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Non-proper stitched fibrations [04KV]

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Non-proper stitched fibrations

This section is rather technical and the methods introduced will only be used in the proof of Lemma 7.6, therefore the reader may skip it on first reading. Here we study some special cases of piecewise smooth fibrations with non compact fibres. The results extend the ones concerning proper maps. For this reason and for sake of brevity we shall only give full proofs when the arguments do not follow directly from the previous case.

Let XX be a smooth symplectic 66-manifold together with a smooth Hamiltonian S1S^{1} action with moment map μ:X→ℝ\mu:X\rightarrow\mathbb{R}. Assume μ\mu has exactly one critical value 0∈ℝ0\in\mathbb{R} and a codimension four submanifold Σ=Crit⁡μ\Sigma=\Crit\mu. Let MM be a smooth 22-dimensional manifold and let B⊆ℝ×MB\subseteq\mathbb{R}\times M be a contractible open neighborhood of a point (0,m)∈ℝ×M(0,m)\in\mathbb{R}\times M. Let Γ=B∩({0}×M)\Gamma=B\cap(\{0\}\times M). As usual we define Z=μ−1​(0)Z=\mu^{-1}(0) and Z¯\bar{Z} the S1S^{1} quotient of ZZ and X+={μ≥0}X^{+}=\{\mu\geq 0\}, X−={μ≤0}X^{-}=\{\mu\leq 0\}.

We consider fibrations satisfying the following:

Assumption 6.22.

The map f:X→Bf:X\rightarrow B is a topological T3T^{3} fibration with discriminant locus Δ⊂Γ\Delta\subset\Gamma such that f⁡(Σ)=Δf(\Sigma)=\Delta satisfying

  • (a)

    (X,ω,f,B)(X,\omega,f,B) is topologically conjugate to a generic singular fibration.

  • (b)

    There is a continuous S1S^{1} invariant map G:X→MG:X\rightarrow M such that

    • (i)

      if G±=G|X±G^{\pm}=G|_{X^{\pm}} then G+G^{+} and G−G^{-} are restrictions of C∞C^{\infty} maps on XX;

    • (ii)

      ff can be written as f=(μ,G)f=(\mu,G) and ff restricted to X±X^{\pm} is a proper map with connected Lagrangian fibres.

  • (c)

    There is a connected, S1S^{1} invariant, open neighborhood 𝔘⊆X\mathfrak{U}\subseteq X of Σ\Sigma such that f⁡(𝔘)=Bf(\mathfrak{U})=B and such that f𝔘=f|𝔘f_{\mathfrak{U}}=f|_{\mathfrak{U}} is a C∞C^{\infty} map with non degenerate singular points.

We can think of BB as D2×ID^{2}\times I with Δ={0}×I\Delta=\{0\}\times I. Clearly, the restriction of ff to X−f−1​(Δ)X-f^{-1}(\Delta) is a stitched fibration in the sense of the previous sections. Example 5.7, as well as the legs of Example 5.8 satisfy conditions (a) and (b). Furthermore, one can deform such examples near Σ\Sigma to produce fibrations which, in addition, satisfy condition (c) (cf. Lemma 7.4).

Let 𝔘′⊂𝔘\mathfrak{U}^{\prime}\subset\mathfrak{U} be a smaller open set satisfying condition (c) (maybe after shrinking BB). If we remove 𝔘′\mathfrak{U}^{\prime} we obtain a topologically trivial compact cylinder fibration

f|X−𝔘′:X−𝔘′→Bf|_{X-\mathfrak{U}^{\prime}}:X-\mathfrak{U}^{\prime}\rightarrow B (61)

which fails to be smooth along a subset of Z−(𝔘′∩Z)Z-(\mathfrak{U}^{\prime}\cap Z). Notice though that the fibration is actually smooth toward the ends of each cylindrical fibre.

Let X∘=X−𝔘′¯X^{\circ}=X-\overline{\mathfrak{U}^{\prime}} with symplectic structure ω∘=ω|X∘\omega^{\circ}=\omega|_{X^{\circ}}. The restriction f∘=f|X∘f^{\circ}=f|_{X^{\circ}} defines a piecewise smooth open cylinder fibration

f∘:X∘→B.f^{\circ}:X^{\circ}\rightarrow B. (62)

We denote F∘​(b)F^{\circ}(b) the cylindrical fibre of f∘f^{\circ} over b∈Bb\in B. On the other hand, the smooth part f𝔘f_{\mathfrak{U}} of ff defines an integrable Hamiltonian system with non-degenerate singularities which can be normalized as in Theorem 4.6. This normalization defines smooth coordinates (b1,b2,b3)(b_{1},b_{2},b_{3}) on the base.

Denote by X#=X−ΣX^{\#}=X-\Sigma and by f#:X#→Bf^{\#}:X^{\#}\rightarrow B the restriction of ff to X#X^{\#}. Let (f#)±(f^{\#})^{\pm} be the restriction of f±f^{\pm} to (X#)±=X#∩X±(X^{\#})^{\pm}=X^{\#}\cap X^{\pm} and let Z#=Z−ΣZ^{\#}=Z-\Sigma and Z¯#\bar{Z}^{\#} the corresponding reduced space with reduced symplectic structure ωr​e​d\omega_{red} on Z¯#\bar{Z}^{\#}.

Proposition 6.23.

Let f:X→Bf:X\rightarrow B be a fibration satisfying Assumption 6.22 and let Fb¯=f−1​(b¯)F_{\bar{b}}=f^{-1}(\bar{b}) be a smooth fibre. There is a basis γ=(γ1,γ2,γ3)\gamma=(\gamma_{1},\gamma_{2},\gamma_{3}) of H1​(Fb¯,ℤ)H_{1}(F_{\bar{b}},\mathbb{Z}) and coordinates (b1,b2,b3)(b_{1},b_{2},b_{3}) on BB with respect to which the periods of f±:X±→B±f^{\pm}:X^{\pm}\rightarrow B^{\pm} can be written

λ1±=2​π​d​b1,λ2±=d​H±+λ0,λ3±=d​b3,\begin{array}[]{l}\lambda_{1}^{\pm}=2\pi db_{1},\\ \lambda_{2}^{\pm}=dH^{\pm}+\lambda_{0},\\ \lambda_{3}^{\pm}=db_{3},\end{array}

where λ0=arg⁡(b1+i​b2)​d​b1+log⁡|b1+i​b2|​d​b2\lambda_{0}=\arg(b_{1}+ib_{2})db_{1}+\log|b_{1}+ib_{2}|db_{2} and H±∈C∞​(B±)H^{\pm}\in C^{\infty}(B^{\pm}). Moreover, there is a fibre preserving symplectomorphism

Θ±:T∗​B±/ΛH±→(X#)±\Theta^{\pm}:T^{\ast}B^{\pm}/\penalty\Lambda_{H^{\pm}}\rightarrow(X^{\#})^{\pm} (63)

where ΛH±\Lambda_{H^{\pm}} is the integral lattice generated by λ1±,λ2±,λ3±\lambda_{1}^{\pm},\lambda_{2}^{\pm},\lambda_{3}^{\pm}.

Proof.

We take as coordinates (b1,b2,b3)(b_{1},b_{2},b_{3}) on BB the ones given by the normalization of the singularity in Theorem 4.6. Then the proof goes essentially as in Proposition 4.8. As in the smooth case, one can define γ\gamma as being represented by an 33-tuple of sections b↦(γ1​(b),γ2​(b),γ3​(b))b\mapsto(\gamma_{1}(b),\gamma_{2}(b),\gamma_{3}(b)), each one given by certain composition of Hamiltonian flows. In this case, however, b↦γ2​(b)b\mapsto\gamma_{2}(b) does not vary smoothly but piecewise smoothly, failing to be smooth along Γ\Gamma. The contribution of the path γ2∩𝔘\gamma_{2}\cap\mathfrak{U} to the periods λ2±\lambda_{2}^{\pm} is λ0\lambda_{0}. On the other hand, the contribution of γ2∩X−𝔘\gamma_{2}\cap X-\mathfrak{U} is d​H±dH^{\pm}. In contrast, the other two periods can be computed along paths entirely contained in 𝔘\mathfrak{U} which implies that they are smoothly defined on BB. ∎

We will from now on denote λ1±\lambda_{1}^{\pm} and λ3±\lambda_{3}^{\pm} simply by λ1\lambda_{1} and λ3\lambda_{3} respectively.

Remark 6.24.

Notice that in the above we can assume H+|Γ=H−|ΓH^{+}|_{\Gamma}=H^{-}|_{\Gamma}, therefore we can define Λ¯H=ΛH+modd​b1=ΛH−modd​b1\bar{\Lambda}_{H}=\Lambda_{H^{+}}\mod db_{1}=\Lambda_{H^{-}}\mod db_{1}. Via the identification in the above Proposition, the space Z¯#\bar{Z}^{\#} corresponds to T∗​Γ/Λ¯HT^{\ast}\Gamma/\penalty\bar{\Lambda}_{H} and f¯#:Z¯#→Γ\bar{f}^{\#}:\bar{Z}^{\#}\rightarrow\Gamma becomes the projection π¯#\bar{\pi}^{\#}.

We now introduce a standard model for fibrations satisfying Assumption 6.22.

Example 6.25 (Normal form of cylindrical type).

Let (U,Γ)(U,\Gamma) be a pair of subsets of ℝ2×ℝ\mathbb{R}^{2}\times\mathbb{R} diffeomorphic to (D2×D1,D1×D1)(D^{2}\times D^{1},D^{1}\times D^{1}) with Γ=U∩{b1=0}\Gamma=U\cap\{b_{1}=0\}. Let Δ={b1=b2=0}\Delta=\{b_{1}=b_{2}=0\}. Given H∈C∞​(U)H\in C^{\infty}(U) denote by HΔH_{\Delta} the germ of HH along Δ\Delta. Consider the integral lattice ΛH\Lambda_{H} in T∗​UT^{\ast}U generated by:

λ1=2​π​d​b1,λ2=d​H+arg⁡(b1+i​b2)​d​b1+log⁡|b1+i​b2|​d​b2,λ3=d​b3.\begin{array}[]{l}\lambda_{1}=2\pi db_{1},\\ \lambda_{2}=dH+\arg(b_{1}+ib_{2})db_{1}+\log|b_{1}+ib_{2}|db_{2},\\ \lambda_{3}=db_{3}.\end{array} (64)

Let (y1,y2,y3)(y_{1},y_{2},y_{3}) denote the locally defined vertical coordinates on T∗​UT^{*}U, which it is convenient to think of as ΛH\Lambda_{H}-periodic coordinates. For fixed positive L∈ℝL\in\mathbb{R} consider the following subset of T∗​UT^{*}U:

CL={|y2|<L}C_{L}=\{|y_{2}|<L\} (65)

and denote CL​(b)=Tb∗​U∩CLC_{L}(b)=T^{*}_{b}U\cap C_{L}. If UU is a sufficiently small neighborhood of Δ\Delta, we can assume that for every b∈Ub\in U, 2​L<|log⁡|b|+∂b2H|2L<|\log|b|+\partial_{b_{2}}H|. Therefore the projection Tb∗​U→Tb∗​U/ΛHT^{*}_{b}U\rightarrow T^{*}_{b}U/\Lambda_{H} maps CL​(b)C_{L}(b) to a cylinder which closes up in the y1y_{1} and y3y_{3} direction but not in the y2y_{2} direction. So let us think of CL​(b)C_{L}(b) as this cylinder and define JL∘=⨆b∈UCL​(b)J^{\circ}_{L}=\bigsqcup_{b\in U}C_{L}(b), which is an open subset of Tb∗​U/ΛHT^{*}_{b}U/\Lambda_{H}. The projection π\pi restricts to an open cylinder fibration:

π∘:JL∘→U.\pi^{\circ}:J^{\circ}_{L}\rightarrow U.

Clearly there is an S1S^{1} action on JL∘J^{\circ}_{L} induced by λ1\lambda_{1}, whose moment map is b1b_{1}. Let ZL∘=(π∘)−1​(Γ)Z^{\circ}_{L}=(\pi^{\circ})^{-1}(\Gamma) and let Z¯L∘\bar{Z}^{\circ}_{L} be the corresponding S1S^{1} reduced space. Let π¯∘:Z¯L∘→Γ\bar{\pi}^{\circ}:\bar{Z}_{L}^{\circ}\rightarrow\Gamma be the reduced fibration. We denote the fibre of π¯∘\bar{\pi}^{\circ} by C¯L​(b)\bar{C}_{L}(b).

For L′<LL^{\prime}<L, construct JL′∘J^{\circ}_{L^{\prime}}, which is a cylinder fibration with shorter cylinders, and define its closure KL′=JL′∘¯K_{L^{\prime}}=\overline{J^{\circ}_{L^{\prime}}}. Define the open set EL,L′=JL∘−KL′E_{L,L^{\prime}}=J^{\circ}_{L}-K_{L^{\prime}}, which we can think of as the union of the ends of the cylinders. Suppose now that we have an open neighborhood VV of ZL∘Z^{\circ}_{L} and a smooth S1S^{1} invariant Lagrangian submersion u:V→ℝ3u:V\rightarrow\mathbb{R}^{3} with cylindrical fibres satisfying: u|ZL∘=π∘u|_{Z^{\circ}_{L}}=\pi^{\circ}, u|EL,L′=π∘u|_{E_{L,L^{\prime}}}=\pi^{\circ} and u1=b1u_{1}=b_{1}. Then we can define YL+=(π∘)−1​(U+)Y^{+}_{L}=(\pi^{\circ})^{-1}(U^{+}), YL=YL+∪VY_{L}=Y^{+}_{L}\cup V, YL−=YL∩(π∘)−1​(U−)Y^{-}_{L}=Y_{L}\cap(\pi^{\circ})^{-1}(U^{-}) and the piecewise smooth function fu∘:YL→Bu⊆ℝnf^{\circ}_{u}:Y_{L}\rightarrow B_{u}\subseteq\mathbb{R}^{n} to be the map

fu∘={π∘on​YL+,uon​YL−.f^{\circ}_{u}=\begin{cases}\pi^{\circ}\quad\text{on}\ Y^{+}_{L},\\ u\quad\text{on}\ Y^{-}_{L}.\end{cases} (66)

Clearly, if we think of YLY_{L} as playing the role of X∘X^{\circ}, fu∘:YL→Buf^{\circ}_{u}:Y_{L}\rightarrow B_{u} is a Lagrangian fibration of type (62). Notice that the fibres of fu∘f^{\circ}_{u} coincide with the fibres of π∘\pi^{\circ} inside EL,L′E_{L,L^{\prime}}, in particular fu∘f^{\circ}_{u} is smooth restricted to EL,L′E_{L,L^{\prime}}. In some sense, the fibres of fuf_{u} are straight towards their ends (cf. Figure 11).

We now compactify by adding the singularities. Let JH#=T∗​U/ΛHJ_{H}^{\#}=T^{\ast}U/\penalty\Lambda_{H} and let π#:JH#→U\pi^{\#}:J^{\#}_{H}\rightarrow U be the Lagrangian fibration induced by the standard projection on T∗​UT^{\ast}U. Clearly JL∘J^{\circ}_{L} and therefore YLY_{L} are open subsets of JH#J_{H}^{\#}. When b∈Δb\in\Delta, the fibre C⁡(b)=(π#)−1​(b)C(b)=(\pi^{\#})^{-1}(b) is an open cylinder, with ends at +∞+\infty and −∞-\infty in the y2y_{2}-direction, otherwise C⁡(b)C(b) is a torus. From the results in [1], JH#J_{H}^{\#} can be compactified to a symplectic manifold XX by adding the singularity at the ends of the cylinders C⁡(b)C(b) when b∈Δb\in\Delta. The fibration π#\pi^{\#} extends to a smooth fibration fH:X→Uf_{H}:X\rightarrow U of generic-singular type. The open subset JH#−KL′J^{\#}_{H}-K_{L^{\prime}} extends to an open neighborhood EE of the singular set Σ\Sigma. The fibres of fu∘f^{\circ}_{u} coincide with the fibres of fHf_{H} toward their ends and therefore fu∘f^{\circ}_{u} may be extended to make it coincide with fHf_{H} on EE. More precisely, define 𝔘=fH−1​(Bu)∩E\mathfrak{U}=f^{-1}_{H}(B_{u})\cap E and Y=YL∪𝔘Y=Y_{L}\cup\mathfrak{U}. Now we can define

fu,H={fHon​𝔘,fu∘on​YL.f_{u,H}=\begin{cases}f_{H}\quad\text{on}\ \mathfrak{U},\\ f^{\circ}_{u}\quad\text{on}\ Y_{L}.\end{cases} (67)

Clearly fu,H:Y→Buf_{u,H}:Y\rightarrow B_{u} is a well defined Lagrangian fibration satisfying Assumption 6.22. The zero section σ0\sigma_{0} of π∘\pi^{\circ} is, perhaps after a change of coordinates in the base, a section of fuf_{u}. If Fb¯F_{\bar{b}} is a smooth fibre of fu,Hf_{u,H}, with b¯∈U+\bar{b}\in U^{+}, let γ0\gamma_{0} be the basis of H1​(Fb¯,ℤ)H_{1}(F_{\bar{b}},\mathbb{Z}) determined by λ1,λ2,λ3\lambda_{1},\lambda_{2},\lambda_{3}. We call ℱu,H=(Y,fH,u,σ0,γ0)\mathcal{F}_{u,H}=(Y,f_{H,u},\sigma_{0},\gamma_{0}) a normal form of cylindrical type.

The set YL⊂JH#Y_{L}\subset J^{\#}_{H} can be visualized in Figure 11 as the square with open top and bottom. The straight light-colored lines are the fibres of π#\pi^{\#} and the fibres of fu∘:YL→Buf^{\circ}_{u}:Y_{L}\rightarrow B_{u} are depicted as dark lines. The upper and lower rectangular regions represent the components of EL,L′E_{L,L^{\prime}}.

Y L + Y L -
Figure 11: Normal form of cylindrical type.

Given the above construction we denote ZH#=(π#)−1​(Γ)Z^{\#}_{H}=(\pi^{\#})^{-1}(\Gamma) and by Z¯H#\bar{Z}^{\#}_{H} its S1S^{1} quotient. Notice that if we let Λ¯H=ΛHmodd​b1\bar{\Lambda}_{H}=\Lambda_{H}\mod db_{1}, then Z¯H#=T∗​Γ/Λ¯H\bar{Z}^{\#}_{H}=T^{\ast}\Gamma/\bar{\Lambda}_{H}. If π¯#\bar{\pi}^{\#} is the projection, let 𝔏=ker⁡π¯∗#\mathfrak{L}=\ker\bar{\pi}^{\#}_{\ast}. We can assume uu is a well defined map in a neighborhood of ZH#Z^{\#}_{H} which coincides with the projection outside a neighborhood of ZL∘Z^{\circ}_{L}, therefore we can associate to the pair (V,u)(V,u) a sequence ℓ={ℓk}k∈N\ell=\{\ell_{k}\}_{k\in N} of fibrewise closed section of 𝔏∗\mathfrak{L}^{*}, just as we did in the proper case. We can easily see that the sequence ℓ\ell must vanish outside Z¯L∘\bar{Z}^{\circ}_{L}, in particular each ℓk\ell_{k}, when restricted to a fibre, has compact support contained in the cylinder C¯L​(b)\bar{C}_{L}(b). With respect to the proper case, in this situation we have an additional piece of data, i.e. the smooth function HH.

The following is analogous to Definition 6.8:

Definition 6.26.

With the above notation,

  • i)

    Let ℒZ¯H#\mathscr{L}_{\bar{Z}^{\#}_{H}} the set of sequences of fibrewise closed sections of 𝔏∗\mathfrak{L}^{\ast} which vanish outside Z¯L∘\bar{Z}^{\circ}_{L} for some positive LL such that 2​L<|log⁡|b|+∂b2H|2L<|\log|b|+\partial_{b_{2}}H| for every b∈Γb\in\Gamma.

  • ii)

    Let 𝒰Z¯H#\mathscr{U}_{\bar{Z}^{\#}_{H}} be the set of pairs (V,u)(V,u) where, for some positive LL and L′L^{\prime} satisfying 2​L′<2​L<|log⁡|b|+∂b2H|2L^{\prime}<2L<|\log|b|+\partial_{b_{2}}H|, VV is a neighborhood of ZL∘Z^{\circ}_{L} and u:V→ℝnu:V\rightarrow\mathbb{R}^{n} is a smooth, S1S^{1}-invariant Lagrangian submersion, with cylindrical fibres, with components (u1,u2,u3)(u_{1},u_{2},u_{3}) such that u|ZL∘=π∘u|_{Z^{\circ}_{L}}=\pi^{\circ}, u|EL,L′=π∘u|_{E_{L,L^{\prime}}}=\pi^{\circ} and u1=b1u_{1}=b_{1}.

  • iii)

    Let ℋΔ\mathscr{H}_{\Delta} be the set of germs HΔH_{\Delta} of smooth functions HH defined on neighborhoods of Δ\Delta.

We define the invariants of a normal form of cylindrical type ℱu,H\mathcal{F}_{u,H} to be:

inv⁡(ℱu,H)=(ZH#,ℓ,HΔ).\inv(\mathcal{F}_{u,H})=(Z^{\#}_{H},\ell,H_{\Delta}).

A little explanation is necessary to see in which sense these are invariants.

Remark 6.27.

Suppose we are given two normal forms of cylindrical type ℱu,H\mathcal{F}_{u,H} and ℱu′,H′\mathcal{F}_{u^{\prime},H^{\prime}}. From the results in [1] (cf. also Theorem 4.13), a necessary condition for fHf_{H} and fH′f_{H^{\prime}} to be symplectically conjugate is that HΔ=HΔ′H_{\Delta}=H^{\prime}_{\Delta}, so suppose this holds. This gives a symplectomorphism, which we denote by ΦH,H′\Phi_{H,H^{\prime}}, between the total spaces XX and X′X^{\prime} of the two fibrations which conjugates (X,fH,B)(X,f_{H},B) and (X′,fH′,B′)(X^{\prime},f_{H^{\prime}},B^{\prime}). By pulling back (V′,u′)(V^{\prime},u^{\prime}) via this symplectomorphism and computing the Taylor series, we obtain a sequence of fibrewise closed sections of 𝔏∗\mathfrak{L}^{\ast} which we call ΦH,H′⋅ℓ′\Phi_{H,H^{\prime}}\cdot\ell^{\prime}. Using the same arguments as in the proof of Theorem 6.12 (cf.[2], Theorem 6.11), we can then show that ℱu,H\mathcal{F}_{u,H} and ℱu′,H′\mathcal{F}_{u^{\prime},H^{\prime}} are symplectically conjugate if and only if ΦH,H′⋅ℓ′=ℓ\Phi_{H,H^{\prime}}\cdot\ell^{\prime}=\ell. In particular, when H=H′H=H^{\prime}, they are symplectically conjugate if and only if ℓ=ℓ′\ell=\ell^{\prime}.

For the classification of fibrations satisfying Assumption 6.22, it is useful to have the following result.

Proposition 6.28.

Let f:X→Bf:X\rightarrow B be a Lagrangian fibration satisfying Assumption 6.22. Given a smooth fibre Fb¯F_{\bar{b}} of ff there is a basis γ\gamma of H1​(Fb¯,ℤ)H_{1}(F_{\bar{b}},\mathbb{Z}) and a section σ\sigma of ff, such that ℱ=(X,f,B,σ,γ)\mathcal{F}=(X,f,B,\sigma,\gamma) is symplectically conjugate to a normal form of cylindrical type ℱu,H\mathcal{F}_{u,H}.

Proof.

One uses the same arguments as in the proof of Proposition 6.9. Suppose there is an extension of f+:X+→B+f^{+}:X^{+}\rightarrow B^{+} to a smooth Lagrangian fibration f~+\tilde{f}^{+} defined on a neighborhood W⊆XW\subseteq X of ZZ such that f~+|𝔘=f|𝔘\tilde{f}^{+}|_{\mathfrak{U}}=f|_{\mathfrak{U}}. Then one may compute the period lattice of f~+\tilde{f}^{+}; this gives a smooth function HH extending the function H+H^{+} in Proposition 6.23. Assuming that also f−f^{-} has been extended to f~−\tilde{f}^{-} so that f~−|𝔘=f|𝔘\tilde{f}^{-}|_{\mathfrak{U}}=f|_{\mathfrak{U}}, one may verify that the period map Θ+:T∗​U/ΛH→W#\Theta^{+}:T^{\ast}U/\penalty\Lambda_{H}\rightarrow W^{\#} gives the required equivalence between ℱ\mathcal{F} and ℱu,H\mathcal{F}_{u,H} where u=f~−∘Θ+u=\tilde{f}^{-}\circ\Theta^{+}.

To extend f+f^{+}, notice that f𝔘=f|𝔘f_{\mathfrak{U}}=f|_{\mathfrak{U}} is smooth so, tautologically, f𝔘f_{\mathfrak{U}} is an extension of f+f^{+} to 𝔘\mathfrak{U}. It remains to extend f+f^{+} away from 𝔘\mathfrak{U}. Let 𝔘′⊂𝔘\mathfrak{U}^{\prime}\subset\mathfrak{U} and define f∘:X∘→Bf^{\circ}:X^{\circ}\rightarrow B as in (62). Denote Z∘=Z∩X∘Z^{\circ}=Z\cap X^{\circ} and by Z¯∘\bar{Z}^{\circ} its S1S^{1} quotient with f¯∘:Z¯∘→Γ\bar{f}^{\circ}:\bar{Z}^{\circ}\rightarrow\Gamma the reduced fibration. Then f¯∘\bar{f}^{\circ} is a smooth Lagrangian cylinder fibration.

The coisotropic neighborhood theorem allows us to identify a neighborhood of Z∘Z^{\circ} inside X∘X^{\circ} with a neighborhood VV of {0}×S1×Z¯∘\{0\}\times S^{1}\times\bar{Z}^{\circ} inside ℝ×S1×Z¯∘\mathbb{R}\times S^{1}\times\bar{Z}^{\circ} (tt will denote the ℝ\mathbb{R} coordinate). Moreover, since Z¯#\bar{Z}^{\#} can be identified with T∗​Γ/Λ¯HT^{\ast}\Gamma/\bar{\Lambda}_{H} (see Remark 6.24), Z¯∘\bar{Z}^{\circ} can be identified with a subset of T∗​Γ/Λ¯HT^{\ast}\Gamma/\bar{\Lambda}_{H} of the type Z¯L∘\bar{Z}^{\circ}_{L} for some positive LL (see Example 6.25). The pullback of f∘f^{\circ} under these identifications gives a piecewise smooth Lagrangian fibration on V⊂ℝ×S1×Z¯L∘V\subset\mathbb{R}\times S^{1}\times\bar{Z}^{\circ}_{L}

g={u+on​V+;u−on​V−g=\begin{cases}u^{+}\quad\text{on}\ V^{+};\\ u^{-}\quad\text{on}\ V^{-}\end{cases} (68)

where V+=V∩{t≥0}V^{+}=V\cap\{t\geq 0\}, V−=V∩{t≤0}V^{-}=V\cap\{t\leq 0\} and u±u^{\pm} is the restriction to V±V^{\pm} of a C∞C^{\infty} map. The set Z∘∩𝔘Z^{\circ}\cap\mathfrak{U} where f∘f^{\circ} is smooth, corresponds (under the above identifications) to the interior of ZL∘−ZL′∘Z^{\circ}_{L}-Z^{\circ}_{L^{\prime}} which we denote CL,L′C_{L,L^{\prime}}, where L′<LL^{\prime}<L. Notice that the map gg above is then smooth along CL,L′C_{L,L^{\prime}}, in particular the Taylor expansions in tt of u+u^{+} and u−u^{-} coincide along CL,L′C_{L,L^{\prime}}. With the same arguments used in the proper case one can show that u±u^{\pm} can be smoothly extended to a Lagrangian fibration u~±\tilde{u}^{\pm} beyond V±V^{\pm} (cf. Proposition 6.9 above, or [2] Proposition 6.3 for more details). In fact with a little more care one can do this so that along ℝ×CL,L′\mathbb{R}\times C_{L,L^{\prime}}, where an extension already exists, namely gg itself, we have u~±|ℝ×CL,L′=g|ℝ×CL,L′\tilde{u}^{\pm}|_{\mathbb{R}\times C_{L,L^{\prime}}}=g|_{\mathbb{R}\times C_{L,L^{\prime}}}. The map u~+\tilde{u}^{+} gives the required extension f~+\tilde{f}^{+} of f+f^{+}, where the last observation guarantees that f~+|𝔘=f|𝔘\tilde{f}^{+}|_{\mathfrak{U}}=f|_{\mathfrak{U}}. ∎

From the above result, it follows that to every Lagrangian fibration ℱ\mathcal{F} satisfying Assumption 6.22 we can assign the invariants of a normal form for ℱ\mathcal{F}, i.e. a triple (ZH#,ℓ,HΔ)(Z^{\#}_{H},\ell,H_{\Delta}). Notice that two normal forms ℱu,H\mathcal{F}_{u,H} and ℱu′,H′\mathcal{F}_{u^{\prime},H^{\prime}} for the same fibration ℱ\mathcal{F} must be related in the way described in Remark 6.27. It is worth stating this in the following:

Theorem 6.29.

Two germs of fibrations ℱ\mathcal{F} and ℱ′\mathcal{F}^{\prime} satisfying Assumption 6.22 are symplectically conjugate if and only if their invariants are related in the way described in Remark 6.27.

We also have:

Proposition 6.30.

Given HΔ∈ℋΔH_{\Delta}\in\mathscr{H}_{\Delta}, there is a function HH defined on a neighborhood of Γ\Gamma whose germ is HΔH_{\Delta}, such that for every ℓ∈ℒZ¯H#\ell\in\mathscr{L}_{\bar{Z}^{\#}_{H}}, there is a normal form of cylindrical type whose invariants are (ZH#,ℓ,HΔ)(Z^{\#}_{H},\ell,H_{\Delta}).

The results in this section extend those in [1] to stitched fibrations with generic singularities (satisfying Assumption 6.22). The arguments here can also be carried through in the stitched focus-focus case, the positive case and their higher dimensional analogues.

Original mathematics by the credited authors. Source-backed reader collection; mathematical self-containment is not assessed.