Proof.
As mentioned in the beginning of this section, we identify a tubular neighborhood of in with a neighborhood of the zero section in its normal bundle . For simplicity we may assume this neighborhood is given by , the 2-ball bundle over consisting of the set of all elements in with norm smaller than or equal to , and we denote by the boundary of .
Fix , then the composition of the natural maps
| (4.22) |
|
|
|
is the identity map, which implies that for all , the map is surjective and we have a natural splitting
| (4.23) |
|
|
|
for some .
By assumption for ,
| (4.24) |
|
|
|
so is integral. Hence it suffices to show the integral of over any element in is also an integer.
By the Mayer-Vietoris sequence applied to , we get
| (4.25) |
|
|
|
So we obtain the exact sequence
| (4.26) |
|
|
|
On the other hand,
by the Gysin sequence applied to the 2-sphere bundle we get
| (4.27) |
|
|
|
where denotes integration over the 2-sphere fibers, and denotes the wedge product with Euler class of .
Since the Euler class of vanishes, the above becomes
| (4.28) |
|
|
|
(4.26) and (4.28) together imply that modulo torsion, is generated by the homology class of a 2-sphere fiber of . So we just need to show is an integer.
By the expansion of and in Proposition 3.24 and Proposition 3.28, it is easy to check that by restricting to the fiber of over , we have
| (4.29) |
|
|
|
Further restricting to the -sphere with radius , we get
| (4.30) |
|
|
|
where is the area form of the standard -sphere in . Taking the integral and let gives that
| (4.31) |
|
|
|