ScalingStacks

Proof. [0506]

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Proof.

The proof consists of two steps.

The first step focuses on the computation for d∗​d​ϕ1d^{*}d\phi_{1}. Starting with the expansion of ϕ1\phi_{1} in (3.113), we have

(3.120) d​ϕ1=−1+Hα​yα+O~​(r2)2​r3⋅r​d​r∧dvolN+12​r​d​((1−Hα​yα+O~​(r2))​dvolN).d\phi_{1}=\frac{-1+H_{\alpha}y_{\alpha}+\widetilde{O}(r^{2})}{2r^{3}}\cdot rdr\wedge\dvol_{N}+\frac{1}{2r}d\Big((1-H^{\alpha}y_{\alpha}+{\widetilde{O}}(r^{2}))\dvol_{N}\Big).

To deal with the first term, we use Lemma 3.11 and (3.13) in Lemma 3.2, then

(3.121) yα​ηα\displaystyle y_{\alpha}\eta_{\alpha} =\displaystyle= yα​d​yα−yα​pi​α​d​xi\displaystyle y_{\alpha}dy_{\alpha}-y_{\alpha}p_{i\alpha}dx_{i}
=\displaystyle= r​d​r−yα​gi​α​d​xi+O~​(r4)\displaystyle rdr-y_{\alpha}g_{i\alpha}dx_{i}+\widetilde{O}(r^{4})
=\displaystyle= r​d​r+O~​(r4),\displaystyle rdr+\widetilde{O}(r^{4}),

which yields

(3.122) r​d​r∧dvolN=(yα​ηα)∧dvolN+O~​(r4)=O~​(r4).rdr\wedge\dvol_{N}=(y_{\alpha}\eta_{\alpha})\wedge\dvol_{N}+\widetilde{O}(r^{4})=\widetilde{O}(r^{4}).

So it follows that

(3.123) d​ϕ1=12​r​d​((1−Hα​yα+O~​(r2))​dvolN)+O′​(r).d\phi_{1}=\frac{1}{2r}d\Big((1-H^{\alpha}y_{\alpha}+\widetilde{O}(r^{2}))\dvol_{N}\Big)+O^{\prime}(r).

It is easy to see that

(3.124) d⁡(O~​(r2)​dvolN)=O~​(r2).d(\widetilde{O}(r^{2})\dvol_{N})=\widetilde{O}(r^{2}).

So we obtain

(3.125) d​ϕ1=12​r​d​((1−Hα​yα)​dvolN)+O′​(r).d\phi_{1}=\frac{1}{2r}d\Big((1-H^{\alpha}y_{\alpha})\dvol_{N}\Big)+O^{\prime}(r).

Next we will compute the expansion for d⁡(dvolN)d(\dvol_{N}). By definition,

(3.126) d⁡(dvolN)=d⁡(η1∧η2∧η3)=d​ηα∧ηα^.d(\dvol_{N})=d(\eta_{1}\wedge\eta_{2}\wedge\eta_{3})=d\eta_{\alpha}\wedge\eta_{\widehat{\alpha}}.

By (3.86),

(3.127) d​ηα\displaystyle d\eta_{\alpha} =\displaystyle= d⁡(pi​α)∧d​xi\displaystyle d(p_{i\alpha})\wedge dx_{i}
=\displaystyle= Ai​α​β​d​yβ∧d​xi+Aj​i​α​β​yβ​d​xj∧d​xi+Bi​α​β​γ​yβ​d​yγ∧d​xi+O~​(r2).\displaystyle A_{i\alpha\beta}dy_{\beta}\wedge dx_{i}+A_{ji\alpha\beta}y_{\beta}dx_{j}\wedge dx_{i}+B_{i\alpha\beta\gamma}y_{\beta}dy_{\gamma}\wedge dx_{i}+\widetilde{O}(r^{2}).

So we have

(3.128) d⁡(dvolN)=Ai​α​β​d​yβ∧d​xi∧ηα^+yβ​(Aj​i​α​β​d​xj∧d​xi+Bi​α​β​γ​d​yγ∧d​xi)∧d​yα^+O~​(r2).d(\dvol_{N})=A_{i\alpha\beta}dy_{\beta}\wedge dx_{i}\wedge\eta_{\widehat{\alpha}}+y_{\beta}(A_{ji\alpha\beta}dx_{j}\wedge dx_{i}+B_{i\alpha\beta\gamma}dy_{\gamma}\wedge dx_{i})\wedge dy_{\widehat{\alpha}}+\widetilde{O}(r^{2}).

Now we need to rearrange the above expansion. Since Ai​α​βA_{i\alpha\beta} is skew symmetric in α\alpha and β\beta, we have for α∈{1,2,3}\alpha\in\{1,2,3\},

(3.129) Ai​α​α=0,A_{i\alpha\alpha}=0,

so the leading order in the first term vanishes, hence

(3.130) Ai​α​β​d​yβ∧d​xi∧ηα^\displaystyle A_{i\alpha\beta}dy_{\beta}\wedge dx_{i}\wedge\eta_{\widehat{\alpha}} =\displaystyle= Ai​α​β​Aj​μ​γ​yγ​d​yβ∧d​xi∧d​xj∧d​yα​μ^+O~​(r2)\displaystyle A_{i\alpha\beta}A_{j\mu\gamma}y_{\gamma}dy_{\beta}\wedge dx_{i}\wedge dx_{j}\wedge dy_{\widehat{\alpha\mu}}+\widetilde{O}(r^{2})
=\displaystyle= Ai​α​β​Aj​β​γ​yγ​d​yα^∧d​xi∧d​xj+O~​(r2)\displaystyle A_{i\alpha\beta}A_{j\beta\gamma}y_{\gamma}dy_{\widehat{\alpha}}\wedge dx_{i}\wedge dx_{j}+\widetilde{O}(r^{2})
=\displaystyle= 12​(Ai​α​β​Aj​β​γ−Ai​γ​β​Aj​β​α)​yγ​d​yα^∧d​xi∧d​xj+O~​(r2).\displaystyle\frac{1}{2}(A_{i\alpha\beta}A_{j\beta\gamma}-A_{i\gamma\beta}A_{j\beta\alpha})y_{\gamma}dy_{\widehat{\alpha}}\wedge dx_{i}\wedge dx_{j}+\widetilde{O}(r^{2}).

Therefore,

(3.131) d⁡(dvolN)=Ωi​j​α​β⋅yβ⋅d​yα^∧d​xi∧d​xj+Bi​α​β​α⋅yβ⋅d​y1∧d​y2∧d​y3∧d​xi+O~​(r2).d(\dvol_{N})=\Omega_{ij\alpha\beta}\cdot y_{\beta}\cdot dy_{\widehat{\alpha}}\wedge dx_{i}\wedge dx_{j}+B_{i\alpha\beta\alpha}\cdot y_{\beta}\cdot dy_{1}\wedge dy_{2}\wedge dy_{3}\wedge dx_{i}+\widetilde{O}(r^{2}).

By (3.92) we have

(3.132) d⁡(Hα​yα)∧dvolN=(Hα​Ai​α​β−∂i(Hβ))⋅yβ⋅d​y1∧d​y2∧d​y3∧d​xi+O~​(r2).d(H^{\alpha}y_{\alpha})\wedge\dvol_{N}=(H^{\alpha}A_{i\alpha\beta}-\partial_{i}(H^{\beta}))\cdot y_{\beta}\cdot dy_{1}\wedge dy_{2}\wedge dy_{3}\wedge dx_{i}+\widetilde{O}(r^{2}).

Now substituting (3.131) and (3.132) into (3.125),

d​ϕ1\displaystyle d\phi_{1} =12​r​Ωi​j​α​β⋅yβ⋅d​yα^∧d​xi∧d​xj\displaystyle=\frac{1}{2r}\Omega_{ij\alpha\beta}\cdot y_{\beta}\cdot dy_{\widehat{\alpha}}\wedge dx_{i}\wedge dx_{j}
(3.133) +12​r​(Bi​α​β​α−(Hα​Ai​α​β−∂i(Hβ))⋅yβ⋅d​y1∧d​y2∧d​y3∧d​xi+O′​(r)CLOSE.\displaystyle+\frac{1}{2r}\Big(B_{i\alpha\beta\alpha}-(H^{\alpha}A_{i\alpha\beta}-\partial_{i}(H^{\beta})\Big)\cdot y_{\beta}\cdot dy_{1}\wedge dy_{2}\wedge dy_{3}\wedge dx_{i}+O^{\prime}(r).

Now we need to take d∗d^{*} of this. Notice that the leading order of d∗​d​ϕ1d^{*}d\phi_{1} can be computed by using the operators in the Euclidean case, so we obtain

(3.134) d∗​d​ϕ1\displaystyle d^{*}d\phi_{1} =\displaystyle= Ωi​j​α​β​(12​r​d​yβ​α^−12​r3​yμ​yβ​d​yμ​α^)​d​xi∧d​xj+r−3​Π3(2)+O′​(1).\displaystyle\Omega_{ij\alpha\beta}(\frac{1}{2r}dy_{\widehat{\beta\alpha}}-\frac{1}{2r^{3}}y_{\mu}y_{\beta}dy_{\widehat{\mu\alpha}})dx_{i}\wedge dx_{j}+r^{-3}\Pi_{3}^{(2)}+O^{\prime}(1).

In our next step, we will compute d​d∗​ϕ1dd^{*}\phi_{1}. First,

(3.135) ∗ϕ1=12​r​dvolT.*\phi_{1}=\frac{1}{2r}\dvol_{T}.

Notice that d⁡(dvolT)=0d(\dvol_{T})=0, so

(3.136) d∗ϕ1=−12​r3⋅rdr∧dvolT.d*\phi_{1}=-\frac{1}{2r^{3}}\cdot rdr\wedge\dvol_{T}.

By (3.121), r​d​r=yα​ηα+O~​(r4)rdr=y_{\alpha}\eta_{\alpha}+{\widetilde{O}}(r^{4}), then

(3.137) d∗ϕ1=−yα2​r3​ηα∧dvolT+O′​(r).d*\phi_{1}=-\frac{y_{\alpha}}{2r^{3}}{}\eta_{\alpha}\wedge\dvol_{T}+O^{\prime}(r).

Applying Item (2) of Lemma 3.13,

(3.138) ∗d∗ϕ1=−yα2​r3​(1−Hβ​yβ+O~​(r2))​ηα^+O′​(r).*d*\phi_{1}=-\frac{y_{\alpha}}{2r^{3}}{}(1-H^{\beta}y_{\beta}+\widetilde{O}(r^{2}))\eta_{\widehat{\alpha}}+O^{\prime}(r).

So it follows that

(3.139) d∗​ϕ1\displaystyle d^{*}\phi_{1} =\displaystyle= −∗d∗ϕ1=yα2​r3(1−Hβyβ)ηα^+O~​(r2)r3yαdyα^+O′(r).\displaystyle-*d*\phi_{1}=\frac{y_{\alpha}}{2r^{3}}{}(1-H^{\beta}y_{\beta})\eta_{\widehat{\alpha}}{}+\frac{\widetilde{O}(r^{2})}{r^{3}}y_{\alpha}dy_{\widehat{\alpha}}+O^{\prime}(r).

Taking dd and applying Lemma 3.2,

d​d∗​ϕ1=\displaystyle dd^{*}\phi_{1}= (1−Hβ​yβ)​(−3​yα2​r5​r​d​r∧ηα^+12​r3​d​(yα​ηα^))−Hβ​yα2​r3​ηα^∧d​yβ+r−5​Π3(4)+O′​(1)\displaystyle(1-H^{\beta}y_{\beta})\Big(-\frac{3y_{\alpha}}{2r^{5}}{}rdr\wedge\eta_{\widehat{\alpha}}+\frac{1}{2r^{3}}d(y_{\alpha}\eta_{\widehat{\alpha}})\Big){}-\frac{H^{\beta}y_{\alpha}}{2r^{3}}\eta_{\widehat{\alpha}}\wedge dy_{\beta}+r^{-5}\Pi_{3}^{(4)}+O^{\prime}(1)
=\displaystyle= (1−Hβ​yβ)​(−3​yα2​r5​r​d​r∧ηα^+12​r3​d​(yα​ηα^))−Hα​yα2​r3​d​y1∧d​y2∧d​y3\displaystyle(1-H^{\beta}y_{\beta})\Big(-\frac{3y_{\alpha}}{2r^{5}}{}rdr\wedge\eta_{\widehat{\alpha}}+\frac{1}{2r^{3}}d(y_{\alpha}\eta_{\widehat{\alpha}})\Big)-\frac{H^{\alpha}y_{\alpha}}{2r^{3}}dy_{1}\wedge dy_{2}\wedge dy_{3}
(3.140) +\displaystyle+ r−5​Π3(4)+O′​(1).\displaystyle r^{-5}\Pi_{3}^{(4)}+O^{\prime}(1).

Now we simplify this expression. By (3.121),

(3.141) −3​yα2​r5​r​d​r∧ηα^=−3​yα​yβ2​r5​ηβ∧ηα^+O′​(1)=−32​r3​dvolN+O′​(1).-\frac{3y_{\alpha}}{2r^{5}}{}rdr\wedge\eta_{\widehat{\alpha}}=-\frac{3y_{\alpha}y_{\beta}}{2r^{5}}{}\eta_{\beta}\wedge\eta_{\widehat{\alpha}}+O^{\prime}(1)=-\frac{3}{2r^{3}}{}\dvol_{N}+{O}^{\prime}(1).

Also

(3.142) 12​r3​d​(yα​ηα^)\displaystyle\frac{1}{2r^{3}}d(y_{\alpha}\eta_{\widehat{\alpha}}) =\displaystyle= 12​r3​d​yα∧ηα^+12​r3​yα​d​ηα^\displaystyle\frac{1}{2r^{3}}dy_{\alpha}\wedge\eta_{\widehat{\alpha}}+\frac{1}{2r^{3}}y_{\alpha}d\eta_{\widehat{\alpha}}
=\displaystyle= 12​r3​(ηα−pi​α​d​xi)∧ηα^+12​r3​yα​(d​ηα+1∧ηα+2−ηα+1∧d​ηα+2)\displaystyle\frac{1}{2r^{3}}(\eta_{{\alpha}}-p_{i\alpha}dx_{i})\wedge\eta_{\widehat{\alpha}}+\frac{1}{2r^{3}}y_{\alpha}(d{\eta_{\alpha+1}}\wedge{\eta_{\alpha+2}}-{\eta_{\alpha+1}}\wedge d{\eta_{\alpha+2}})
=\displaystyle= 32​r3​dvolN−12​r3​(Ai​α​β​yβ+12​Bi​α​β​γ​yβ​yγ)​d​xi∧ηα^\displaystyle\frac{3}{2r^{3}}\dvol_{N}-\frac{1}{2r^{3}}(A_{i\alpha\beta}y_{\beta}+\frac{1}{2}B_{i\alpha\beta\gamma}y_{\beta}y_{\gamma})dx_{i}\wedge\eta_{\widehat{\alpha}}
+\displaystyle+ 12​r3​yα​(d​ηα+1∧ηα+2−ηα+1∧d​ηα+2)+O′​(1).\displaystyle\frac{1}{2r^{3}}y_{\alpha}(d{\eta_{\alpha+1}}\wedge{\eta_{\alpha+2}}-{\eta_{\alpha+1}}\wedge d{\eta_{\alpha+2}})+{O^{\prime}}(1).

So it follows that

d​d∗​ϕ1=\displaystyle dd^{*}\phi_{1}= −12​r3​(Ai​α​β⋅yβ⋅d​xi∧ηα^−yα​(d​ηα+1∧ηα+2−ηα+1∧d​ηα+2))\displaystyle-\frac{1}{2r^{3}}\Big(A_{i\alpha\beta}\cdot y_{\beta}\cdot dx_{i}\wedge\eta_{\widehat{\alpha}}-y_{\alpha}(d{\eta_{\alpha+1}}\wedge{\eta_{\alpha+2}}-{\eta_{\alpha+1}}\wedge d{\eta_{\alpha+2}})\Big)
(3.143) −\displaystyle- Hα​yα2​r3​d​y1∧d​y2∧d​y3+r−5​Π3(4)+O′​(1).\displaystyle\frac{H^{\alpha}y_{\alpha}}{2r^{3}}dy_{1}\wedge dy_{2}\wedge dy_{3}+r^{-5}\Pi_{3}^{(4)}+O^{\prime}(1).

Next, we will show a crucial cancellation for the first term of the above d​d∗​ϕ1dd^{*}\phi_{1}, which gives a further order improvement.

Lemma 3.16 (Cancellation Lemma).
Ai​α​β⋅yβ⋅d​xi∧ηα^−yα​(d​ηα+1∧ηα+2−ηα+1∧d​ηα+2)\displaystyle A_{i\alpha\beta}\cdot y_{\beta}\cdot dx_{i}\wedge\eta_{\widehat{\alpha}}-y_{\alpha}(d{\eta_{\alpha+1}}\wedge{\eta_{\alpha+2}}-{\eta_{\alpha+1}}\wedge d{\eta_{\alpha+2}})
(3.144) =\displaystyle= −Ai​j​α​β​yβ​yμ​d​yμ​α^∧d​xi∧d​xj+Π3(2)+O~​(r3).\displaystyle-A_{ij\alpha\beta}y_{\beta}y_{\mu}dy_{\widehat{\mu\alpha}}\wedge dx_{i}\wedge dx_{j}+\Pi_{3}^{(2)}+{\widetilde{O}}(r^{3}).
Proof.

Directly applying the definition of ηα\eta_{\alpha}, then we have

Ai​α​β⋅yβ⋅d​xi∧ηα^\displaystyle A_{i\alpha\beta}\cdot y_{\beta}\cdot dx_{i}\wedge\eta_{\widehat{\alpha}}
(3.145) =\displaystyle= Ai​α​β​yβ​d​xi∧d​yα^+Ai​α​β​yβ​yγ​(Aj,α+1,γ​d​yα+2−Aj,α+2,γ​d​yα+1)∧d​xi∧d​xj+O~​(r3).\displaystyle A_{i\alpha\beta}y_{\beta}dx_{i}\wedge dy_{\widehat{\alpha}}+A_{i\alpha\beta}y_{\beta}y_{\gamma}(A_{j,\alpha+1,\gamma}dy_{\alpha+2}-A_{j,\alpha+2,\gamma}dy_{\alpha+1})\wedge dx_{i}\wedge dx_{j}+\widetilde{O}(r^{3}).

By (3.127), we get

yα​(d​ηα+1∧ηα+2−ηα+1∧d​ηα+2)\displaystyle y_{\alpha}(d{\eta_{\alpha+1}}\wedge{\eta_{\alpha+2}}-{\eta_{\alpha+1}}\wedge d{\eta_{\alpha+2}})
=\displaystyle= yα​(Ai,α+1,β​d​yβ∧d​xi∧d​yα+2−Ai,α+2,β​d​yβ∧d​xi∧d​yα+1)\displaystyle y_{\alpha}(A_{i,\alpha+1,\beta}dy_{\beta}\wedge dx_{i}\wedge dy_{\alpha+2}-A_{i,\alpha+2,\beta}dy_{\beta}\wedge dx_{i}\wedge dy_{\alpha+1})
+\displaystyle+ yα​yγ​(Ai,α+1,β​Aj,α+2,γ−Ai,α+2,β​Aj,α+1,γ)​d​yβ∧d​xi∧d​xj\displaystyle y_{\alpha}y_{\gamma}(A_{i,\alpha+1,\beta}A_{j,\alpha+2,\gamma}-A_{i,\alpha+2,\beta}A_{j,\alpha+1,\gamma})dy_{\beta}\wedge dx_{i}\wedge dx_{j}
+\displaystyle+ yα​yβ​(Ai​j,α+1,β​d​yα+2−Ai​j,α+2,β​d​yα+1)∧d​xi∧d​xj\displaystyle y_{\alpha}y_{\beta}(A_{ij,\alpha+1,\beta}dy_{\alpha+2}-A_{ij,\alpha+2,\beta}dy_{\alpha+1})\wedge dx_{i}\wedge dx_{j}
(3.146) +\displaystyle+ Π3(2)+O~​(r3).\displaystyle\Pi_{3}^{(2)}+\widetilde{O}(r^{3}).

Rearranging the subscripts of the first groups of terms in (3.146),

(3.147) yα​(Ai,α+1,β​d​yβ∧d​xi∧d​yα+2−Ai,α+2,β​d​yβ∧d​xi∧d​yα+1)\displaystyle y_{\alpha}(A_{i,\alpha+1,\beta}dy_{\beta}\wedge dx_{i}\wedge dy_{\alpha+2}-A_{i,\alpha+2,\beta}dy_{\beta}\wedge dx_{i}\wedge dy_{\alpha+1})
(3.148) =\displaystyle= yα​(Ai,α+1,α​d​yα∧d​xi∧d​yα+2−Ai,α+2,α​d​yα∧d​xi∧d​yα+1)\displaystyle y_{\alpha}(A_{i,\alpha+1,\alpha}dy_{\alpha}\wedge dx_{i}\wedge dy_{\alpha+2}-A_{i,\alpha+2,\alpha}dy_{\alpha}\wedge dx_{i}\wedge dy_{\alpha+1})
(3.149) =\displaystyle= yα+2​Ai,α,α+2​d​yα+2∧d​xi∧d​yα+1−yα+1​Ai,α,α+1​d​yα+1∧d​xi∧d​yα+2\displaystyle y_{\alpha+2}A_{i,\alpha,\alpha+2}dy_{\alpha+2}\wedge dx_{i}\wedge dy_{\alpha+1}-y_{\alpha+1}A_{i,\alpha,\alpha+1}dy_{\alpha+1}\wedge dx_{i}\wedge dy_{\alpha+2}
(3.150) =\displaystyle= Ai​α​β​yβ​d​xi∧d​yα^,\displaystyle A_{i\alpha\beta}y_{\beta}dx_{i}\wedge dy_{\widehat{\alpha}},

which matches the first term of (3.145). As in the proof of Lemma 3.14, one can see that the second groups of terms in (3.145) and (3.146) are both equal to

(3.151) (Ai​α,α+1​Aj​α,α+2−Ai​α,α+2​Aj​α,α+1)​yα⋅r​d​r∧d​xi∧d​xj.(A_{i\alpha,\alpha+1}A_{j\alpha,\alpha+2}-A_{i\alpha,\alpha+2}A_{j\alpha,\alpha+1})y_{\alpha}\cdot rdr\wedge dx_{i}\wedge dx_{j}.

Next, the third group of terms in (3.146) can be rewritten as follows,

(3.152) yα​yβ​(Ai​j,α+1,β​d​yα+2−Ai​j,α+2,β​d​yα+1)∧d​xi∧d​xj\displaystyle y_{\alpha}y_{\beta}(A_{ij,\alpha+1,\beta}dy_{\alpha+2}-A_{ij,\alpha+2,\beta}dy_{\alpha+1})\wedge dx_{i}\wedge dx_{j}
=\displaystyle= Ai​j​α​β​yβ​(yα+2​d​yα+1−yα+1​d​yα+2)∧d​xi∧d​xj\displaystyle A_{ij\alpha\beta}y_{\beta}(y_{\alpha+2}dy_{\alpha+1}-y_{\alpha+1}dy_{\alpha+2})\wedge dx_{i}\wedge dx_{j}
=\displaystyle= Ai​j​α​β​yβ​yμ​d​yμ​α^∧d​xi∧d​xj.\displaystyle A_{ij\alpha\beta}y_{\beta}y_{\mu}dy_{\widehat{\mu\alpha}}\wedge dx_{i}\wedge dx_{j}.

The conclusion just follows.

∎

Now we return to the expansion of d​d∗​ϕ1dd^{*}\phi_{1} given by (3.143). Applying Lemma 3.16, finally we obtain

d​d∗​ϕ1\displaystyle dd^{*}\phi_{1} =−Hα​yα2​r3​d​y1∧d​y2∧d​y3+12​r3​Ai​j​α​β​yβ​yμ​d​yμ​α^∧d​xi∧d​xj\displaystyle=-\frac{H^{\alpha}y_{\alpha}}{2r^{3}}dy_{1}\wedge dy_{2}\wedge dy_{3}+\frac{1}{2r^{3}}A_{ij\alpha\beta}y_{\beta}y_{\mu}dy_{\widehat{\mu\alpha}}\wedge dx_{i}\wedge dx_{j}
(3.153) +r−5​Π3(4)+O′​(1).\displaystyle+r^{-5}\Pi_{3}^{(4)}+O^{\prime}(1).

In the last step of the proof, we will further simplify d∗​d​ϕ1d^{*}d\phi_{1} and d​d∗​ϕ1dd^{*}\phi_{1}. For this purpose, we need the following lemma.

Lemma 3.17.
(3.154) Ωi​j​α​β​(12​r​d​yβ​α^−12​r3​yμ​yβ​d​yμ​α^)\displaystyle\Omega_{ij\alpha\beta}(\frac{1}{2r}dy_{\widehat{\beta\alpha}}-\frac{1}{2r^{3}}y_{\mu}y_{\beta}dy_{\widehat{\mu\alpha}}) =−Ωi​j​α​β​(14​r​d​yα​β^+14​r2​yα​β^​d​r),\displaystyle=-\Omega_{ij\alpha\beta}(\frac{1}{4r}dy_{\widehat{\alpha\beta}}+\frac{1}{4r^{2}}y_{\widehat{\alpha\beta}}dr),
(3.155) 12​r3​Ai​j​α​β​yβ​yμ​d​yμ​α^\displaystyle\frac{1}{2r^{3}}A_{ij\alpha\beta}y_{\beta}y_{\mu}dy_{\widehat{\mu\alpha}} =Ai​j​α​β​(14​r2​yα​β^​d​r−14​r​d​yα​β^).\displaystyle=A_{ij\alpha\beta}(\frac{1}{4r^{2}}y_{\widehat{\alpha\beta}}dr-\frac{1}{4r}dy_{\widehat{\alpha\beta}}).
Proof.

We only prove (3.154) because the other equality follows from the same computations. Using the fact that Ωi​j​α​β=−Ωi​j​β​α\Omega_{ij\alpha\beta}=-\Omega_{ij\beta\alpha}, we can write out the left hand side as

Ωi​j​α​β​(12​r​d​yβ​α^−12​r3​yμ​yβ​d​yμ​α^)\displaystyle\Omega_{ij\alpha\beta}(\frac{1}{2r}dy_{\widehat{\beta\alpha}}-\frac{1}{2r^{3}}y_{\mu}y_{\beta}dy_{\widehat{\mu\alpha}})
=\displaystyle= Ωi​j​α,α+1​(−1r​d​yα+2−12​r3​(yα+2​yα+1​d​yyα+1−yα+12​d​yα+2)+12​r3​(yα2​d​yα+2−yα​yα+2​d​yα))\displaystyle\Omega_{ij\alpha,\alpha+1}\Big(-\frac{1}{r}dy_{\alpha+2}-\frac{1}{2r^{3}}(y_{\alpha+2}y_{\alpha+1}dy_{y_{\alpha+1}}-y_{\alpha+1}^{2}dy_{\alpha+2})+\frac{1}{2r^{3}}(y_{\alpha}^{2}dy_{\alpha+2}-y_{\alpha}y_{\alpha+2}dy_{\alpha})\Big)
=\displaystyle= Ωi​j​α,α+1​(−12​r​d​yα+2−12​r2​yα+2​d​r)\displaystyle\Omega_{ij\alpha,\alpha+1}\Big(-\frac{1}{2r}dy_{\alpha+2}-\frac{1}{2r^{2}}y_{\alpha+2}dr\Big)
(3.156) =\displaystyle= −12​Ωi​j​α,β​(12​r​d​yα​β^+12​r2​yα​β^​d​r).\displaystyle-\frac{1}{2}\Omega_{ij\alpha,\beta}\Big(\frac{1}{2r}dy_{\widehat{\alpha\beta}}+\frac{1}{2r^{2}}y_{\widehat{\alpha\beta}}dr\Big).

∎

Applying the above lemma, now (3.134) and (3.153) can be simplified as follows,

(3.157) d∗​d​ϕ1\displaystyle d^{*}d\phi_{1} =−Ωi​j​α​β​(14​r​d​yα​β^+14​r2​yα​β^​d​r)∧d​xi∧d​xj+r−3​Π3−2+O′​(1),\displaystyle=-\Omega_{ij\alpha\beta}(\frac{1}{4r}dy_{\widehat{\alpha\beta}}+\frac{1}{4r^{2}}y_{\widehat{\alpha\beta}}dr)\wedge dx_{i}\wedge dx_{j}+r^{-3}\Pi_{3}^{-2}+O^{\prime}(1),
d​d∗​ϕ1\displaystyle dd^{*}\phi_{1} =−Hα​yα2​r3​d​y1∧d​y2∧d​y3+Ai​j​α​β​(14​r2​yα​β^​d​r−14​r​d​yα​β^)∧d​xi∧d​xj\displaystyle=-\frac{H^{\alpha}y_{\alpha}}{2r^{3}}dy_{1}\wedge dy_{2}\wedge dy_{3}+A_{ij\alpha\beta}(\frac{1}{4r^{2}}y_{\widehat{\alpha\beta}}dr-\frac{1}{4r}dy_{\widehat{\alpha\beta}})\wedge dx_{i}\wedge dx_{j}
(3.158) +r−5​Π3(4)+O′​(1).\displaystyle+r^{-5}\Pi_{3}^{(4)}+O^{\prime}(1).

Therefore,

Δ​ϕ1=\displaystyle\Delta\phi_{1}= (d∗​d+d​d∗)​ϕ1\displaystyle(d^{*}d+dd^{*})\phi_{1}
=\displaystyle= −Hα​yα2​r3​d​y1∧d​y2∧d​y3−Ωi​j​α​β​(14​r​d​yα​β^+14​r2​yα​β^​d​r)∧d​xi∧d​xj\displaystyle-\frac{H^{\alpha}y_{\alpha}}{2r^{3}}dy_{1}\wedge dy_{2}\wedge dy_{3}-\Omega_{ij\alpha\beta}(\frac{1}{4r}dy_{\widehat{\alpha\beta}}+\frac{1}{4r^{2}}y_{\widehat{\alpha\beta}}dr)\wedge dx_{i}\wedge dx_{j}
(3.159) +Ai​j​α​β​(14​r2​yα​β^​d​r−14​r​d​yα​β^)∧d​xi∧d​xj+r−5​Π3(4)+O′​(1).\displaystyle+A_{ij\alpha\beta}(\frac{1}{4r^{2}}y_{\widehat{\alpha\beta}}dr-\frac{1}{4r}dy_{\widehat{\alpha\beta}})\wedge dx_{i}\wedge dx_{j}+r^{-5}\Pi_{3}^{(4)}+O^{\prime}(1).

The proof is done.

∎

Original mathematics by the credited authors. Source-backed reader collection; mathematical self-containment is not assessed.