a}}\leq C\nu A^{1/4-k/2},\quad k\geq 0.
Proof.

The existence of φ2\varphi_{2} with presecribed second order derivatives is a consequence of integrability, notably Lemma 2.7 and its counterpart for Mν+M^{+}_{\nu}. If we impose that φ\varphi and its first order derivatives vanish at the origin, then the estimates follow immediately from the Lemmas above and Proposition 3.23. ∎

3.7.2. Modifying the Kähler ansatz I

We now modify (g~(2),ω~(2),Ω~(2))(\tilde{g}^{(2)},\tilde{\omega}^{(2)},\tilde{\Omega}^{(2)}) to an intermediate Kähler ansatz (g~(3),ω~(3),Ω)(\tilde{g}^{(3)},\tilde{\omega}^{(3)},\Omega) designed to match up exactly with (g(1),ω(1),Ωℂ3)(g^{(1)},\omega^{(1)},\Omega_{\mathbb{C}^{3}}) over {|μ→|a≤16A1/2}\{|\vec{\mu}|_{a}\leq\frac{1}{6}A^{1/2}\}. This will be constructed using the generalised Gibbons-Hawking ansatz.

Take a standard cutoff function χ\chi on ℝ\mathbb{R} with

χ⁡(s)={1s≤1,0s≥2,\chi(s)=\begin{cases}1\quad s\leq 1,\\ 0\quad s\geq 2,\end{cases}

and let φ3=χ⁡(|μ→|a16​A1/2)​φ2\varphi_{3}=\chi(\frac{|\vec{\mu}|_{a}}{\frac{1}{6}A^{1/2}})\varphi_{2} with φ2\varphi_{2} from Corollary 3.27,

V~(3)i​j=V~(2)i​j+∂2φ3∂μi​∂μj,W~(3)i​j=W~(2)i​j−4​∂2φ3∂η​∂η¯.\tilde{V}_{(3)}^{ij}=\tilde{V}_{(2)}^{ij}+\frac{\partial^{2}\varphi_{3}}{\partial\mu_{i}\partial\mu_{j}},\quad\tilde{W}_{(3)}^{ij}=\tilde{W}_{(2)}^{ij}-4\frac{\partial^{2}\varphi_{3}}{\partial\eta\partial\bar{\eta}}.

The perturbations are sufficiently small so that positive definiteness is not affected. The generalised Gibbons-Hawking construction produces the intermediate Kähler ansatz (g~(3),ω~(3),Ω)(\tilde{g}^{(3)},\tilde{\omega}^{(3)},\Omega). We identify Mν+M^{+}_{\nu} with the underlying space of (g~(3),ω~(3),Ω)(\tilde{g}^{(3)},\tilde{\omega}^{(3)},\Omega). The T2T^{2}-connection for (g~(3),ω~(3),Ω)(\tilde{g}^{(3)},\tilde{\omega}^{(3)},\Omega) is identified as (cf. (1.13))

ϑi(3)=ϑi(2)+−1​∂2φ3∂η​∂μi​d​η−−1​∂2φ3∂η¯​∂μi​d​η¯.\vartheta_{i}^{(3)}=\vartheta_{i}^{(2)}+\sqrt{-1}\frac{\partial^{2}\varphi_{3}}{\partial\eta\partial\mu_{i}}d\eta-\sqrt{-1}\frac{\partial^{2}\varphi_{3}}{\partial\bar{\eta}\partial\mu_{i}}d\bar{\eta}.

This amounts to making a gauge choice.

By construction (g~(3),ω~(3),Ω)(\tilde{g}^{(3)},\tilde{\omega}^{(3)},\Omega) agrees identically with (g~(2),ω~(2),Ω~(2))(\tilde{g}^{(2)},\tilde{\omega}^{(2)},\tilde{\Omega}^{(2)}) over {|μ→|a≥13A1/2}\{|\vec{\mu}|_{a}\geq\frac{1}{3}A^{1/2}\}, and modulo diffeomorphism agrees identically with (g(1),ω(1),Ωℂ3)({g}^{(1)},{\omega}^{(1)},\Omega_{\mathbb{C}^{3}}) over {|μ→|a≤16A1/2}\{|\vec{\mu}|_{a}\leq\frac{1}{6}A^{1/2}\}. By Corollary 3.27,

Lemma 3.28.

Over the region {16​A1/2≤|μ→|a≤13​A1/2}\{\frac{1}{6}A^{1/2}\leq|\vec{\mu}|_{a}\leq\frac{1}{3}A^{1/2}\},

‖g~(3)−g(1)‖C0,0k,α≤CνA−3/4,‖Ω−Ωℂ3‖C0,0k,α≤CνA−3/4,\left\lVert\tilde{g}^{(3)}-g^{(1)}\right\rVert_{C^{k,\alpha}_{0,0}}\leq C\nu A^{-3/4},\quad\left\lVert\Omega-\Omega_{\mathbb{C}^{3}}\right\rVert_{C^{k,\alpha}_{0,0}}\leq C\nu A^{-3/4},

and the volume form error E~(3)\tilde{E}^{(3)} of g~(3)\tilde{g}^{(3)} satisfies

‖E~(3)−Δaφ3‖C−1,0k,α≤Cν2A−3/4.\left\lVert\tilde{E}^{(3)}-\Delta_{a}\varphi_{3}\right\rVert_{C^{k,\alpha}_{-1,0}}\leq C\nu^{2}A^{-3/4}.

Henceforth the complex structure will be fixed, and can be identified as follows. The new holomorphic differentials are

(3.10) {dlogZ~i=dlogZi+d(∂(φ3+φ1)∂μi),i=1,2,d​log⁡Z~0=d​log⁡Z0−d⁡(∂(φ3+φ1)∂μ1+∂(φ3+φ1)∂μ2).\begin{cases}d\log\tilde{Z}_{i}=d\log Z_{i}+d(\frac{\partial(\varphi_{3}+\varphi_{1})}{\partial\mu_{i}}),\quad i=1,2,\\ d\log\tilde{Z}_{0}=d\log Z_{0}-d(\frac{\partial(\varphi_{3}+\varphi_{1})}{\partial\mu_{1}}+\frac{\partial(\varphi_{3}+\varphi_{1})}{\partial\mu_{2}}).\end{cases}

These have the same T3T^{3}-periods as d​log⁡Zid\log Z_{i}, which lie inside 2​π​−1​ℤ2\pi\sqrt{-1}\mathbb{Z}, so the new holomorphic functions Z~0,Z~1,Z~2\tilde{Z}_{0},\tilde{Z}_{1},\tilde{Z}_{2} are defined without multivalue issues. The functional equation

Z~0​Z~1​Z~2=1−e2​π​−1​η=1−Z3\tilde{Z}_{0}\tilde{Z}_{1}\tilde{Z}_{2}=1-e^{2\pi\sqrt{-1}\eta}=1-Z_{3}

persists from Lemma 3.10. The results in Proposition 3.11 hold verbatim:

Proposition 3.29.

(complex structure) The map M+→{Z~0Z~1Z~2=1−Z3}M^{+}\to\{\tilde{Z}_{0}\tilde{Z}_{1}\tilde{Z}_{2}=1-Z_{3}\} is a holomorphic open embedding. The T2T^{2}-action is identified as

ei​θ1⋅(Z~0,Z~1,Z~2)=(e−i​θ1​Z~0,ei​θ1​Z~1,Z~2),ei​θ2⋅(Z~0,Z~1,Z~2)=(e−i​θ2​Z~0,Z~1,ei​θ2​Z~2),e^{i\theta_{1}}\cdot(\tilde{Z}_{0},\tilde{Z}_{1},\tilde{Z}_{2})=(e^{-i\theta_{1}}\tilde{Z}_{0},e^{i\theta_{1}}\tilde{Z}_{1},\tilde{Z}_{2}),\quad e^{i\theta_{2}}\cdot(\tilde{Z}_{0},\tilde{Z}_{1},\tilde{Z}_{2})=(e^{-i\theta_{2}}\tilde{Z}_{0},\tilde{Z}_{1},e^{i\theta_{2}}\tilde{Z}_{2}),

and the holomorphic volume form is Ω=−−12​π​Z3​d​Z~0∧d​Z~1∧d​Z~2\Omega=-\frac{\sqrt{-1}}{2\pi Z_{3}}d\tilde{Z}_{0}\wedge d\tilde{Z}_{1}\wedge d\tilde{Z}_{2}. We shall identify M+M^{+} with its image.

Over {|μ→|a≤16A1/2}\{|\vec{\mu}|_{a}\leq\frac{1}{6}A^{1/2}\} the ansatz (g~(3),ω~(3),Ω)(\tilde{g}^{(3)},\tilde{\omega}^{(3)},\Omega) is identified with (g(1),ω(1),Ωℂ3)({g}^{(1)},\omega^{(1)},\Omega_{\mathbb{C}^{3}}) after suitable diffeomorphism. An identification of complex coordinates compatible with the holomorphic differential formula (3.10) is

{Z~1=z1​exp⁡{(π​−1​β1​(0,0,1)−−1​θ1∞)​η},Z~2=z2​exp⁡{(π​−1​β2​(0,0,1)−−1​θ2∞)​η},Z~0=−2​−1​sin⁡(π​η)η​z0​exp⁡{(π​−1​β0​(0,0,1)+−1​θ1∞+−1​θ2∞)​η}.\begin{cases}\tilde{Z}_{1}=z_{1}\exp\{(\pi\sqrt{-1}\beta_{1}(0,0,1)-\sqrt{-1}\theta_{1}^{\infty})\eta\},\\ \tilde{Z}_{2}=z_{2}\exp\{(\pi\sqrt{-1}\beta_{2}(0,0,1)-\sqrt{-1}\theta_{2}^{\infty})\eta\},\\ \tilde{Z}_{0}=\frac{-2\sqrt{-1}\sin(\pi\eta)}{\eta}z_{0}\exp\{(\pi\sqrt{-1}\beta_{0}(0,0,1)+\sqrt{-1}\theta_{1}^{\infty}+\sqrt{-1}\theta_{2}^{\infty})\eta\}.\end{cases}

This fixes the normalisation for the multiplicative constants of Z~i\tilde{Z}_{i}.

3.7.3. Modifying the Kähler ansatz II

We make a second modification from (g~(3),ω~(3),Ω)(\tilde{g}^{(3)},\tilde{\omega}^{(3)},\Omega) to another new Kähler ansatz (g~(4),ω~(4),Ω)(\tilde{g}^{(4)},\tilde{\omega}^{(4)},\Omega) designed to match up with the Taub-NUT type metric (gℂ3,ωℂ3,Ωℂ3)(g_{\mathbb{C}^{3}},\omega_{\mathbb{C}^{3}},\Omega_{\mathbb{C}^{3}}) in Chapter 2.

Recall from Theorem 2.26 that there is a Kähler potential ϕℂ3\phi^{\mathbb{C}^{3}} such that

ωℂ3=ω(2)+−1∂∂¯ϕℂ3=ω(1)+−1∂∂¯ϕℂ3,for |μ→|a≳A−1/4,\omega_{\mathbb{C}^{3}}=\omega^{(2)}+\sqrt{-1}\partial\bar{\partial}\phi^{\mathbb{C}^{3}}=\omega^{(1)}+\sqrt{-1}\partial\bar{\partial}\phi^{\mathbb{C}^{3}},\quad\text{for }|\vec{\mu}|_{a}\gtrsim A^{-1/4},

with bound ‖dϕℂ3‖C−ϵ,−1+ϵk+1,α​(ℂ3)≤CA−1/4.\left\lVert d\phi^{\mathbb{C}^{3}}\right\rVert_{C^{k+1,\alpha}_{-\epsilon,-1+\epsilon}(\mathbb{C}^{3})}\leq CA^{-1/4}. We can impose a normalisation such that |ϕℂ3|≤CA−1/2+34ϵ|\phi^{\mathbb{C}^{3}}|\leq CA^{-1/2+\frac{3}{4}\epsilon} for 1100​A1/2≲|μ→|a≤13​A1/2.\frac{1}{100}A^{1/2}\lesssim|\vec{\mu}|_{a}\leq\frac{1}{3}A^{1/2}.

We then define a modified Kähler metric ansatz ω~(4)\tilde{\omega}^{(4)} on Mν+M^{+}_{\nu}. Take a standard cutoff function

χ⁡(s)={1s≤1,0s≥2,\chi(s)=\begin{cases}1\quad s\leq 1,\\ 0\quad s\geq 2,\end{cases}

and define

ω~(4)=ω~(3)+−1​∂∂¯​ϕ4,ϕ4=χ⁡(|μ→|a112​A1/2)​ϕℂ3−2​φ3.\tilde{\omega}^{(4)}=\tilde{\omega}^{(3)}+\sqrt{-1}\partial\bar{\partial}\phi_{4},\quad\phi_{4}=\chi(\frac{|\vec{\mu}|_{a}}{\frac{1}{12}A^{1/2}})\phi^{\mathbb{C}^{3}}-2\varphi_{3}.

In particular

{ω~(4)=ωℂ3−2−1∂∂¯φ3,|μ→|a≤112​A1/2,ω~(4)=ω~(3),|μ→|a≥13​A1/2.\begin{cases}\tilde{\omega}^{(4)}=\omega_{\mathbb{C}^{3}}-2\sqrt{-1}\partial\bar{\partial}\varphi_{3},\quad&|\vec{\mu}|_{a}\leq\frac{1}{12}A^{1/2},\\ \tilde{\omega}^{(4)}=\tilde{\omega}^{(3)},\quad&|\vec{\mu}|_{a}\geq\frac{1}{3}A^{1/2}.\end{cases}

The positive definiteness of ω~(4)\tilde{\omega}^{(4)} follows from the metric deviation estimate:

{‖∂∂¯φ3‖Ck,α0,0(ℂ3∩{|μ→|a≤13A1/2})≤CνA−3/4,‖∂∂¯​{χ⁡(|μ→|a112​A1/2)​ϕℂ3}‖C−1−ϵ,0k,α​(|μ→|a∼A1/2)≤C​A3/4​(−1+ϵ).\begin{cases}\left\lVert\partial\bar{\partial}\varphi_{3}\right\rVert_{C^{k,\alpha}_{0,0}(\mathbb{C}^{3}\cap\{|\vec{\mu}|_{a}\leq\frac{1}{3}A^{1/2}\})}\leq C\nu A^{-3/4},\\ \left\lVert\partial\bar{\partial}\{\chi(\frac{|\vec{\mu}|_{a}}{\frac{1}{12}A^{1/2}})\phi^{\mathbb{C}^{3}}\}\right\rVert_{C^{k,\alpha}_{-1-\epsilon,0}(|\vec{\mu}|_{a}\sim A^{1/2})}\leq CA^{3/4(-1+\epsilon)}.\end{cases}

Here φ3\varphi_{3} is inserted to approximately cancel the cutoff error Δa​φ3\Delta_{a}\varphi_{3} in the volume form error E~(3)\tilde{E}^{(3)} (cf. Lemma 3.28).

Lemma 3.30.

The volume form error for g~(4)\tilde{g}^{(4)} admits bound in {|μ→|a≤13A1/2}\{|\vec{\mu}|_{a}\leq\frac{1}{3}A^{1/2}\}:

E~(4)=43(ω~(4))3−1​Ω∧Ω¯−1,‖E~(4)‖Ck,α−1−ϵ,0(ℂ3∩{|μ→|a≤13A1/2})≤Cν2A3/4​(−1+ϵ).\tilde{E}^{(4)}=\frac{4}{3}\frac{(\tilde{\omega}^{(4)})^{3}}{\sqrt{-1}\Omega\wedge\overline{\Omega}}-1,\quad\left\lVert\tilde{E}^{(4)}\right\rVert_{C^{k,\alpha}_{-1-\epsilon,0}(\mathbb{C}^{3}\cap\{|\vec{\mu}|_{a}\leq\frac{1}{3}A^{1/2}\})}\leq C\nu^{2}A^{3/4(-1+\epsilon)}.

3.7.4. Global weighted Hölder norms and error estimates

Now we introduce the global weighted Hölder norms ‖⋅‖Cδk,α\left\lVert\cdot\right\rVert_{C^{k,\alpha}_{\delta}} on Mν+M^{+}_{\nu} by demanding that up to uniform equivalence the norm is

  • •

    ‖⋅‖Cδk,α\left\lVert\cdot\right\rVert_{C^{k,\alpha}_{\delta}} on M+∩{|μ→|a≳A−1/4}M^{+}\cap\{|\vec{\mu}|_{a}\gtrsim A^{-1/4}\}, as defined in Section 3.4.

  • •

    ‖⋅‖Ck,αδ,0(ℂ3∩{|μ→|a≤13A1/2})\left\lVert\cdot\right\rVert_{C^{k,\alpha}_{\delta,0}(\mathbb{C}^{3}\cap\{|\vec{\mu}|_{a}\leq\frac{1}{3}A^{1/2}\})} on ℂ3\mathbb{C}^{3} for |μ→|a≤13​A1/2|\vec{\mu}|_{a}\leq\frac{1}{3}A^{1/2}.

On overlapping regions the definitions are equivalent.

Proposition 3.31.

On Mν+M^{+}_{\nu} the volume form error satisfies the estimate

(3.11) ‖E~(4)‖C−1−ϵk,α≤C​A3/4​(−1+ϵ)​ν2.\left\lVert\tilde{E}^{(4)}\right\rVert_{C^{k,\alpha}_{-1-\epsilon}}\leq CA^{3/4(-1+\epsilon)}\nu^{2}.
Proof.

Combine Lemma 3.30 with Corollary 3.24. ∎

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