ScalingStacks

Proof. [053Y]

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Proof.

Since 𝒒k​(z)\mathcal{G}_{k}(z) and π’Ÿk​(z)\mathcal{D}_{k}(z) solve the homogeneous equation

(5.84) d2​uk​(z)d​z2βˆ’(jk2​n24β‹…zn+n​λk)​znβˆ’2​uk​(z)=0\frac{d^{2}u_{k}(z)}{dz^{2}}-(\frac{j_{k}^{2}n^{2}}{4}\cdot z^{n}+n\lambda_{k})z^{n-2}u_{k}(z)=0

which misses the first order term. Immediately, for all zβ‰₯0z\geq 0,

(5.85) dd​z​𝒲​(𝒒k​(z),π’Ÿk​(z))=0,\frac{d}{dz}\mathcal{W}(\mathcal{G}_{k}(z),\mathcal{D}_{k}(z))=0,

which implies that the Wronskian 𝒲⁑(𝒒k​(z),π’Ÿk​(z))\mathcal{W}(\mathcal{G}_{k}(z),\mathcal{D}_{k}(z)) is a constant. So it suffices to calculate it at z=0z=0. By the definition of the Wronskian,

𝒲⁑(𝒒k​(z),π’Ÿk​(z))=\displaystyle\mathcal{W}(\mathcal{G}_{k}(z),\mathcal{D}_{k}(z))= ejk​znβ‹…(Φ♯⁑(Ξ²,Ξ±,βˆ’jk​zn)β‹…ddz​Ψ♭⁑(Ξ²,Ξ±,βˆ’jk​zn)CLOSE\displaystyle e^{j_{k}z^{n}}\cdot\Big(\Ku(\beta,\alpha,-j_{k}z^{n})\cdot\frac{d}{dz}\Tri(\beta,\alpha,-j_{k}z^{n})
(5.86) βˆ’dd​zΞ¦β™―(Ξ²,Ξ±,βˆ’jkzn)β‹…Ξ¨β™­(Ξ²,Ξ±,βˆ’jkzn)).\displaystyle-\frac{d}{dz}\Ku(\beta,\alpha,-j_{k}z^{n})\cdot\Tri(\beta,\alpha,-j_{k}z^{n})\Big).

To calculate dd​z​Ψ♭⁑(Ξ²,Ξ±,βˆ’jk​zn)\frac{d}{dz}\Tri(\beta,\alpha,-j_{k}z^{n}), we will apply Kummer’s transformation law to relate Ξ¨β™­\Tri and Ξ¦β™―\Ku, that is,

(5.87) Ψ♭⁑(Ξ²,Ξ±,βˆ’jk​zn)\displaystyle\Tri(\beta,\alpha,-j_{k}z^{n})
=\displaystyle= eβˆ’jk​zn⋅𝒰⁑(Ξ±βˆ’Ξ²,Ξ±,jk​zn)\displaystyle e^{-{j_{k}}z^{n}}\cdot\mathcal{U}(\alpha-\beta,\alpha,{j_{k}}z^{n})
=\displaystyle= eβˆ’jk​znβ‹…(Γ⁑(1βˆ’Ξ±)Γ⁑(1βˆ’Ξ²)⋅Φ♯⁑(Ξ±βˆ’Ξ²,Ξ±,jk​zn)+Γ⁑(Ξ±βˆ’1)Γ⁑(Ξ±βˆ’Ξ²)β‹…(jk​zn)1βˆ’Ξ±β€‹Ξ¦β™―β‘(1βˆ’Ξ²,2βˆ’Ξ±,jk​zn))\displaystyle e^{-{j_{k}}z^{n}}\cdot\Big(\frac{\Gamma(1-\alpha)}{\Gamma(1-\beta)}\cdot\Ku(\alpha-\beta,\alpha,{j_{k}}z^{n})+\frac{\Gamma(\alpha-1)}{\Gamma(\alpha-\beta)}\cdot({j_{k}}z^{n})^{1-\alpha}\Ku(1-\beta,2-\alpha,{j_{k}}z^{n})\Big)
=\displaystyle= eβˆ’jk​znβ‹…(Γ⁑(1βˆ’Ξ±)Γ⁑(1βˆ’Ξ²)⋅Φ♯⁑(Ξ±βˆ’Ξ²,Ξ±,jk​zn)+Γ⁑(Ξ±βˆ’1)Γ⁑(Ξ±βˆ’Ξ²)β‹…jk1n​z⋅Φ♯⁑(1βˆ’Ξ²,2βˆ’Ξ±,jk​zn))\displaystyle e^{-{j_{k}}z^{n}}\cdot\Big(\frac{\Gamma(1-\alpha)}{\Gamma(1-\beta)}\cdot\Ku(\alpha-\beta,\alpha,{j_{k}}z^{n})+\frac{\Gamma(\alpha-1)}{\Gamma(\alpha-\beta)}\cdot{j_{k}}^{\frac{1}{n}}z\cdot\Ku(1-\beta,2-\alpha,{j_{k}}z^{n})\Big)
=\displaystyle= Γ⁑(1βˆ’Ξ±)Γ⁑(1βˆ’Ξ²)⋅Φ♯⁑(Ξ²,Ξ±,βˆ’jk​zn)+Γ⁑(Ξ±βˆ’1)Γ⁑(Ξ±βˆ’Ξ²)β‹…jk1n​z⋅Φ♯⁑(1βˆ’Ξ±+Ξ²,2βˆ’Ξ±,βˆ’jk​zn).\displaystyle\frac{\Gamma(1-\alpha)}{\Gamma(1-\beta)}\cdot\Ku(\beta,\alpha,-{j_{k}}z^{n})+\frac{\Gamma(\alpha-1)}{\Gamma(\alpha-\beta)}\cdot{j_{k}}^{\frac{1}{n}}z\cdot\Ku(1-\alpha+\beta,2-\alpha,-{j_{k}}z^{n}).

So it follows that

(5.88) dd​z​Ψ♭⁑(Ξ²,Ξ±,βˆ’jk​zn)\displaystyle\frac{d}{dz}\Tri(\beta,\alpha,-{j_{k}}z^{n})
=\displaystyle= Γ⁑(1βˆ’Ξ±)Γ⁑(1βˆ’Ξ²)β‹…dd​z​Φ♯⁑(Ξ²,Ξ±,βˆ’jk​zn)+Γ⁑(Ξ±βˆ’1)Γ⁑(Ξ±βˆ’Ξ²)β‹…jk1nβ‹…(Φ♯⁑(1βˆ’Ξ±+Ξ²,2βˆ’Ξ±,βˆ’jk​zn)CLOSE\displaystyle\frac{\Gamma(1-\alpha)}{\Gamma(1-\beta)}\cdot\frac{d}{dz}\Ku(\beta,\alpha,-{j_{k}}z^{n})+\frac{\Gamma(\alpha-1)}{\Gamma(\alpha-\beta)}\cdot{j_{k}}^{\frac{1}{n}}\cdot\Big(\Ku(1-\alpha+\beta,2-\alpha,-{j_{k}}z^{n})
+\displaystyle+ OPENzβ‹…dd​z​Φ♯⁑(1βˆ’Ξ±+Ξ²,2βˆ’Ξ±,βˆ’jk​zn)).\displaystyle z\cdot\frac{d}{dz}\Ku(1-\alpha+\beta,2-\alpha,-{j_{k}}z^{n})\Big).

Since nβ‰₯2n\geq 2, it directly follows from the definition of Ξ¦β™―\Ku that

(5.89) dd​z|z=0​Φ♯⁑(Ξ²,Ξ±,βˆ’jk​zn)=0,\displaystyle\frac{d}{dz}\Big|_{z=0}\Ku(\beta,\alpha,-{j_{k}}z^{n})=0,
(5.90) dd​z|z=0​Φ♯⁑(1βˆ’Ξ±+Ξ²,2βˆ’Ξ±,βˆ’jk​zn)=0.\displaystyle\frac{d}{dz}\Big|_{z=0}\Ku(1-\alpha+\beta,2-\alpha,-{j_{k}}z^{n})=0.

Therefore,

(5.91) dd​z|z=0​Ψ♭⁑(Ξ²,Ξ±,βˆ’jk​zn)\displaystyle\frac{d}{dz}\Big|_{z=0}\Tri(\beta,\alpha,-{j_{k}}z^{n}) =\displaystyle= Γ⁑(Ξ±βˆ’1)Γ⁑(Ξ±βˆ’Ξ²)β‹…jk1n⋅Φ♯⁑(1βˆ’Ξ±+Ξ²,2βˆ’Ξ±,0)\displaystyle\frac{\Gamma(\alpha-1)}{\Gamma(\alpha-\beta)}\cdot{j_{k}}^{\frac{1}{n}}\cdot\Ku(1-\alpha+\beta,2-\alpha,0)
=\displaystyle= Γ⁑(Ξ±βˆ’1)β‹…jk1nΓ⁑(Ξ±βˆ’Ξ²).\displaystyle\frac{\Gamma(\alpha-1)\cdot{j_{k}}^{\frac{1}{n}}}{\Gamma(\alpha-\beta)}.

Now evaluate (5.86) at z=0z=0, we have

(5.92) 𝒲⁑(𝒒k,π’Ÿk)​(z)=𝒲⁑(𝒒k,π’Ÿk)​(0)=dd​z|z=0​Ψ♭⁑(Ξ²,Ξ±,βˆ’jk​zn)=Γ⁑(Ξ±βˆ’1)β‹…jk1nΓ⁑(Ξ±βˆ’Ξ²).\mathcal{W}(\mathcal{G}_{k},\mathcal{D}_{k})(z)=\mathcal{W}(\mathcal{G}_{k},\mathcal{D}_{k})(0)=\frac{d}{dz}\Big|_{z=0}\Tri(\beta,\alpha,-{j_{k}}z^{n})=\frac{\Gamma(\alpha-1)\cdot{j_{k}}^{\frac{1}{n}}}{\Gamma(\alpha-\beta)}.

∎

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