ScalingStacks

Curvature [01II]

Original official author HTML, exact retained edition. Historical TeX conversion verdicts remain unchanged. Cited-edition alignment and mathematical self-containment are not assessed.

Complete original source context · Original author HTML

Curvature

Line bundles with smooth metrics on smooth complex analytic spaces allow to perform differential calculus. Namely, the curvature of a smooth metrized line bundle L¯\overline{L} is a differential form c1​(L¯)c_{1}(\overline{L}) of type (1,1)(1,1) on X\mathrm{X}. Its definition involves the differential operator

ddc=iπ∂∂¯.\mathop{\mathrm{d}\mathrm{d}^{c}}=\frac{i}{\pi}\partial\overline{\partial}.

When an open set U⊂X\mathrm{U}\subset\mathrm{X} admits local coordinates (z1,…,zn)(z_{1},\dots,z_{n}), and s∈Γ⁡(U,L)s\in\Gamma(\mathrm{U},L) is a local frame, then

c1​(L¯)|U=ddc⁡log⁡‖s‖−1=iπ​∑1≤j,k≤n∂2∂zj​∂z¯k​log⁡‖s‖−1​d​zj∧d​z¯k.c_{1}(\overline{L})|_{\mathrm{U}}=\mathop{\mathrm{d}\mathrm{d}^{c}}\log\left\|{s}\right\|^{-1}=\frac{i}{\pi}\sum_{1\leq j,k\leq n}\frac{\partial^{2}}{\partial z_{j}\partial\overline{z}_{k}}\log\left\|{s}\right\|^{-1}\mathrm{d}z_{j}\wedge\mathrm{d}\overline{z}_{k}.

Cauchy-Riemann equations (∂f/∂z¯=0\partial f/\partial\overline{z}=0 for any holomorphic function ff of the variable zz) imply that this formula does not depend on the choice of a local frame ss. Consequently, these differential forms defined locally glue to a well-defined global differential form on X\mathrm{X}.

Taking the curvature form of a metrized line bundle is a linear operation : c1​(L¯⊗M¯)=c1​(L¯)+c1​(M¯)c_{1}(\overline{L}\otimes\overline{M})=c_{1}(\overline{L})+c_{1}(\overline{M}). It also commutes to pull-back : if f:Y→Xf\colon Y\rightarrow X is a morphism, then f∗​c1​(L¯)=c1​(f∗​L¯)f^{*}c_{1}(\overline{L})=c_{1}(f^{*}\overline{L}).

In the case of the Fubini-Study metric over the projective space 𝐏n​(𝐂){\mathbf{P}}^{n}({\mathbf{C}}), the curvature is computed as follows. The open subset U0\mathrm{U}_{0} where the homogeneous coordinate x0x_{0} is non-zero has local coordinates z1=x1/x0z_{1}=x_{1}/x_{0}, …, zn=xn/x0z_{n}=x_{n}/x_{0} ; the homogeneous polynomial X0X_{0} defines a non-vanishing section s0s_{0} of 𝒪⁡(1)\mathscr{O}(1) on U0\mathrm{U}_{0} and

log⁡‖s0‖FS−1=12​log⁡(1+∑j=1n|zj|2).\log\left\|{s_{0}}\right\|^{-1}_{\mathrm{FS}}=\frac{1}{2}\log\left(1+\sum_{j=1}^{n}\left|{z_{j}}\right|^{2}\right).

Consequently, over U0\mathrm{U}_{0},

c1​(𝒪⁡(1)¯FS)\displaystyle c_{1}(\overline{\mathscr{O}(1)}_{\mathrm{FS}}) =iπ​∂∂¯​log⁡‖s0‖FS−1\displaystyle=\frac{i}{\pi}\partial\overline{\partial}\log\left\|{s_{0}}\right\|^{-1}_{\mathrm{FS}}
=i2​π​∂(∑k=1nzk1+‖z‖2​d​z¯k)\displaystyle=\frac{i}{2\pi}\partial\left(\sum_{k=1}^{n}\frac{z_{k}}{1+\left\|{z}\right\|^{2}}\mathrm{d}\overline{z}_{k}\right)
=i2​π​∑j=1n11+‖z‖2​d​zj∧d​z¯j−i2​π​∑j,k=1nzk​z¯j(1+‖z‖2)2​d​zj∧d​z¯k.\displaystyle=\frac{i}{2\pi}\sum_{j=1}^{n}\frac{1}{1+\left\|{z}\right\|^{2}}\mathrm{d}z_{j}\wedge\mathrm{d}\overline{z}_{j}-\frac{i}{2\pi}\sum_{j,k=1}^{n}\frac{z_{k}\overline{z}_{j}}{(1+\left\|{z}\right\|^{2})^{2}}\mathrm{d}z_{j}\wedge\mathrm{d}\overline{z}_{k}.

In this calculation, we have abbreviated ‖z‖2=∑j=1n|zj|2\left\|{z}\right\|^{2}=\sum_{j=1}^{n}\left|{z_{j}}\right|^{2}.

Original mathematics by the credited authors. Source-backed reader collection; mathematical self-containment is not assessed.