8. Extensions [0180]
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8. Extensions
In this section we extend the main results in various directions.
8.1. A singular version of Theorem A
Let be a projective, flat holomorphic map of a normal complex space onto the disc, with smooth over . Since is projective, it defines a smooth projective variety over , as well as a model .
Let be a -line bundle on extending , and a continuous Hermitian metric on . This data induces a continuous Hermitian metric on for , as well as a residually metrized model of , the model given by and the metric by the restriction of to . Thus we obtain a skeletal measure on .
Denote by (resp. ) the pull-back of (resp. ) to a log resolution . By invariance of skeletal measures under pull-back, we have , and Theorem 3.4 therefore implies:
Theorem 8.1.
The rescaled measures
viewed as measures on , converge weakly to .
Corollary 8.2.
If (i.e. the pair ) is dlt, then
where runs over the -dimensional faces of .
When , this implies the following slight generalization of [Li13, Lemma 1].
Corollary 8.3.
Assume that has klt singularities (and hence is dlt by inversion of adjunction). Let be a continuous metric on . Then is continuous at .
8.2. Corollary B for pairs
Suppose is a projective subklt pair over that is meromorphic at .
By Bertini’s theorem (see [Kol97, 4.8] and also below), the pair is subklt for all outside a discrete subset . Let be a continuous metric on . As explained in §1.2, induces a finite positive measure on for .
Assume that has analytic singularities in the sense that there exists a flat projective map extending , with normal, and a -line bundle on extending such that extends continuously to .
Our assumptions imply that is defined over the Banach ring described in Appendix A for . Let be the analytification of the base change . Recall that naturally fibers over , with and .
Theorem 8.4.
The pair is klt for . Further, there exist and such that the rescaled measures
viewed as measures on , converge weakly, as , to a finite positive measure on .
A special case of Theorem 8.4 is the log Calabi–Yau setting, when the -line bundle is trivial. In general, we are not able to give a very precise description of the limit measure , but the proof will show that is a skeletal measure when the pair is log smooth.
Proof of Theorem 8.4.
Let us first treat the case when is log smooth. In this case we need not assume that is projective. It follows from the normal crossings condition that is subklt for . After reparametrizing we may assume this is true for all , that is, . Set
This is a positive measure on , smooth outside the support of . Pick an snc model of , where is the closure of in , such that extends to a continuous metric on a -line bundle on extending .
We can then prove a version of Theorem A inside the hybrid space . By letting vary, we obtain Theorem 8.4 as a consequence, just as Corollary B follows from Theorem A.
The proof is very similar to the proof of Theorem A, so we will only indicate the modifications needed. Let us write
with . Set and . Here as before.
Define as the subcomplex of spanned by the vertices such that . This will be the support of the measure . For every stratum corresponding to a maximal face of , define a subklt pair using
The residual measure is given by
Finally set
where ranges over the -dimensional faces of , with .
We then prove a version of Theorem 3.4. Namely, if
then we show that converges to in as . This is done via a local convergence result as in Lemma 3.5. Namely, given a point , we choose local coordinates at as in §3.2, but further require that these coordinates also cut out the irreducible components of containing . More precisely, there exist with such that these irreducible components are given by for . Also set .
A local -generator for at is then given by
with as before. For a stratum corresponding to a -dimensional simplex in , the residual measure is given by
| (8.1) |
The measure can be written near as
The proof now proceeds exactly as in §3.3 except that we need to insert a factor in the last two lines of (3.3) and (3.6), the second line and the second factor of the last line of (3.7), and the right-hand sides of (3.8) and (3.9). This completes the proof in the log smooth case.
Now we consider the general case, assuming is projective. Pick a log resolution . Since is subklt for , the same is true for . We have an induced continuous map . By what precedes, there exist and such that the measure on converges to a nonzero positive measure on . By continuity, it follows that converges to the nonzero positive measure on . This completes the proof. ∎
8.3. Degenerations of Ricci-flat Kähler manifolds
Let be a Ricci-flat Kähler manifold, i.e. a compact Kähler manifold with trivial first Chern class . Then carries a canonical probability measure , given by where is a Hermitian metric on with curvature (and hence unique up to a constant).
By the Calabi-Yau theorem, each Kähler -class on further contains a unique Ricci-flat Kähler metric , characterized by
Recall also that is torsion, i.e. for some positive integer . Indeed, this is a consequence of the Beauville-Bogomolov theorem [Beau83, Bog74], which implies that admits a finite étale cover with trivial. A trivializing section of defines a metric on as above, and hence .
As a consequence of Theorem A, we shall prove:
Theorem 8.5.
Let be a holomorphic family of Calabi-Yau Kähler manifolds , meromorphic at , and let be the corresponding family of canonical probability measures. For any snc model , converges in to a skeletal measure supported in .
Proof.
As recalled above, is torsion for each fixed . Equivalently, for some positive integer . Since is upper semicontinuous in the Zariski topology, it follows that is trivial for a fixed independent of . Given any snc model , is torsion free of rank one, and hence a line bundle. The choice of a trivializing section yields a holomorphic section of , inducing a holomorphic family of trivializing sections of for . As a consequence, the family of volume forms has analytic singularities at , and the result is thus a consequence of Theorem A, since . ∎