ScalingStacks

Example 6.7 (Normal forms) . [04KB]

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Example 6.7 (Normal forms).

Let (b1,…,bn)(b_{1},\ldots,b_{n}) be the standard coordinates on ℝn\mathbb{R}^{n}. Let (U,Γ)(U,\Gamma) be a pair of subsets of ℝn\mathbb{R}^{n} diffeomorphic to (Dn,Dn−1)(D^{n},D^{n-1}) and Γ=U∩{b1=0}\Gamma=U\cap\{b_{1}=0\}. Define U+=U∩{b1≥0}U^{+}=U\cap\{b_{1}\geq 0\} and U−=U∩{b1≤0}U^{-}=U\cap\{b_{1}\leq 0\}. Consider the lattice Λ=span⁡⟨d​b1,…,d​bn⟩ℤ\Lambda=\spn\langle db_{1},\ldots,db_{n}\rangle_{\mathbb{Z}} and form the symplectic manifold T∗​U/ΛT^{\ast}U/\penalty\Lambda. Denote by π\pi the standard projection onto UU. Let Z=π−1​(Γ)Z=\pi^{-1}(\Gamma) and Z¯=Z/S1\bar{Z}=Z/\penalty S^{1}, where the S1S^{1} action is the one generated by d​b1db_{1}. Suppose there is an open neighborhood V⊆T∗​U/ΛV\subseteq T^{\ast}U/\penalty\Lambda of ZZ and a map u:V→ℝnu:V\rightarrow\mathbb{R}^{n} which is a proper, smooth, S1S^{1}-invariant Lagrangian submersion with components (u1,…,un)(u_{1},\ldots,u_{n}) such that u|Z=πu|_{Z}=\pi and u1=b1u_{1}=b_{1}. Now define the following subsets of T∗​U/ΛT^{\ast}U/\penalty\Lambda,

Y+:=π−1​(U+),Y:=Y+∪V,Y−:=Y∩π−1​(U−)Y^{+}:=\pi^{-1}(U^{+}),\quad Y:=Y^{+}\cup V,\quad Y^{-}:=Y\cap\pi^{-1}(U^{-})

and define the map fu:Y→ℝnf_{u}:Y\rightarrow\mathbb{R}^{n} by

fu={uon​Y−,πon​Y+.f_{u}=\begin{cases}u\quad\text{on}\ Y^{-},\\ \pi\quad\text{on}\ Y^{+}.\end{cases} (50)

Clearly fu:Y→ℝnf_{u}:Y\rightarrow\mathbb{R}^{n} is a stitched fibration. Denote Bu:=fu​(Y)B_{u}:=f_{u}(Y). The zero section σ0\sigma_{0} of π\pi is, perhaps after a change of coordinates in the base, a section of fuf_{u}. Let γ0\gamma_{0} be the basis of H1​(Y,ℤ)H_{1}(Y,\mathbb{Z}) induced by Λ\Lambda. We call the stitched fibration ℱu=(Y,Bu,fu,σ0,γ0)\mathcal{F}_{u}=(Y,B_{u},f_{u},\sigma_{0},\gamma_{0}) a normal form.

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