ScalingStacks

Example 1.8 . [03Z2]

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Example 1.8.

(Taub-NUT) We take N=2,𝔫=1N=2,\mathfrak{n}=1, and V=W=12​μ2+|η|2+AV=W=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{\mu^{2}+|\eta|^{2}}}+A, where AA is a positive constant. This defines a Calabi-Yau metric whose asymptotic geometry at infinity approaches the constant solution (cf. Example 1.6), with asymptotic circles of length 2​πA\frac{2\pi}{\sqrt{A}} fibred over a flat 3-dimensional base. Different choices of AA define the same metric up to scaling. The first Chern class c1c_{1} of the S1S^{1}-bundle over (ℝμ×ℂη)∖{0}(\mathbb{R}_{\mu}\times\mathbb{C}_{\eta})\setminus\{0\} evaluates to −1-1 on any sphere around the origin in ℝμ×ℂη\mathbb{R}_{\mu}\times\mathbb{C}_{\eta}; equivalently, the 3-current −12​π​d​F-\frac{1}{2\pi}dF is represented by the origin 0∈ℝμ×ℂη0\in\mathbb{R}_{\mu}\times\mathbb{C}_{\eta} viewed as a codimension 3 cycle. Written in terms of the delta function,

12​π​d​F=12​π​(∂2∂μ2+4​∂2∂η​∂η¯)​V​d​μ∧d​Re​η∧d​Im​η=−δ⁡(μ,η,η¯)​d​μ∧d​Re​η∧d​Im​η.\frac{1}{2\pi}dF=\frac{1}{2\pi}(\frac{\partial^{2}}{\partial\mu^{2}}+4\frac{\partial^{2}}{\partial\eta\partial\bar{\eta}})Vd\mu\wedge d\text{Re}\eta\wedge d\text{Im}{\eta}=-\delta(\mu,\eta,\bar{\eta})d\mu\wedge d\text{Re}\eta\wedge d\text{Im}{\eta}.

From the holomorphic perspective, LeBrun [17] observes that the Taub-NUT space is biholomorphic to ℂ2\mathbb{C}^{2}. To see this, recall ζ=V​d​μ+−1​ϑ\zeta=Vd\mu+\sqrt{-1}\vartheta and notice the (1,0) form ζ−μ2​η​μ2+|η|2​d​η\zeta-\frac{\mu}{2\eta\sqrt{\mu^{2}+|\eta|^{2}}}d\eta is closed, so locally is the differential of a holomorphic function. The line integrals

logz1=∫ζ+(12​η−μ2​η​μ2+|η|2)dη,logz0=∫−ζ+(12​η+μ2​η​μ2+|η|2)dη\log z_{1}=\int\zeta+(\frac{1}{2\eta}-\frac{\mu}{2\eta\sqrt{\mu^{2}+|\eta|^{2}}})d\eta,\quad\log z_{0}=\int-\zeta+(\frac{1}{2\eta}+\frac{\mu}{2\eta\sqrt{\mu^{2}+|\eta|^{2}}})d\eta

define holomorphic functions up to 2​π​−1​ℤ2\pi\sqrt{-1}\mathbb{Z} over the regions ℝ×ℂ∖{η=0,μ≤0}\mathbb{R}\times\mathbb{C}\setminus\{\eta=0,\mu\leq 0\} and ℝ×ℂ∖{η=0,μ≥0}\mathbb{R}\times\mathbb{C}\setminus\{\eta=0,\mu\geq 0\} respectively, so z1z_{1} and z0z_{0} are well defined over the respective regions. Since d​log⁡z1+d​log⁡z0=d​log⁡ηd\log z_{1}+d\log z_{0}=d\log\eta we can normalise z0,z1z_{0},z_{1} to satisfy the functional equation z1​z0=ηz_{1}z_{0}=\eta, whence z1z_{1} and z0z_{0} extend as global holomorphic functions. These coordinates exhibit the biholomorphism to ℂ2\mathbb{C}^{2}. By considering the Hamiltonian vector field acting on log⁡z1,log⁡z0\log z_{1},\log z_{0}, we idenitfy the S1S^{1} action as

ei​θ⋅(z1,z0)=(ei​θ​z1,e−i​θ​z0).e^{i\theta}\cdot(z_{1},z_{0})=(e^{i\theta}z_{1},e^{-i\theta}z_{0}).

The holomorphic volume form is

Ω=−−1​ζ∧d​η=−−1​d​log⁡z1∧d⁡(z1​z0)=−1​d​z0∧d​z1.\Omega=-\sqrt{-1}\zeta\wedge d\eta=-\sqrt{-1}d\log z_{1}\wedge d(z_{1}z_{0})=\sqrt{-1}dz_{0}\wedge dz_{1}.

Thus η=z0​z1\eta=z_{0}z_{1} defines holomorphic fibration of ℂ2\mathbb{C}^{2} by affine quadrics. The generic quadric fibre is topologically a cylinder, and metrically is also approaching the flat cylindrical metric near spatial infinity. When η=0\eta=0, the quadric fibre degenerates into a union of two complex lines with simple normal crossing, where each line looks metrically like a cylinder with one capped end.

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