ScalingStacks

3.1. Residual measures [015C]

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3.1. Residual measures

Let Ο€:𝒳→𝔻\pi\colon{\mathcal{X}}\to{\mathbb{D}} be an snc degeneration, i.e. a proper, surjective holomorphic map from a connected complex manifold to the unit disc in β„‚{\mathbb{C}}, whose restriction to X:=Ο€βˆ’1​(π”»βˆ—)X:=\pi^{-1}({\mathbb{D}}^{*}) is a submersion and such that 𝒳0:=Ο€βˆ’1​(0)=βˆ‘i∈Ibi​Ei{\mathcal{X}}_{0}:=\pi^{-1}(0)=\sum_{i\in I}b_{i}E_{i} has snc support. Note that Xt:=Ο€βˆ’1​(t)X_{t}:=\pi^{-1}(t) is non-singular for tβˆˆπ”»βˆ—t\in{\mathbb{D}}^{*}. The dual complex Δ⁑(𝒳)\Delta({\mathcal{X}}) is defined as that of 𝒳0{\mathcal{X}}_{0}; it is equipped with its natural β„€{\mathbb{Z}}-PA structure. The logarithmic canonical bundle of 𝒳{\mathcal{X}} is

K𝒳log:=K𝒳+𝒳0,red.K^{\mathrm{log}}_{\mathcal{X}}:=K_{\mathcal{X}}+{\mathcal{X}}_{0,\mathrm{red}}.

Setting K𝔻log:=K𝔻+[0]K^{\mathrm{log}}_{{\mathbb{D}}}:=K_{\mathbb{D}}+[0], we define the relative logarithmic canonical bundle as

K𝒳/𝔻log:=K𝒳logβˆ’Ο€βˆ—β€‹K𝔻log=K𝒳/𝔻+𝒳0,redβˆ’π’³0.K^{\mathrm{log}}_{{\mathcal{X}}/{\mathbb{D}}}:=K^{\mathrm{log}}_{\mathcal{X}}-\pi^{*}K^{\mathrm{log}}_{{\mathbb{D}}}=K_{{\mathcal{X}}/{\mathbb{D}}}+{\mathcal{X}}_{0,\mathrm{red}}-{\mathcal{X}}_{0}.

Now suppose we are given a β„š{\mathbb{Q}}-line bundle β„’{\mathcal{L}} on 𝒳{\mathcal{X}} extending KX/π”»βˆ—K_{X/{\mathbb{D}}^{*}}. We then have a unique decomposition

K𝒳/𝔻log=β„’+βˆ‘i∈Iai​EiK^{\mathrm{log}}_{{\mathcal{X}}/{\mathbb{D}}}={\mathcal{L}}+\sum_{i\in I}a_{i}E_{i}

with aiβˆˆβ„ša_{i}\in{\mathbb{Q}}. Set ΞΊi:=ai/bi\kappa_{i}:=a_{i}/b_{i} and ΞΊmin:=mini⁑κi\kappa_{\min}:=\min_{i}\kappa_{i}.

Definition 3.1.

We denote by Δ⁑(β„’)\Delta({\mathcal{L}}) the subcomplex of Δ⁑(𝒳)\Delta({\mathcal{X}}) such that a face Οƒ\sigma of Δ⁑(𝒳)\Delta({\mathcal{X}}) is in Δ⁑(β„’)\Delta({\mathcal{L}}) if and only if each vertex of Οƒ\sigma achieves mini⁑κi\min_{i}\kappa_{i}.

In general, Δ⁑(β„’)\Delta({\mathcal{L}}) is neither connected nor pure dimensional. We say that a face of Δ⁑(β„’)\Delta({\mathcal{L}}) is maximal if it is not contained in a larger face of Δ⁑(β„’)\Delta({\mathcal{L}}).

Lemma 3.2.

Let YβŠ‚π’³0Y\subset{\mathcal{X}}_{0} be a stratum corresponding to face Οƒ\sigma of Δ⁑(𝒳)\Delta({\mathcal{X}}), and denote by JβŠ‚IJ\subset I the set of irreducible components EiE_{i} cutting out YY. Then

BYβ„’:=βˆ‘iβˆ‰J(1βˆ’(aiβˆ’ΞΊmin​bi))​Ei|YB^{\mathcal{L}}_{Y}:=\sum_{i\notin J}(1-(a_{i}-\kappa_{\min}b_{i}))E_{i}|_{Y}

is a β„š{\mathbb{Q}}-divisor on YY with snc support, and we have a canonical identification

β„’|Y=K(Y,BYβ„’):=KY+BYβ„’{\mathcal{L}}|_{Y}=K_{(Y,B^{\mathcal{L}}_{Y})}:=K_{Y}+B^{\mathcal{L}}_{Y}

as β„š{\mathbb{Q}}-line bundles. If we further assume that Οƒ\sigma is a maximal face of Δ⁑(β„’)\Delta({\mathcal{L}}), then BYβ„’B^{\mathcal{L}}_{Y} has coefficients <1<1, so the pair (Y,BYβ„’)(Y,B^{\mathcal{L}}_{Y}) is subklt.

Proof.

The first point is a simple consequence of the triviality of the normal bundle π’ͺ𝒳0​(𝒳0){\mathcal{O}}_{{\mathcal{X}}_{0}}({\mathcal{X}}_{0}) together with the adjunction formula

KY=(K𝒳+βˆ‘i∈JEi)|Y,K_{Y}=(K_{\mathcal{X}}+\sum_{i\in J}E_{i})|_{Y},

canonically realized by PoincarΓ© residues once an order on JJ has been chosen. When Οƒ\sigma is a maximal face of Δ⁑(β„’)\Delta({\mathcal{L}}), each EiE_{i} meeting YY properly satisfies ΞΊi>ΞΊmin\kappa_{i}>\kappa_{\min}, which implies that BYβ„’B^{\mathcal{L}}_{Y} has coefficients <1<1. ∎

If ψ\psi is a continuous metric on β„’{\mathcal{L}}, ψ|Y\psi|_{Y} may thus be viewed as a metric on K(Y,BYβ„’)K_{(Y,B^{\mathcal{L}}_{Y})}. When Οƒ\sigma is a maximal face of Δ⁑(β„’)\Delta({\mathcal{L}}), the pair (Y,BYβ„’)(Y,B^{\mathcal{L}}_{Y}) is subklt, and LemmaΒ 1.1 applies. This leads to the following notion.

Definition 3.3.

Let YY be a stratum corresponding to a maximal face of Δ⁑(β„’)\Delta({\mathcal{L}}). The residual measure on YY of a continuous metric ψ\psi on β„’{\mathcal{L}} is the (finite) positive measure on YY defined by

ResY⁑(ψ):=exp⁑(2​(ψ|Yβˆ’Ο•BYβ„’)).\operatorname{Res}_{Y}(\psi):=\exp\left(2(\psi|_{Y}-\phi_{B^{\mathcal{L}}_{Y}})\right).

This measure can be more explicitly described as follows. At each point ξ∈Y\xi\in Y, pick local coordinates (z0,…,zn)(z_{0},\dots,z_{n}) such that z0,…,zpz_{0},\dots,z_{p} are local equations for the components E0,…,EpE_{0},\dots,E_{p} of 𝒳0{\mathcal{X}}_{0} that pass through ΞΎ\xi, indexed so that J={0,…,d}J=\{0,\dots,d\}, where 0≀d≀p0\leq d\leq p, and such that t=∏j=0pzjbjt=\prod_{j=0}^{p}z_{j}^{b_{j}} The logarithmic form

Ξ©:=d​z0z0βˆ§β‹―βˆ§d​zpzp∧d​zp+1βˆ§β‹―βˆ§d​zn\Omega:=\frac{dz_{0}}{z_{0}}\wedge\dots\wedge\frac{dz_{p}}{z_{p}}\wedge dz_{p+1}\wedge\dots\wedge dz_{n}

is a local trivialization of K𝒳logK^{\mathrm{log}}_{{\mathcal{X}}}, and hence induces a local trivialization Ξ©rel=Ξ©βŠ—(d​t/t)βˆ’1\Omega^{\mathrm{rel}}=\Omega\otimes(dt/t)^{-1} of K𝒳/𝔻logK^{\mathrm{log}}_{{\mathcal{X}}/{\mathbb{D}}}. We may then view Ο„:=∏i=0pziai​Ωrel\tau:=\prod_{i=0}^{p}z_{i}^{a_{i}}\Omega^{\mathrm{rel}} as a local β„š{\mathbb{Q}}-generator of β„’{\mathcal{L}}. Under the identification β„’|Y=K(Y,BYβ„’){\mathcal{L}}|_{Y}=K_{(Y,B^{\mathcal{L}}_{Y})}, we have

Ο„|Y=∏i=d+1pziaiβˆ’ΞΊmin​bi​ResY⁑(Ξ©)\tau|_{Y}=\prod_{i=d+1}^{p}z_{i}^{a_{i}-\kappa_{\min}b_{i}}\operatorname{Res}_{Y}(\Omega)

with

ResY⁑(Ξ©)=d​zd+1zd+1βˆ§β‹―βˆ§d​zpzp∧d​zp+1βˆ§β‹―βˆ§d​zn|Y.\operatorname{Res}_{Y}(\Omega)=\frac{dz_{d+1}}{z_{d+1}}\wedge\dots\wedge\frac{dz_{p}}{z_{p}}\wedge dz_{p+1}\wedge\dots\wedge dz_{n}\bigg|_{Y}.

We infer

ResY⁑(ψ)=|Ο„|Οˆβˆ’2β€‹βˆi=d+1p|zi|2​(aiβˆ’ΞΊmin​biβˆ’1)​|β‹€i=d+1nd​zi|2.\operatorname{Res}_{Y}(\psi)=|\tau|^{-2}_{\psi}\prod_{i=d+1}^{p}|z_{i}|^{2(a_{i}-\kappa_{\min}b_{i}-1)}\bigg|\bigwedge_{i=d+1}^{n}dz_{i}\bigg|^{2}. (3.1)

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